DAHE STEEL STRUCTURE CO.,LTD. - PDF Free Download

DAHE ENTERPRISES LIMITED DAHE STEEL STRUCTURE CO.,LTD.

FOREWORD FOREWORD Dahe Enterprises Ltd registers in Hong Kong. She owns two sole-investment companies Dahe Steel Structure (HK) Co., Ltd & Nanhai Dahe Steel Structure Co., Ltd. She also holds two joint venture companies Dahe Bolts Structure (HK) Co., Ltd & Nanhai Lucul Grating Co., Ltd. The production base is in Nanhai District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China. The factory is established in 1993. It locates in Nanhai District, Foshan City belongs to Pearl River Delta and possess a area of 33,000 square meter. The factory comprises Eastern Zone, Western Zone, Middle Zone and Northern Zone, which is distributed in Shuitou Industrial park, Yayao Industrial park, Dali Town; Songxia Industrial park, Shishan Town. The eastern factory mainly produces press welding grating. The western and middle factory mainly manufactures ball joint handrailing. The northern factory mainly fabricates steel structure members, hot bending components and fasteners etc. 2

FOREWORD HEATING SWAGING ROLLING HEAT TREATMENT 3

FOREWORD 4

STAINLESS STEEL FASTENERS AUSTENITIC STEEL GROUP Chromium-nickel steels which are made resistant to corrosion by the self-generated chromium oxide. If the chromium oxide film is damaged, it will restore itself as long as there is oxygen in the environment. However, if access of oxygen is hampered by unfavorable designs or contamination, corrosion will occur. All austenitic stainless steel fasteners are normally non-magnetic, but after cold working, some magnetic properties may be evident. A4 Chromium-nickel acid proof steels, which are molybdenum alloyed and give a considerably better resistance to corrosion than A1, A2, A3.They are used to a great extent by the cellulose industry as this steel grade is developed for boiling sulfuric acid and is to a certain extent also suitable in an environment with chloride content. They are also frequently used by the food processing industry and by the marine industry. A5 Stabilized acid proof steels, with properties similar to A4. In this steel grade, due to the additive content of Ti, Nb or Ta, this elements appetency with carbon are better than chromium, reduce the chance of chromium carbide to replace chromium oxide, it is available to avoid the happening of lean chromium and intergranular corrosion, induce the chromium oxide content arrive at maximum. DAHE stainless steel fasteners designation DAHE stainless steel fasteners manufacturing standard is according to BS EN ISO 3506-1998, Stainless steel composition specifications GRADE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION % C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Mo Cu Ti A4 0.08 1 2 0.045 0.03 16-18.5 10.0-15 2.0-3.0 1 A5 0.08 1 2 0.045 0.03 16-18.5 10.5-14 2.0-3.0 1 5xC 0.8 Mechanical properties for bolts, screws and studs GRADE PROPERTY CLASS TENSILE STRENGTH min. N/mm 2 STRESS AT 0.2% PERMANENT STRAIN min. N/mm 2 ELONGATION AFTER FRACTURE min. mm A4 A5 80 800 600 0.3d Mechanical properties for nuts GRADE PROPERTY CLASS NORMAL NUTS m 0.8d THIN NUTS 0.5d m 0.8d NORMAL NUTS m 0.8d STRESS UNDER PROOF LOAD min. N/mm 2 THIN NUTS 0.5d m 0.8d A4 A5 80 40 800 400 5

