DESIGN AND BUILT PEPPER DIFFUSER MACHINE (PDM-11)

DESIGN AND BUILT PEPPER DIFFUSER MACHINE (PDM-11) Kamarul Hisyam Bin Haji Osman @ Othman* Tel :+6019-4572036 Email: kamarul@psp.edu.my Ahmad Fadzil Bin Ismail* Tel :+6018-4037343 Email: afadzil@psp.edu.my *Mechanical Department, Politeknik Seberang Perai, Penang, Malaysia. ABSTRACT The Pepper Diffuser Machine (PDM-11) was developed at Mechanical Engineering Department, Politeknik Seberang Perai (PSP) at engineering workshop on 2011. The reducing berries have been traditionally done by stepping on the pepper on foot. This method requires a lot of labor and time consuming to resolve pepper seeds from the stalk. Moreover, in the traditional way, it can have a negative impact on the chili pepper that will be broken or damaged. Thus, the objective of this diffuser machine is to disperse pepper seeds from the stalk and improve the quality of pepper seeds compared to traditional way. In addition, this machine use 0.5 HP AC motor to move the roller diffuser and can also be run in the forward and backward direction. The process begin with the raw pepper is placed on the top of Input Inclined Platform with adequate vibration, and then raw pepper will move to the Roller Diffuser which have been tied together with wire and attached to the structure of the machine and is powered by an electric motor. The raw pepper will get loose with the result of pressure and friction that occurs on the Roller Diffuser and the raw pepper will break off, filter and channel peppers to the Output Pepper Platform and Output Stalk Platform. Lastly the separated raw pepper will be drawn to stalk and pepper container respectively. As for the safety and the effectiveness purposes, testing of the final product has been conducted and the results show its satisfaction to the inventor and the user needs. This PDM-11 has successfully patterned under MyIPO in 2012 and wins the silver award in the ITEX 2013 under the agricultural based product category. PDM-11 also compiles to solve the farmer problems in dealing with the pepper seeds. However, there are some suggestions to improve this invention such as in term of technologies, design and materials used. Keywords: Design, Built, Diffuser Machine, Pepper, Pressure, Friction, Vibration. 1.0 INTRODUCTION The present invention relates to Pepper Diffuser Machine (DPM-11) to disperse seeds chili pepper from the stalk. Malaysia is the one of the largest producer of pepper in the world after Brazil, Indonesia and India (K.P. Prabhakaran Nair, 2011). In this case Malaysia should up grade machinery to increase the production to compete the global needs. Normally, after a harvest peppers, peppers should be processed as soon as possible to maintain the quality. There are very strict commercial requirements with regard to physical properties, microbiological limits, active ingredient specifications, and cleanliness. The extent of buyer attention to certified HACCP or ISO 9000 systems varies among regions (Jaffee, Steven, 2004). The reducing berries are traditionally done by using pepper trample feet. This method requires a lot of labor and also takes a lot of times to disperse pepper seeds from the stalk. Besides, by traditional way, it can cause a negative impact on the chili pepper that will be broken or damage. People have been involved for the last two decades in the conservation and study of pepper and the problems facing its production and management (P.N Ravindran, 2005). In the late 1980s and early 1990s, several spice exporters began to upgrade their black pepper cleaning and 67

preparation systems. Therefore, the objectives of this project are to design and produce a machine that can preserve the quality of the pepper and preventing the pepper seed to become defect when it is removed from the stalk as well as to handle pepper dissociation process from the stem quickly and in large quantities (Lembaga Lada Malaysia, 2007). 2.0 METHODS This machine cuts down on the time and manpower to disperse the pepper seeds. Alternatively this machine can resolve a lot of pepper in a reasonable time and improve the quality of pepper seeds compared to traditional way. In addition, the farmer will have benefit from this innovation. 2.1 Flow Chart DESIGN CONSEPTUAL DESIGN (FRONT VIEW) CONSEPTUAL DESIGN ( SIDE VIEW) BUILT CONSEPTUAL DESIGN ( TOP VIEW) OUTCOME DESIGN FINAL PRODUCT DATA'S SURVEY ERGONOMICS FRICTION PRESSURE VIBRATION DESIGN ON-OFF SWITCH AC MOTOR ROLLER DIFFUSER Figure 1: Flow chart in developing PDM-11 From the figure 1 above, there are four phases of development process that include the conceptual design of the DPM-11 which comes with the sketching of the final product, technical drawing with the complete measurement for all four main components. Secondly, the process of build the DPM-11 start from the selections of the raw material, sheet metal fabrication works, wood works, components assembly, electrical and finishing works. Thus, the outcome design of DPM-11 is ready to be tested. Next, the final works is to complete the inventor and the user needs in terms of output of the final product. Some parameters such as the ergonomics factor, the present of friction, pressure and the vibration effect are generally being finalized. Finally, the data s survey helps the inventor to overcome and to improve the qualities of the final product in the some factor such as design, the on-off switch, the AC motor and the effectiveness of the roller diffuser before finalized the DPM-11 as a new product invention. 68

2.2 Design In order that the invention may be more fully understood, one embodiment will now be described by way of example with reference to the drawings in which. Figure 2 is a side perspective view of Pepper Diffuser Machine according to preferred embodiment of the present invention; 1 2 4 3 Figure 2: Conceptual design of Pepper Diffuser Machine (Side View) Figure 2 illustrates the side view of Pepper Diffuser Machine. This machine includes four compartments which are input inclined platform (1), roller diffuser (2), output pepper platform (3) and output stalk platform (4). The input inclined platform (1) is designed in tilted position to ensure the pepper to move with the help of vibration and gravity to the roller diffuser. 69

