DOE EERE and OS Funded Research: Deployment of the Biorefinery Mark Downing downingme@ornl.gov Bioenergy Program Oak Ridge National Laboratory Appalachian Woody Biomass to Ethanol Shepherdstown, WV September 5-6, 2007 Managed by UT-Battelle
Steps in cellulosic ethanol production From: Breaking the Biological Barriers to Cellulosic Ethanol 2 Managed by UT-Battelle
Desirable improvements From: Breaking the Biological Barriers to Cellulosic Ethanol 3 Managed by UT-Battelle
Figure 1 - Relationships Between Science and Technology in DOE Discovery Research Use-inspired Basic Research Applied Research Technology Maturation & Deployment Basic research for fundamental new understanding, the science grand challenges Development of new tools, techniques, and facilities, including those for advanced modeling and computation Basic research for new understanding specifically to overcome short-term showstoppers on realworld materials in the DOE technology programs Research with the goal of meeting technical targets, with emphasis on the development, performance, cost reduction, and durability of materials and components or on efficient processes Proof of technology concept Cost reduction Scale-up research Prototyping Manufacturing R&D Deployment support Office of Science BER, BES Technology Offices EERE, NE, FE, TD, EM, RW, By Mark Downing, ORNL; adapted from an original by Patricia M. Dehmer, DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences 4 Managed by UT-Battelle
Figure 2 - Proposed Example: Lignocellulosic Conversion to Ethanol Discovery Research Use-inspired Basic Research Applied Research Technology Maturation & Deployment Genomics Transcriptomics Proteomics Interactomics Metabolomics Neutron science Advanced computing Broadened planting ranges for energy crops Increases in yield per unit area Decreased costs in dollars per unit area Increased liquid fuels yield per unit of biomass Technology Milestones: Enzymatic fermentation Gas/liquid fermentation Acid hydrolysis fermentation Gasification Planning Execution Reviews and reporting Validation Analysis Infrastructure Market Development Sequencing Genomes Populus Pyrolysis Combustion Communication, education, and outreach Soybean Cofiring Switchgrass ESTs By Mark Downing, ORNL; adapted from an original by Patricia M. Dehmer, DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences 5 Managed by UT-Battelle BER EERE
DOE Bioenergy Science Center 6 DOE Biorefinery Demonstration Projects DOE Ethanologen Solicitation DOE 10% Commercial-scale Research Solicitation DOE Loan Guarantees Sun Grant Initiative National Energy Laboratories USDA Crop Development Centers and USDA Programs Public-private partnerships Regional Feedstock Partnerships Feedstock and Conversion Science Research Multiple Value-added Product Streams from a Biorefinery Fuels Distribution and Infrastructure Engines, Drivetrains, Fuel Systems, and Alternative Fuels 6 Managed by UT-Battelle
March 27, 2007 DOE Selects Five Cellulosic Ethanol Conversion Projects for $23 Million in Federal Funding the Ethanologen Solicitation U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) - projects focused on developing highly efficient fermentative organisms to convert biomass material to ethanol. Develop Highly efficient fermentative Micro Organisms to Facilitate Cost Effective Biorefineries, Five organizations selected for further negotiations (Cargill Inc, Celunol Corp, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co, Mascoma Corp, Purdue University) 7 Managed by UT-Battelle
Five Ethanol Conversion Projects for $23 Million Projects to Develop Fermentative Organisms to Speed Ethanol Refining Cargill Incorporated to receive up to $4.4 million Celunol Corporation to receive up to $5.3 million E.I. Dupont de Nemours & Company to receive up to $3.7 million Mascoma Corporation to receive up to $4.9 million Purdue University to receive up to $5.0 million 8 Managed by UT-Battelle
May 20, 2007 DOE Announces up to $200 Million in Funding for Biorefineries Small- and full-scale projects total up to $585 million the 10% research solicitation -One- tenth of the projected scale of a first of its kind commercial facility The FOA will support demonstration projects that test key refining processes and provide operational data needed to lower the technical hurdles sometimes associated with financing a full-size commercial plant. These projects are expected to be operational within three to four years and will speed the adoption of new technologies to produce ethanol and other biofuels from cellulosic feedstocks Commercial-scale demonstrations will follow thereafter 9 Managed by UT-Battelle
June 26, 2007 Energy Department Selects Three Bioenergy Research Centers for $375 Million in Federal Funding Basic Genomics Research Furthers President Bush s Plan to Reduce Gasoline Usage 20 Percent in Ten Years 10 Managed by UT-Battelle
Joint USDA/DOE Solicitation - $18 million grants R&D of biomass-based products, fuels, and related processes Pre-application closing date July 11, 2007 Technologies to convert cellulosic biomass into intermediaries for biobased fuels (45%) Product diversification (30%) Feedstock production (20%) Analysis for strategic guidance (5%) 11 Managed by UT-Battelle