STAINLESS STEEL FASTENERS A4-80 A5-80 STAINLESS STEEL HEXAGON HEAD BOLTS, SCREWS STANDARD BS 3692 STEEL GRADE: BS EN ISO 3506-1 A4, A5 PROPERTY CLASS: BS EN ISO 3506-1 CLASS 80 TENSILE STRENGTH: 800 N/mm2 A4 A5 80 80 DIMENSIONS OF STAINLESS STEEL HEXAGON HEAD BOLTS mm Size and thread dia. d Pitch of thread (coarse pitch series) Thread runout a Diameter of unthreaded shank d Width across flats s Width across corners e Diameter of washer face d f Depth of washer face c Transit ion diamet er d a Radius under head r Height of head k Eccentr Eccentricity icity of of shank head and split pin hole to the thread max. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. max. max. min. max. min. max. max. M8 1.25 3.0 8.0 7.78 13.0 12.73 15.0 14.38 12.43 12.18 0.4 9.2 0.6 0.4 5.65 5.35 0.27 0.22 M10 1.5 3.5 10.0 9.78 17.0 16.73 19.6 18.90 16.43 16.18 0.4 11.2 0.6 0.4 7.18 6.82 0.27 0.22 M12 1.75 4.0 12.0 11.73 19.0 18.67 21.9 21.1 18.37 18.12 0.4 14.2 1.1 0.6 8.18 7.82 0.33 0.27 M14 2 5.0 14.0 13.73 22.0 21.67 25.4 24.49 21.37 21.12 0.4 16.2 1.1 0.6 9.18 8.82 0.33 0.27 M16 2 5.0 16.0 15.73 24.0 23.67 27.7 26.75 23.27 23.02 0.4 18.2 1.1 0.6 10.18 9.82 0.33 0.27 M18 2.5 6.0 18.0 17.73 27.0 26.67 31.2 30.14 26.27 26.02 0.4 20.2 1.1 0.6 12.215 11.785 0.33 0.27 M20 2.5 6.0 20.0 19.67 30.0 29.67 34.6 33.53 29.27 28.80 0.4 22.4 1.2 0.8 13.215 12.785 0.33 0.33 M22 2.5 6.0 22.0 21.67 32.0 31.61 36.9 35.72 31.21 30.74 0.4 24.4 1.2 0.8 14.215 13.785 0.33 0.33 M24 3 7.0 24.0 23.67 36.0 35.38 41.6 39.98 34.98 34.51 0.5 26.4 1.2 0.8 15.215 14.785 0.39 0.33 M27 3 7.0 27.0 26.67 41.0 40.38 47.3 45.63 39.98 39.36 0.5 30.4 1.7 1.0 17.215 16.785 0.39 0.33 M30 3.5 8.0 30.0 29.67 46.0 45.38 53.1 51.28 44.98 44.36 0.5 33.4 1.7 1.0 19.26 18.74 0.39 0.33 M33 3.5 8.0 33.0 32.61 50.0 49.38 57.7 55.8 48.98 48.36 0.5 36.4 1.7 1.0 21.26 20.74 0.39 0.39 M36 4 10.0 36.0 35.61 55.0 54.26 63.5 61.31 53.86 53.24 0.5 39.4 1.7 1.0 23.26 22.74 0.46 0.39 M39 4 10.0 39.0 38.61 60.0 59.26 69.3 66.96 58.86 58.24 0.6 42.4 1.7 1.0 25.26 24.74 0.46 0.39 M42 4.5 11.0 42.0 41.61 65.0 64.26 75.1 72.61 63.76 63.04 0.6 45.6 1.8 1.2 26.26 25.74 0.46 0.39 M45 4.5 11.0 45.0 44.61 70.0 69.26 80.8 78.26 68.76 68.04 0.6 48.6 1.8 1.3 28.26 27.74 0.46 0.39 M48 5 12.0 48.0 47.61 75.0 74.26 86.6 83.91 73.76 73.04 0.6 52.6 2.3 1.6 30.26 29.74 0.46 0.39 M52 5 12.0 52.0 51.54 80.0 79.26 92.4 89.56 56.6 2.3 1.6 33.31 32.96 0.46 0.46 M56 5.5 19.0 56.0 55.54 85.0 84.13 98.1 95.07 63.0 3.5 2.0 35.31 34.69 0.54 0.46 M60 5.5 19.0 60.0 59.54 90.0 89.13 103.9 100.72 67.0 3.5 2.0 38.31 37.69 0.54 0.46 M64 6 21.0 64.0 63.54 95.0 94.13 109.7 106.37 71.0 3.5 2.0 40.31 39.69 0.54 0.46 M68 6 21.0 68.0 67.54 100.0 99.13 115.5 112.02 75.0 3.5 2.0 43.31 42.69 0.54 0.46 16000.00 14000.00 12000.00 10000.00 8000.00 6000.00 4000.00 2000.00 0.00 M8 M10 M12 M14 M16 M18 M20 M22 M24 M27 M30 M33 M36 M39 M42 M45 M48 M52 M56 M60 M64 M68 6

