Electricity Production Overview

Electricity Production Overview

Simplified US Electrical Generation Nuclear Hydro Coal Natural Gas

Source: egrid, 2010

Generation by Fuel, 2010

17.2 Electricity production from coal % of total by country (2012). 41% of Total Production 34.1 41 46.1 87 38.5 15 10.6 45 29.0 33.2 51 22.8 75 68 79 44 92 6.1 58 45 3.8 2.7 78 1.7 93 43.0 95.7 SOURCES: World Development Indicators database, worldcoal.org

Electricity production from hydro % of total by country (2009). 16.1 % of Total Production 61 98 18 16 6 14 68 69 0 0 19 0 0 99 2 0 98 28 16 22 99 85 86 98 99 99 1 8 58

Electricity production from nuclear % of total by country (2011). 13.5% of World Production 43 18 19 15 18 54 20 78 78 47 54 43 18 2 4 35 18 3 5

Coal-Fired Power Plants (412)

9 8 4 2 5 3 7 6 1 10 Source: EIA, 2014

Natural Gas-Fired Power Plants (1714)

46.2

Electrical Production from Natural Gas Total Electric Power Industry (% of Total for 2014) 9.5 21.1 60.6 63.8 16.8 24.3 19.1 1.7 1.1 22.2 27.8 0.6 4.2 1.0 2.9 38.0 48.6 6.8 13.2 39.7 11.7 2.4 24.0 17.6 2.7 8.3 0.8 4.6 27.1 2.7 22.4 7.8 15.6 11.7 59.1 32.6 32.3 53.8 32.8 VT: 0 NH: 22.5 MA: 59.4 CT: 43.6 RI: 94.9 NJ: 46.2 MD: 6.6 DE: 81.7 DC: 100.0 54.4 60.9 US: 27.5 0.6 Source: EIA, Nov 2015

Nuclear Power Plants (62)

World Electricity Prices, 2011-2014 Kuwait Myanmar Bhutan Uzbekistan Korea India Paraguay Sweden Iceland Vietnam Perú China Ukraine Indonesia Moldova Canada Nepal United States Thailand Bulgaria Russia Lithuania Pakistan Norway South Africa Israel Brazil Nigeria Taiwan Croatia Colombia Latvia Romania Turkey Argentina New Zealand Mexico France United Kingdom Finland Spain Palau Chile Hungary Japan Switzerland Portugal Singapore Uruguay Guyana Ireland Italy Netherlands Belgium Australia Germany Tahiti Philippines Tuvalu Papua New Guinea Denmark Marshall Islands Jamaica Tonga Turks and Caicos Islands Solomon Islands 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 US cents/kwhr Source: IEA

1949 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 Million kwhrs Annual Electricity Sales by Sector 1,600,000 1,400,000 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 Residential Commercial 200,000 Industrial 0 Source: EIA

How Do We Use Electricity? Buildings Energy Data Book

Uses Are Changing

Typical Wattages of Various Appliances Formula for Estimating Energy Consumption: (Wattage Hours Used Per Day 1000 = Daily Kilowatt-hour (kwh) consumption Examples: Ceiling fan: (150 Watts 4 hours/day 120 days/year) 1000 = 72 kwh 10 cents/kwh = $7.20/year Hair Dryer: (1500 Watts 0.25 hours/day 365 days/year) 1000 = 138 kwh 10 cents/kwh = $13.80/year Refrigerator: (725 Watts 8 hours/day 365 days/year) 1000 = 2117 kwh 10 cents/kwh = $211.70/year Computer (50 Watts 12 hours/day 365 days/year) 1000 = 219 kwh 10 cents/kwh = $21.90/year Aquarium = 50 1210 Watts Clock radio = 10 Coffee maker = 900 1200 Clothes washer = 350 500 Clothes dryer = 1800 5000 Dishwasher = 1200 2400 (using the drying feature greatly increases energy consumption) Dehumidifier = 785 Electric blanket- Single/Double = 60 / 100 Fans Ceiling = 65 175 Window = 55 250 Furnace = 750 Whole house = 240 750 Hair dryer = 1200 1875 Heater (portable) = 750 1500 Clothes iron = 1000 1800 Microwave oven = 750 1100 Personal computer CPU - awake / asleep = 120 / 30 or less Monitor - awake / asleep = 150 / 30 or less Laptop = 50 Radio (stereo) = 70 400 Refrigerator (frost-free, 16 cubic feet) = 725 Televisions (color) 19" = 65 110 27" = 113 36" = 133 53"-61" Projection = 170 Flat screen = 120 Toaster = 800 1400 Toaster oven = 1225 VCR/DVD = 17 21 / 20 25 Vacuum cleaner = 1000 1440 Water heater (40 gallon) = 4500 5500 Source: US Dept of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/consumer/your_home/appliances/index.cfm/mytopic=10040

