Delivering Sustainability: Transporting Goods in Urban Spaces Prof. Anne Goodchild Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering Director, Supply Chain Transportation and Logistics Center 1
Staff and Students of the Supply Chain Transportation and Logistics Center 2
Image of a Sustainable City 3
Image of a Sustainable City 4
Image of a Sustainable City 5
Image of a Sustainable City 6
The Sustainable City: Dense residential development Few cars People live closer to where they work and shop 7
Current City Street New York 8
Current City Street Seattle 9
What is the current state of urban goods movement, and what role can it play in developing sustainable cities? 10
What is Sustainable Goods Movement? Compatible with urban living Quiet Low to no local pollutants Safe for other users Minimizes impact on local traffic Low to no GHG emissions Economically viable 11
What are the Current Challenges? Congestion Emissions Consumer demands Credit: Anna Bovbjerg, University of Washington 12
Congestion in Seattle Source: TTI Mobility Data 13
US Criteria Pollutants Percentage by Vehicle Type 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% Light duty Heavy duty 20% 10% 0% Roughly 50% NOx PM10 CO2 million VMT VOCs CO Only 7-8% 20-25% NEI 2008 v1.5 GPR, 2011 US GHG Inventory - 2009 data, 2005 BTS Annual Report 14
What are the Current Challenges? Credit: The Wall Street Journal 15
What are the Current Challenges? Credit: Business Insider 16
Research Questions Can delivery services accomplish last mile delivery with: Less vehicle miles travelled? Less carbon dioxide? Less nitrous oxide? Less particulate matter? 17
How Might a Delivery Service Deliver Sustainability? 18
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Good Logistics Matters Random selection A: Random Selection B: Proximity Assignment Proximity assignment 20
feet/customer Vehicle Miles Travelled can be Dramatically Reduced with Delivery 12,000 12,000 10,000 10,000 8,000 8,000 6,000 6,000 4,000 4,000 2,000 2,000 0 Passenger Travel Delivery Vehicle Passenger Travel Delivery Vehicle Random Selection Proximity Assignment Distribution of and Service Type for Customers 0 21
kilogram of CO2/customer Carbon Dioxide Reductions are Less Clear 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 Passenger Travel Delivery Vehicle Passenger Travel Delivery Vehicle Random Selection Proximity Assignment Distribution of and Service Type for Customers 0 22
Research Questions Can delivery services accomplish last mile delivery with: Less vehicle miles travelled? Less carbon dioxide? Less nitrous oxide? Less particulate matter? 23
Research Questions Does a warehouse-based delivery model provide reductions in VMT, CO2, NOX and PM? Does a depot-delivery model provide reductions in VMT, CO2, NOX and PM? Are these results consistent across more and less dense neighborhoods? 24
Warehouse-based Delivery Regional Warehouse Grocery Store Grocery Store Grocery Grocery Store Store Combination Truck Single-unit Truck Passenger Car 25
Depot-based Delivery Regional Warehouse Depot Depot Depot Depot Combination Truck Single-unit Truck Passenger Car 26
Density of King County Municipalities Black Diamond Seattle Sammamish 27 27
Delivery Reduces Vehicle Miles Travelled in all Municipalities 28
Delivery Increases Local Pollutants in all Municipalities 29
Delivery Reduces Carbon Dioxide in Some Municipalities 30
Delivery Would Decrease Carbon Dioxide in Most Municipalities Seattle PV better Black Diamond Sammamish 31 31
Are Delivery Services Sustainable? Reduce VMT and CO2 in the vast majority of cases with current vehicle fleet Increase local pollutants Indirect effects Reduce the need for personal vehicles Reduce vehicle activity Reduce parking requirements 32
How do Increasing Service Expectations Affect Sustainability? 33
Poor Customer Service 10 miles 10 miles Serving all 24 customers in a day 34
Better Customer Service Increases Delivery Distance Travelled 10 miles 10 miles Serving 12 customers in each of 2 half days. Distance increased by 40%. 35
Are Delivery Services Part of a Sustainable Future? Reduce vehicle miles travelled and carbon dioxide in most communities More opportunity in less urban spaces Indirect effects Reduce the need for personal vehicles Reduce vehicle activity and parking requirements Reduced conflicts with personal vehicles Must upgrade vehicle technology to reduce local pollutants Lighter weight More consistent with development patterns 36
Questions? http://depts.washington.edu/sctlctr annegood@uw.edu 37