STAINLESS STEEL FASTENERS A4-80 A5-80 STAINLESS STEEL NUTS STANDARD BS 3692 STEEL GRADE: BS EN ISO 3506-2 A4, A5 PROPERTY CLASS: BS EN ISO 3506-2 NORMAL STYLE NUTS: CLASS 80 THIN NUTS: CLASS 040 STRESS UNDER PROOF LOAD: BS EN ISO 3506-2 NORMAL STYLE NUTS: 800N/mm2 THIN NUTS: 400N/mm2 A4 A5 80 80 DIMENSIONS OF STAINLESS STEEL HEXAGON NUTS mm 7

STAINLESS STEEL FASTENERS A4-80 A5-80 STAINLESS STEEL STUDS STANDARD: BS EN ISO 3506-1 STEEL GRADE: BS EN ISO 3506-1 A4, A5 PROPERTY CLASS: BS EN ISO 3506-1 CLASS 80 TENSILE STRENGTH: 800 N/mm2 A4 A5 80 80 DIMENSIONS OF STAINLESS STEEL STUDS mm 8

STAINLESS STEEL FASTENERS A4, A5 STAINLESS STEEL WASHERS STANDARD: BS 4320 STEEL GRADE: BS EN ISO 3506 A4, A5 A4 A5 80 80 ID OD DIMENSIONS OF STAINLESS STEEL WASHERS mm NOMINAL SIZE OF FORM A FORM C FORM E BOLT OR SCREW OD ID t OD ID t OD ID t M8 17 8.4 1.6 21 8.4 1.6 17 9 1.6 M10 21 10.5 2 24 10.5 2 21 11 2 M12 24 13 2.5 28 13 2.5 24 14 2.5 M14 28 15 2.5 30 15 2.5 28 16 2.5 M16 30 17 3 34 17 3 30 18 3 M18 34 19 3 37 19 3 34 20 3 M20 37 21 3 39 21 3 37 22 3 M22 39 23 3 44 23 3 39 24 3 M24 44 25 4 50 25 4 44 26 4 M27 50 28 4 56 28 4 50 30 4 M30 56 31 4 60 31 4 56 33 4 M33 60 34 5 66 34 5 60 36 5 M36 66 37 5 72 37 5 66 39 5 M39 72 40 6 77 40 6 72 42 6 M42 78 45 7 M45 85 48 7 M48 92 52 8 M52 98 56 8 M56 105 62 9 M60 110 66 9 M64 115 70 9 9

STAINLESS STEEL FASTENERS A4 A5 STAINLESS STEEL SPRING WASHERS SINGLE COIL SQUARE SECTION STANDARD: BS 4464 STEEL GRADE: BS EN ISO 3506 A4, A5 A4 A5 80 80 DIMENSIONS OF STAINLESS STEEL SPRING WASHERS mm NOMINAL SIZE OF BOLT OR SCREW OD ID t M8 12.7 8.1 2 M10 16 10.2 2.5 M12 18 12.2 2.5 M14 21.1 14.2 3 M16 24.4 16.2 3.5 M18 28.4 18.2 4.5 M20 30.6 20.2 4.5 M22 33.6 22.5 5 M24 35.9 24.5 5 M27 38.9 27.5 5 M30 44.1 30.5 6 M33 47.1 33.5 6 M36 53.5 36.5 8 M39 60.6 39.5 10 M42 63.6 42.5 10 M45 70.9 45.5 12 M48 72.9 48.5 12 10

STAINLESS STEEL FASTENERS DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL BOLTS, SCREWS, STUDS, WASHERS AND NUTS DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL FERRITTIC-AUSTENITIC STRUCTURE STEEL GROUP FA is not included in ISO 3506-1, ISO 3506-2, AND ISO 3506-3 but will most probably be included in the future. Steels of this steel group are the so-called deplex steels. The first FA steels to be developed had some drawbacks that hace been eliminated in the recently developed steels.fa steels have better properties than steels of the types A4 and A5 especially as far as strength is concerned. They also exhibit superior resistance to pitting and crack corrosion. STEEL GRADE: BS EN 10088-1 NAME: X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 NUMBER: 1.4462; X2CrNiMoN25-7-4 NUMBER: 1.4410. TENSILE STRENGTH: 650 to 880 N/mm2 MANUFACTURE STANDARD: BS 3692 WASHERS STANDARD: BS 4320 GRADE C max. Si max. Mn max. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION % P S Cr Ni Mo N 1.4462 0.03 1 2 0.035 0.015 21.0 to 23.0 4.5 to 6.5 2.5 to 3.5 0.10 to 0.22 1.4410 0.03 1 2 0.035 0.015 24.0 to 26.0 6.0 to 8.0 3.0 to 4.5 0.20 to 0.35 M64 M68 M8 M10 M12 M60 M14 M56 M16 M52 M18 M48 M20 M45 M22 M42 M24 M39 M27 M36 M33 M30 11