Figure 3 below is a front view of Pepper Diffuser Machine according to preferred embodiment of the present invention; 1 2 4 3 Figure 3: Conceptual design of Pepper Diffuser Machine (Front View) From the figure 3 above, the roller diffuser (2) which have been tied together with wire and attached to the structure of the machine and is powered by an electric motor. The output pepper platform (3) serves to filter and channel peppers that has been processed by the roller diffuser into the pepper container whereas the output stalk platform (4) serves to filter and channel stalks that has been processed by the roller diffuser into the stalk container. 2.3 Built These are activities that were done in order to build the Pepper Diffuser Machine. Figure 4 : Conceptual design of Roller Diffuser (Top View) Figure 4 is a top view of Roller Diffuser according to preferred embodiment of the present invention. This machine saves time of farmers by operate in a large scale. This machine saves energy of farmers by using 0.5 Hp electric motor power in order to move the roller. 70

Figure 5 : Actual design of Roller Diffuser Figure 6 : Actual design of Input Platform Figure 5 and figure 6 above shows a group of student make an assembly works of the input incline platform and the diffuser to the main body of the machine. It required a correct workshop practice and also an excellent skill of measurement and fixing. Figure 7 : Outcome design of Pepper Diffuser Machine From the figure 7 above, the concept of this machine is to produce commercial type of pepper diffuser machine which the design was aimed for all scale of farming activities and could produced mass quantities of process pepper bean. Therefore, to ensure this, a full scale machine was developed and the materials used are corresponding to the actual activities. 71

2.4 Final Product Figure 8: Pepper Diffuser Machine Figure 8 above shows the final product of Pepper Diffuser Machine (PDM-11). This actual machine can preserve the quality of the pepper and preventing the pepper seed to become defect when it is removed from the stalk. Moreover, this machine can handle pepper dissociation process from the stem quickly and in a large quantity. 2.5 Testing Data s This innovation has carried out a testing in order to ensure the effectiveness and the efficiency of the final product. The testing has been done at the end of December 2011 in the engineering workshop at Politeknik Seberang Perai (PSP). There are several items such as the design, the on-off switch, the forward-backward electrical motor and the roller diffuser function. 2.5.1 Design With the input testing data shown the incline input platform, the peppers are easily moved toward the roller diffuser by the helps of gravitational forces. The vibration that caused by the motor also helps the pepper movement. Besides, the overall measurements of this machine are suitable to be used in large quantities of pepper seeds. 2.5.2 On-off Switch For the testing data on switch, its function very well. The switch is placed at a very suitable position and can be reached easily in the emergency condition. 2.5.3 AC Motor As buying warranty, this AC motor has pass 3 years warranty. For the testing data show, its can works above 18 hours without cut off in line. The forward and backward 0.5 HP AC motor are very useful to rotate the roller diffuser. The revolution per minutes of the motor is fixed and in a standard range of speed. 72

2.5.4 Roller Diffuser Testing data for Roller diffuser shown its can work smooth without stack or jam. This roller diffuser has been tied together with wire & testing data shown this wire can generate friction and pressure towards the surface of the roller diffuser. It is attached to the structure of the machine and is powered by an electric motor. The output pepper platform serves to filter and channel peppers that has been processed by the roller diffuser into the pepper container whereas the output stalk platform serves to filter and channel stalks that has been processed by the roller diffuser into the stalk container. 3.0 CONCLUSION This Pepper Diffuser Machine (DPM-11) now becomes new pattern product by Intellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia (Application No. P1 2013001126) produced by Lecturer & engineering students at PSP. The DPM-11 now is in line of new categories in an agricultural based product. It is considerably recognized as a green technology product. Moreover it application is much more easy to use compared to the traditionally way. This machine is environmental friendly and mobile. The advantages of this machine is that more effective in terms of design and size. PDM-11 is a machine that easily operated by a farmer. Therefore, it fulfills the needs of the farmer by the usage of the technologies. In the other hand, it also benefits the farmers to earn extra profit since this machine was developed at a reasonable cost. 4.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY Jaffee, Steven (2004). "Delivering and Taking the Heat: Indian Spices and Evolving Process Standards" (PDF). Kertas Perbincangan Pembangunan Luar Bandar dan Pertanian, Washington: Bank Dunia. Kannan dan Anan & A. Abdullah (2010). Amalan Pertanian Yang Baik (GAP) bagi Lada Hitam (Piper nigrum L.) diterjemahkan oleh Zaidel Jamil, Komuniti Lada Antarabangsa (IPC), Jakarta, Indonesia. Lembaga Rempah Ratus, Kementerian Perdagangan & Industri, Kerajaan India, Chochin, Kerala, India. K.P. Prabhakaran Nair (2011). Agronomy and Economy of Black Pepper and Cardamom : The King and Queen of Spice. Elsevier Inc., Jamestown Road, London, England. LEMBAGA LADA MALAYSIA (2012), webmaster @ mpb.gov.my; acess on 13 Jan 2014, 2:15 a.m P.N Ravindran (2005). Black Pepper : Pepper Nigrum (Medical and Aromatic Plants Industrial Profiles). Harvard Academic Publishers. Amsterdam. Netherland. Statistic Handbook Malaysia (2011). Lada Hitam, Department Of Statistic, Malaysia. ISSN 0127-4643. P34-62. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/intranettrade/resources/topics/standards/indiaspices.pdf access on 13 jan 2014, 2:20 a.m 73