US Electricity Generation Projections

MWhr xe6 US Renewable Generation Total Electric Power Industry 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 Geothermal Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Conventional Other Gases Other Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Other Biomass Wind Wood and Wood Derived Fuels 200 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Source: EIA, 2015

Generating Capacity, GW Renewable Electricity Generation by Source 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Conventional Hydropower Geothermal Municipal Waste Wood and Other Biomass Solar Thermal Solar Photovoltaic Wind Offshore Wind 0 Source: EIA, 2013

World Divided Into 7 Regions, Each with a Population of 1 Billion

Map of Time Zones in Antarctica

Per Capita GDP, 2013

GDP vs Electricity Consumption, 2012-2013 Source: World Resources Institute

North and South Korea at Night Per capita GDP (2014) North Korea: $1,800 est. South Korea: $35,277

Human Development Index (HDI): Life expectancy at birth Education, adult literacy rate and gross enrollment ratio Standard of living, gross domestic product per capita at purchasing power parity.

Human Development Index Human Development Index vs Electricity Consumption 4,000 kwh per person per year is the dividing line between developed and developing countries. Annual Per Capita Electricity Consumption (kwh) Source: Human Development Index 2010 data United Nations; Annual Per Capita Electricity Consumption (kwh) - 2007 data World Bank Updated: 4/11

Access to Electricity, 2010 Malawi Mozambique Madagascar Haiti Togo Cambodia Zimbabwe Yemen, Rep. Botswana Myanmar Cote d'ivoire Lao PDR Indonesia Nepal Guatemala Peru Panama Ecuador Cuba Colombia Iraq Brazil Trinidad and Tobago Algeria Jordan Venezuela, RB Israel Libya United Arab Emirates Canada 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Access to Electricity, % of Population World: 80.5%

Access to Electricity Source: World Resources Institute

Electrical Outages (days/year) 2005-2006 194 188 3 1 3 24 14 11 67 10 7 10 4 111 77 70 88 186 84 61 94 136 63 77 245 11 5

Billion kwhr World Electricity Forecast 30,000 OECD non-oecd 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 U.S. Energy Information Administration International Energy Outlook 2014

World Electricity Consumption, 2009 Norway Canada Luxembourg Sweden United Arab Emirates New Zealand Switzerland Austria Japan Saudi Arabia Germany Denmark Czech Republic Ireland Estonia Oman Trinidad and Tobago Italy Portugal South Africa Malta Serbia Hungary Malaysia Macedonia, FYR Chile Venezuela, RB Latvia Uruguay Turkmenistan Romania Brazil Thailand Mexico Costa Rica Panama Georgia Syrian Arab Republic Mongolia Dominican Republic Tunisia Ecuador Paraguay Zimbabwe Algeria Vietnam Korea, Dem. Rep. Zambia Indonesia Guatemala Mozambique Sri Lanka Ghana Yemen, Rep. Angola Kenya Cambodia Sudan Myanmar Nepal Tanzania Ethiopia 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 Electricity Consumption, KWh per capita

GWhr World Electricity Production, 2014 7,000,000 6,000,000 5,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 0 China United States European Union India Russia Japan Canada Germany Brazil France South Korea United Kingdom

GWhr Per Capita Electricity Consumption, 2014 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Iceland Norway Canada United States Finland Kuwait Australia Sweden Qatar Denmark Germany Hong Kong

Electricity Imports

Electricity Exports

World Electricity Production 2012 2,101 GWhr 1971 500M GWhr 0.7 17.0 5.0 2.1 13.3 22.9 40.1 Coal & Peat Oil Natural Gas Nuclear Hydro 11.0 40.0 20.9 Other 23.0 4.0 Source: IEA

http://marketsandbeyond.blogspot.com/2011/02/case-for-uranium.html

2035 Projections IEA World Energy Outlook

World s Largest Power Plants #1 Three Gorges 22,500 MW Yangtze River China #2 Itaipu 14,000 MW Paraná River Brazil/Paraguay #3 Xiluodu 13,860 MW Jinsha River (Upper Yangtze) China www.industcards.com/top-100 www.ctgpc.com

World s Largest Power Plants NUCLEAR: Kashiwazaki-Kariwa 7,965 MW Japan COAL Taichung 5,500 MW Taiwan NATURAL GAS: Surgut-2 5,600 MW Russia

World s Largest Renewable Power Plants WIND: Gansu 5160 MW 20,000 MW Planned China SOLAR: Photo Voltaic Solar Star 579 MW Rosamond, CA GEOTHERMAL: The Geysers 750 MW (22 separate plants) Northern CA OFFSHORE WIND London Array 630 MW Kent, England

World s Largest Renewable Power Plants TIDE: Sihwa Lake South Korea 254 MW BIOFUEL: Tilbury B Essex, England 750 MW Wood Pellets WAVE: Aguçadoura Portugal 2.25 MW

Energy Poverty