GALVANIZING STEEL FASTENERS SHERARDIZING STEEL FASTENERS The good protective characteristics of zinc coatings,their relatively high intrinsic resistance under natural conditions and the simplicity and variety of the technogical processes available for their deposition have secured the widest use of these coatings in practice SHERARDIZING is one of the processes used to produce a zinc coating on iron and steel substrates. In 1996, DAHE started its sherardizing for zinc coating fasteners. The sherardized coating differs from the other main zinc coatings in that the coating consists not of pure zinc but entirely of iron-zinc alloys representing a series of intermetallic compounds of iron and zinc and solid solutions of zinc in iron and of iron in zinc. An important feature of the coating is its very good abrasion resistance the iron-zinc alloy layer producing a surface coating harder than any of the orther zinc coatings.the sherardizing coating has a dull matt-grey appearance which although is uniform is not smooth like an electrogalvanized finish.the surface texture of the coating provides a good bond for oils paints and lacguers. It is advisable to passivate the surface prior to the application of powder paints. The mechanical properties of steel in general are not affected and the temperatures employed are low enough to avoid many of the problems of heat distortion. Spring steels and heat treated component are processed at even lower temperatures than normal thereby avoiding any significant effect on the mechanical properties. The sherardizing process is ideally suited for the surface treatment of high tensile steels which are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. The range of applications of the process is enormous and apart from the huge quantities of scaffold clips, hinges, nuts, bolts, chains, washers,screws and nails used in the building construction and engineering industries, the process is used to good effect in the electrical trade domestic appliances telecommunications as well as the automotive industry. There are three converters in DAHEs factory for sherardized fasteners and orther iron or steel components, the capacity is over 2,400kg per day, four meters length components can be sherardizing. DAHEs Sherardizing is in accordance with British Standard BS4921 DAHEs sherardized fasteners products is conform to British Standard BS7371 Part 8 requirements. GALVANIZING STEEL FASTENERS There are many types of coatings that are specified as hot dip galvanised. The process involves immersing steel in molten zinc. The zinc reacts with the steel to form the galvanised coatings. The time the steel is immersed in the zinc along with post-galvanizing treatment controls the coating thickness, appearance and other characteristics. Hot dip galvanised coatings are applied to steel to improve the anti-corrosion performance of the steel to ensure that it lasts as long as possible with a minimum of maintenance. Long term protection for structural fasteners is obtained by galvanizing to BS EN ISO 1461 (BS729) with a specified minimum thickness range of 0.4mm for the coating. Normal coating thicknesses range from 50 to 100um; again the nut thread is overtapped by 0.4mm, to accommodate the coating. DAHEs Hot Dip Galvanizing is in accordance with British Standard BS EN ISO 1461 (BS729) DAHEs hot dip galvanized fasteners products is conform to British Standard BS7371 Part 6 requirements. 12