August 20, 2007 Lignol Energy Corp. Files for $30 Million U.S. Department of Energy Grant to Build Cellulosic Ethanol Commercial Demonstration Plant in Colorado Lignol Energy Corporation (TSX-V: LEC - News; "Lignol") announced on Aug 20 that its U.S. subsidiary, Lignol Innovations Inc., has filed a formal application with the U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE") for a grant for US$30 million under the DOE's cellulosic ethanol and biofuels funding program, to fund the development of a cellulosic ethanol commercial demonstration plant in Colorado. Lignol has also signed a Project Development Agreement with Suncor Energy Products Inc. and its affiliate Suncor Energy (U.S.A.) to jointly fund the project development costs related to the DOE application. "This DOE funding program is seeking to identify companies that can successfully develop biorefineries for ethanol and bio-based chemicals for industrial applications in the United States. 12 Managed by UT-Battelle
August 27, 2007 DOE Offers up to $33.8 Million to Support Cellulosic Biofuel Processes the Enzyme Solicitation - Second phase of cellulase development with cost-sharing industry partners DOE has released a Funding Opportunity Announcement offering up to $33.8 million to develop enzymes that efficiently convert cellulosic biomass into biofuels. 13 Managed by UT-Battelle
August 29, 2007 USDA will guarantee loans of $19.5 million for a wood pellet plant in Savannah, Georgia, that will produce 130,000 metric tons of wood pellets per year Loans of $27.5 million and $15 million, respectively, for biodiesel facilities in Freeport, Illinois, and Jasper County, Illinois, that will each produce 30 million gallons per year of biodiesel Loans of $35 million for an ethanol plant in Hoke County, North Carolina, that will produce 60 million gallons of ethanol per year 14 Managed by UT-Battelle
Thermochemical Conversion Solicitation: $7.75 million grants over 4 years, 30% phase 1, 40% phase 2 non-federal cost share, closing date July 23, 2007 Biomass synthesis gas to liquid fuels validation 15 Managed by UT-Battelle
6 Commercial Biorefinery Demonstrations EPAct 2005 Sec. 932 Bioenergy Program LIGNOCELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCK - means any portion of a plant or co-product from conversion, including crops, trees, forest residues, and agricultural residues not specifically grown for food, including from barley grain, rapeseed, rice bran, rice hulls, rice straw, soybean matter, and sugarcane bagasse. 16 Managed by UT-Battelle
6 Commercial Biorefinery Demonstrations 60 Letters of intent received 24 Applications 15 Reviewed 6 Selected for potential award negotiation 17 Managed by UT-Battelle
6 Commercial Biorefinery Demonstrations What is Front-End Loading? Front-End Loading (FEL) is the process by which a company develops detailed definition of a capital project to meet business objectives. Through the process, capital productivity best practices are used, and the profitability of the company is enhanced During FEL these questions are answered: Why What When How Where Who 18 Managed by UT-Battelle
6 Commercial Biorefinery Demonstrations Risks to the Department Relatively new technology Construction of processing and production facilities rather than a building or user facility Monitoring of construction, costs and meeting NEPA requirements Tracking and monitoring completion of criteria set by EPAct2005, Section 932 DOE Loan Guarantee potential Mitigation Planning Use of independent consultant to evaluate risks Use of independent engineer to support PMC function 19 Managed by UT-Battelle
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Cellulosic Biorefinery Investments Recently announced competitive selections to provide up to $385 million over four years for cost-shared integrated biorefineries in six states Abengoa Bioenergy Biomass of Kansas ALICO, Inc. Florida BlueFire Ethanol, Inc. POET (formerly Broin Companies) Iogen Biorefinery Partners, LLC Range Fuels (formerly Kergy, Inc.) 21 Managed by UT-Battelle
Integrated Biorefinery Commercial Operation (Planned) Abengoa Bioenergy Biomass of Kansas LLC Southwestern Kansas Iogen Biorefinery Partners Broin and Associates, Inc. Alico, Inc. LaBelle, FL BlueFire Ethanol, Inc. Corona, CA BlueFire Ethanol, Inc Abengoa Bioenergy Biomass of Kansas, LLC Range Fuels (Kergy) Alico, Inc. Broin and Associates, Inc. (POET Energy) Emmetsburg, IA Iogen Biorefinery Partners, LLC Idaho Falls, ID Range Fuels, Inc. Soperton, GA 22 Managed by UT-Battelle
Company Site Feed Process to ethanol Abengoa KS Corn stover, ag residue Iogen with Shell ID Ag residue: wheat straw Range Fuels (Kergy), Merrick, CH2MHill, Khosla POET Energy (Broin) with DuPont, Novozymes, NREL Dilute acid/enzyme/fermentation for easy sugars; then gasify the residuals to syngas and power shared with dry mill Dilute acid/enzyme/fermentation GA Wood residues Thermochemical (gasify or pyrolysis) then catalysis to liquids (ethanol and methanol) IA Corn fiber, cobs, stalks Dilute acid, fermentation Shared with dry mill Alico, BRI, etc. FL Yard waste, citrus waste, energy cane BlueFire with Waste Mgmt, Petrodiamond So. CA Yard waste, wood and green waste, Gasify followed by fermentation Conc. acid to sugars, then fermentation 23 Managed by UT-Battelle
Regional Partnerships (Sun Grant, Universities, States, Commodity Groups, etc.) are needed to answer: What are the Feedstocks? What are the Feedstock Tonnages and Costs? What are the locations feedstock production opportunities / constraints? Critical Partnerships Needed to Validate Feedstock Milestones Industrial Partnerships (Biorefining Companies, Growers, Equipment Mfg., Agribusiness, etc.) are needed to answer: What are the feedstock supply options and costs? 24 Managed by UT-Battelle
Artist vision of a biorefinery with biomass storage adjacent 25 Managed by UT-Battelle Source: NREL Pix
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