HEXAGON HEAD BOLTS & SCREWS HEXAGON HEAD BOLTS AND SCREWS Manufactured to the dimensions and mechanical properties of BS3692 STRENGHT GRADE 4.6,4.8,5.6,5.8,6.6,6.8,8.8,10.9,12.9,14.9 DIMENSIONS OF HEXAGON HEAD BOLTS mm Size and thread dia. d Pitch of thread (coarse pitch series) Thread runout a Diameter of unthreaded shank d Width across flats s Width across corners e Diameter of washer face d f Depth of washer face c Transit ion diamet er d a Radius under head r Height of head k Eccentr icity of head Eccentricity of shank and split pin hole to the thread max. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. max. max. min. max. min. max. max. M8 1.25 3.0 8.0 7.78 13.0 12.73 15.0 14.38 12.43 12.18 0.4 9.2 0.6 0.4 5.65 5.35 0.27 0.22 M10 1.5 3.5 10.0 9.78 17.0 16.73 19.6 18.90 16.43 16.18 0.4 11.2 0.6 0.4 7.18 6.82 0.27 0.22 M12 1.75 4.0 12.0 11.73 19.0 18.67 21.9 21.1 18.37 18.12 0.4 14.2 1.1 0.6 8.18 7.82 0.33 0.27 M14 2 5.0 14.0 13.73 22.0 21.67 25.4 24.49 21.37 21.12 0.4 16.2 1.1 0.6 9.18 8.82 0.33 0.27 M16 2 5.0 16.0 15.73 24.0 23.67 27.7 26.75 23.27 23.02 0.4 18.2 1.1 0.6 10.18 9.82 0.33 0.27 M18 2.5 6.0 18.0 17.73 27.0 26.67 31.2 30.14 26.27 26.02 0.4 20.2 1.1 0.6 12.215 11.785 0.33 0.27 M20 2.5 6.0 20.0 19.67 30.0 29.67 34.6 33.53 29.27 28.80 0.4 22.4 1.2 0.8 13.215 12.785 0.33 0.33 M22 2.5 6.0 22.0 21.67 32.0 31.61 36.9 35.72 31.21 30.74 0.4 24.4 1.2 0.8 14.215 13.785 0.33 0.33 M24 3 7.0 24.0 23.67 36.0 35.38 41.6 39.98 34.98 34.51 0.5 26.4 1.2 0.8 15.215 14.785 0.39 0.33 M27 3 7.0 27.0 26.67 41.0 40.38 47.3 45.63 39.98 39.36 0.5 30.4 1.7 1.0 17.215 16.785 0.39 0.33 M30 3.5 8.0 30.0 29.67 46.0 45.38 53.1 51.28 44.98 44.36 0.5 33.4 1.7 1.0 19.26 18.74 0.39 0.33 M33 3.5 8.0 33.0 32.61 50.0 49.38 57.7 55.8 48.98 48.36 0.5 36.4 1.7 1.0 21.26 20.74 0.39 0.39 M36 4 10.0 36.0 35.61 55.0 54.26 63.5 61.31 53.86 53.24 0.5 39.4 1.7 1.0 23.26 22.74 0.46 0.39 M39 4 10.0 39.0 38.61 60.0 59.26 69.3 66.96 58.86 58.24 0.6 42.4 1.7 1.0 25.26 24.74 0.46 0.39 M42 4.5 11.0 42.0 41.61 65.0 64.26 75.1 72.61 63.76 63.04 0.6 45.6 1.8 1.2 26.26 25.74 0.46 0.39 M45 4.5 11.0 45.0 44.61 70.0 69.26 80.8 78.26 68.76 68.04 0.6 48.6 1.8 1.3 28.26 27.74 0.46 0.39 M48 5 12.0 48.0 47.61 75.0 74.26 86.6 83.91 73.76 73.04 0.6 52.6 2.3 1.6 30.26 29.74 0.46 0.39 M52 5 12.0 52.0 51.54 80.0 79.26 92.4 89.56 56.6 2.3 1.6 33.31 32.96 0.46 0.46 M56 5.5 19.0 56.0 55.54 85.0 84.13 98.1 95.07 63.0 3.5 2.0 35.31 34.69 0.54 0.46 M60 5.5 19.0 60.0 59.54 90.0 89.13 103.9 100.72 67.0 3.5 2.0 38.31 37.69 0.54 0.46 M64 6 21.0 64.0 63.54 95.0 94.13 109.7 106.37 71.0 3.5 2.0 40.31 39.69 0.54 0.46 M68 6 21.0 68.0 67.54 100.0 99.13 115.5 112.02 75.0 3.5 2.0 43.31 42.69 0.54 0.46 13

HEXAGON HEAD BOLTS & SCREWS HEXAGON HEAD BOLTS AND SCREWS Manufactured to the dimensions and mechanical properties of BS3692 STRENGHT GRADE 4.6,4.8,5.6,5.8,6.6,6.8,8.8,10.9,12.9,14.9 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL BOLTS AND SCREWS Mechanical property Strength grade designation 4.6 4.8 5.6 5.8 6.6 6.8 8.8 10.9 12.9 14.9 Tensile strength R m Brinell hardess kgf/mm 2 40 50 60 80 100 120 140 min N/mm 2 392 490 588 785 981 1177 1373 kgf/mm 2 55 70 80 100 120 140 160 max N/mm 2 539 686 785 981 1177 1373 1569 min HB 110 140 170 225 280 330 390 max HB 170 215 245 300 365 425 - Rockwell hardess min max HRB 62 77 88 - - - - HRC - - - 18 27 34 40 HRB 88 97 102 - - - - HRC - - - 31 38 44 49 Vickers hardness Yield stress R e Stress at permanent set limit R 0.2 min 110 140 179 225 280 330 400 Hv30 max 170 215 245 300 370 440 510 kgf/mm 2 24 32 30 40 36 48 - - - - min N/mm 2 235 314 294 392 353 471 - - - - min kgf/mm 2 - - - - - - 64 90 108 126 min N/mm 2 0 - - - - - 628 883 1059 1236 Stress under proof load S p Elongation A after fracture min % Strength under wedge loading Charpy impact strength min S p /R e 0.94 0.91 0.94 0.91 0.94 0.91 0.91 0.88 0.88 0.88 kgf/mm 2 22.6 29.1 28.2 36.4 33.9 43.7 58.2 79.2 95 111 N/mm 2 222 286 276 357 333 429 571 777 932 1089 25 14 20 10 16 8 12 9 8 7 The values for full size bolts equals the minimum values for tensile strength shown above kgfm/cm2-6 4 3 3 ftlbf - 22 14 11 11 14

HEXAGON HEAD BOLTS & SCREWS HEXAGON HEAD BOLTS AND SCREWS Manufactured to the dimensions and mechanical properties of BS3692 STRENGHT GRADE PROOF LOADS FOR BOLTS AND SCREWS Nominal size Tensile stress area mm 2 4.6,4.8,5.6,5.8,6.6,6.8,8.8,10.9,12.9,14.9 Strength grade designation 4.6 4.8 5.6 5.8 6.6 6.8 8.8 10.9 12.9 14.9 Stress under proof load kgf/mm 2 22.6 29.1 28.2 36.4 33.9 43.7 58.2 79.2 95.0 111.0 Proof load metric tonne force (1000 kgf) M8 36.6 0.827 1.07 1.03 1.33 1.24 1.60 2.13 2.90 3.48 4.06 M10 58 1.31 1.69 1.64 2.11 1.97 2.53 3.38 4.59 5.51 6.44 M12 84 1.91 2.45 2.38 3.07 2.86 3.68 4.91 6.68 8.01 9.36 M14 115 2.60 3.35 3.24 4.17 3.90 5.03 6.69 9.11 10.9 12.8 M16 157 3.55 4.57 4.43 5.71 5.32 6.86 9.14 12.4 14.9 17.4 M18 192 4.34 5.59 5.41 6.99 6.51 8.39 11.2 15.2 18.2 21.3 M20 245 5.54 7.13 6.91 8.92 8.31 10.7 14.3 19.4 23.3 27.2 M22 303 6.85 8.82 8.54 11.0 10.3 13.2 17.6 24.0 28.8 33.6 M24 353 7.98 10.3 9.95 12.8 12.0 15.4 20.5 28.0 33.5 39.2 M27 459 10.4 13.4 12.9 16.7 15.6 20.1 26.7 36.4 43.6 50.9 M30 561 12.7 16.3 15.8 20.4 19.0 24.5 32.7 44.4 53.3 62.3 M33 694 15.7 20.2 19.6 25.3 23.5 30.3 40.4 55.0 65.9 77.0 M36 817 18.5 23.8 23.0 29.7 27.7 35.7 47.5 64.7 77.6 90.7 M39 976 22.1 28.4 27.5 35.5 33.1 42.7 56.8 77.3 92.7 103 M42 1120 25.3 32.6 31.6 40.8 38.0 48.9 65.2 88.7 106 124 M45 1300 29.4 37.8 36.7 47.3 44.1 56.8 75.7 103 124 144 M48 1470 33.2 42.8 41.5 53.5 49.8 64.2 85.6 116 140 163 M52 1760 39.8 51.2 49.6 64.1 59.7 77.0 102 139 167 195 M56 2030 45.8 59.1 57.2 73.9 68.8 88.7 118 161 193 225 M60 2360 53.3 68.7 66.6 85.9 80 103 137 187 224 262 M64 2680 60.6 78.0 75.6 97.6 90.9 117 156 212 255 297 M68 3060 69.2 89.0 86.3 111 104 134 178 242 291 340 15

HEXAGON HEAD BOLTS & SCREWS HEXAGON HEAD BOLTS AND SCREWS Manufactured to the dimensions and mechanical properties of BS3692 STRENGHT GRADE 4.6,4.8,5.6,5.8,6.6,6.8,8.8,10.9,12.9,14.9 PROOF LOADS FOR HEXAGON NUTS Nominal size Tensile stress area mm 2 Strength grade designation 4 5 6 8 12 14 Stress under proof load kgf/mm 2 40 50 60 80 120 140 Proof load metric tonne force (1000 kgf) M8 36.6 1.46 1.83 2.20 2.93 4.39 5.12 M10 58 2.32 2.90 3.48 4.64 6.96 8.12 M12 84 3.37 4.21 5.06 6.74 10.1 11.8 M14 115 4.60 5.75 6.90 9.20 13.8 16.1 M16 157 6.28 7.85 9.42 12.6 18.8 22.0 M18 192 7.68 9.60 11.5 15.4 23.0 26.9 M20 245 9.80 10.2 14.7 19.6 29.4 34.3 M22 303 12.1 15.1 18.2 24.2 36.4 42.4 M24 353 14.1 17.6 21.2 28.2 42.4 49.4 M27 459 18.4 23.0 27.5 36.7 55.1 64.3 M30 561 22.4 28.0 33.7 44.9 67.3 78.5 M33 694 27.8 34.7 41.6 55.5 83.3 97.2 M36 817 32.7 40.8 49.0 65.4 98.0 114 M39 976 39.0 48.8 58.6 78.1 117 137 M42 1120 44.8 56.0 67.2 89.6 134 157 M45 1300 52.0 65.0 78.0 104 156 182 M48 1470 58.8 73.5 88.2 118 176 206 M52 1760 70.4 88.0 106 141 211 246 M56 2030 81.2 101.5 122 162 244 284 M60 2360 94.4 118 142 189 283 330 M64 2680 107 134 161 214 322 375 M68 3060 122 153 184 245 367 428 17

HEXAGON HEAD BOLTS & SCREWS HIGH STRENGTH FRICTION GRIP BOLTS Manufactured to the dimensions and mechanical properties of BS4395 HSFG DIMENSIONS OF HEXAGON HEAD BOLTS M12 M16 M20 M22 M24 M27 M30 M36 P 1.75 2.00 2.50 2.50 3.00 3.00 3.50 4.00 d s e d f Max. 12.70 16.70 20.84 22.84 24.84 27.84 30.84 37.00 Min. 11.30 15.30 19.16 21.16 23.16 26.16 29.16 35.00 Max. 22.00 27.00 32.00 36.00 41.00 46.00 50.00 60.00 Min. 21.16 26.16 31.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 49.00 58.80 Max. 25.40 31.20 36.90 41.60 47.30 53.10 57.70 69.30 Min. 23.70 29.30 35.03 39.55 45.20 50.85 55.37 66.44 Max. 22.00 27.00 32.00 36.00 41.00 46.00 50.00 60.00 Min. 19.91 24.91 29.75 33.75 38.75 43.75 47.75 57.75 c Max. 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 r Max. 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.50 1.50 1.50 Min. 0.60 0.60 0.80 0.80 0.80 1.00 1.00 1.00 d d Max. 14.70 18.70 23.24 25.24 27.24 30.84 33.84 40.00 mm k Max. 8.45 10.45 13.90 14.90 15.90 17.90 20.05 24.05 Min. 7.55 9.55 12.10 13.10 14.10 16.10 17.95 21.95 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BOLTS M12 M16 M20 M22 M24 M27 M30 M36 Pitch P mm 1.75 2.00 2.50 2.50 3.00 3.00 3.50 4.00 Tensile stress area A s mm 2 84.30 157.00 245.00 303.00 353.00 459.00 561.00 817.00 Min. 69.60 130.00 203.00 250.00 292.00 333.00 406.00 591.00 Min. 53.50 99.70 155.00 192.00 225.00 259.00 313.00 445.00 Min. 49.40 92.10 144.00 177.00 207.00 234.00 286.00 418.00 Min. 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Max. 321 321 321 321 321 295 295 295 Brinell HB Min. 255 255 255 255 255 223 223 223 Max. 34 34 34 34 34 30 30 30 Rockwell HRC Min. 25 25 25 25 25 19 19 19 Max. 330 330 330 330 330 292 292 292 Vickers HV30 Min. 260 260 260 260 260 225 225 225 18

DIMENSIONS OF HEXAGON NUTS mm M12 M16 M20 M22 M24 M27 M30 M36 P 1.75 2.00 2.50 2.50 3.00 3.00 3.50 4.00 s e Max. 22.00 27.00 32.00 36.00 41.00 46.00 50.00 60.00 Min. 21.16 26.16 31.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 49.00 58.80 Max. 25.40 31.20 36.90 41.60 47.30 53.10 57.70 69.30 Min. 23.82 29.30 35.03 39.55 45.20 50.85 55.37 66.44 d f Max. 22.00 27.00 32.00 36.00 41.00 46.00 50.00 60.00 Min. 19.91 24.91 29.75 33.75 38.75 43.75 47.75 57.75 c Max. 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 m Max. 11.55 15.55 18.55 19.65 22.65 24.65 26.65 31.80 Min. 10.45 14.45 17.45 18.35 21.35 23.35 25.35 30.20 Max. 0.37 0.46 0.54 0.61 0.70 0.78 0.85 1.03 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HEXAGON NUTS 19

B C DIMENSIONS OF FLAT ROUND WASHERS mm M12 M16 M20 M22 M24 M27 M30 M36 B Max. 13.80 17.80 21.50 23.40 26.40 29.40 32.80 38.80 Min. 13.40 17.40 21.10 23.00 26.00 29.00 32.40 38.40 C Max. 30.00 37.00 44.00 50.00 56.00 60.00 66.00 85.00 Min. 29.00 36.00 43.00 48.50 54.50 58.5 64.5 83.5 t Max. 2.80 3.40 3.70 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.60 Min. 2.40 3.00 3.30 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 4.20 HARDNESS OF FLAT ROUND WASHERS Rockwell C Scale 38 to 45 HRC 6mm 7mm 8mm 1.6mm M M M A B A 45 C A DIMENSIONS OF SQUARE TAPER WASHERS Inside diameter Mean thickness Nominal size and B Overall size A thread diameter C max. min. 3 o and 5 o Taper 8 o Taper M12 14.2 13.4 31.75 4.76 6.35 M16 18.2 17.4 38.10 4.76 6.35 M20 21.9 21.1 38.10 4.76 6.35 M22 23.8 23.0 44.45 4.76 6.35 M24 26.8 26.0 57.15 4.76 6.35 M27 29.8 29.0 57.15 4.76 6.35 M30 33.2 32.4 57.15 4.76 6.35 M36 39.2 38.4 57.15 4.76 6.35 20

RAIL BOLTS & SCREWS 21

RAIL BOLTS & SCREWS DAHE ENTERPRISES LIMITED http://www.dahe.com E-mail: head @ dahe.com Address: Room 1412,14/F,Sun Hing Building,No.607,Nathan Road, Mongkok, Kowloon, Hong Kong. Tel: 852-2626 9256 Fax: 852-2626 9203 Dahe Steel Structure (HK) Co.Ltd. Address: No.18 M/F Sai Yuen Lane. Des Vdeux Road (W) HK. Tel: 852-2857 9902 Fax: 852-2858 0636 FACTORY Address: No.24,1 Road (S), Shuitou Industrial Zone, Dali Town, Nanhai, Foshan, Guangdong, China. Tel: (86)757-8555 9377, 8551 4478 Fax: (86)757-8551 0535, Postcode: 528231 22