Development plans of Viet Nam: Achievements, challenges and orientation to successful SDGs Prof. Dr. Nguyen The Chinh General Director of ISPONRE-Vietnam
Contents Sustainable Development Framework Achieving MDGs and challenges recognized SDGs agenda in Viet Nam possible focus
Part 1 Sustainable Development Framework
National Sustainable Development Plans Sustainable development has become a main direction of the Government of Vietnam (GoV), expressing by: - In 1992, GoV approved a National Plan for Environment and Sustainable Development 1991 2000: Framework for Action. - In 8/2004, the Strategic Orientation for Sustainable Development (Vietnam Agenda 21) was approved. It is a framework strategy, including major orientations as the legal basis for the ministries, branches, localities, organizations and individuals concerned to implement and coordinate actions to ensure sustainable development country in the 21st century. - In 2012, the Prime Minister of GoV approved Vietnam Sustainable Development Strategy in period 2011 2020 - The Socio-Economic Development Strategy (SEDS) for 2011 2020 states rapid development in close linkage with sustainable development represents an all-thru requirement in the Strategy
Agenda 21 Implementation To achieve the goals of Agenda 21, Viet Nam established an institutional framework: The National Council on Sustainable Development (NCSD) was established in September 2005 (and then strengthened in February 2009), mandated to advise the Prime Minister, to guide the implementation of the Vietnam Agenda 21 at the national scale, and to monitor and assess the implementation of sustainable development objectives in the country Sustainable Development Offices have also been set up at the ministerial and local levels (Government of Vietnam, 2012). In addition, Viet Nam has established the Vietnam Business Council on Sustainable Development (VBCSD). A Sustainable Development Office in the Ministry of Planning and Investment- MPI, which serves as the standing office of the NCSD.
Monitoring indicators to assess sustainable development Vietnam in period 2011-2020 General Indicators - Green GDP - Human Development Index (HDI) - Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI) Economic Indicators Social Indicators Environmental Indicators - Incremental Capital - Output Ratio. - The productivity of social labor. - The share contribution of total factor productivity growth in general. - Reduction of energy consumption to produce a unit of GDP. - The proportion of renewable energy in energy consumption structure. - Consumer Price Index (CPI). - The current balance. - The state budget deficit. - Liabilities of government. - Foreign liabilities. - Poverty rate. - Unemployment rate. - Percentage of trained workers - Coefficient of inequality in income distribution (Gini - The sex ratio at birth. - The number of students per 10,000 inhabitants. - The number of Internet subscribers per 100 inhabitants. - The percentage of people got social insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance. - The death toll from traffic accidents per 100,000 inhabitants. - Proportion of communes gained new rural criteria. - Forest cover. - The percentage of protected land - The area of degraded land. - Reduction of ground water and surface water. - The percentage of days with concentrations of toxic substances in the air exceeds the permitted standards. - The percentage of urban areas, industrial zones, export processing zones and industrial solid waste treatment, wastewater gained national standards or national technical regulations - The percentage of solid waste collection and treatment
Part 2 Achieving MDGs and challenges recognized
VIET NAM - 2/3 OF THE WAY ACHIEVING MDGs Goal 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger (achieved) Goal 2. Universal primary education (achieved) Goal 3. Promote gender equality and empower women (achieved) Goal 4. Reduce child mortality (achievable by 2015) Goal 5. Improve marternal health (strive to achieve by 2015) Goal 6. Combat HIV/AID, malaria and other disease (strive to achive) Goal 7. Ensure enviroment sustainability (difficult to achieve) Goal 8. Develop global partnership for development (partly achieved)
Some achieved goals Goal 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger At the national level, the goal of halving poverty has been realized, affirming the result of extraordinary efforts to reduce poverty in Vietnam Year: 1993 2002 2006 2008 2010 2012 Poverty rate (%): 58,1 28,9 16,0 14,5 14,23 17,2
Eradication of hunger Eradication of hunger is a precondition for poverty reduction, improvement of core living standard as well as political stability. Number of households and individuals who suffer from hunger
Poverty Reduction in Rural Area
Goal 2: Achieving universal primary education Vietnam has achieved universal primary education. Literacy and schooling proportions continue to increase Enrollment in primary education School Year: 2006-7 2010-111 2014-15 Net enrollment 96 97.6 99,0 rate in primary education (%)
Goal 3 Promote gender equality and empower women Vietnam has made significant achievement in promoting gender equality and empowering women Ratio of girls to Boys in Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Education 2000-2013 (%)
Goal 7 Ensure environmental sustainability (dificult to achieve) Vietnam has recorded some initial achievements. However, the goal is unlikely to achieve by 2015 given by the effects of climate change Progress on forest coverage over the years (%)
Consumption of ODS substances in Viet Nam, 2000 2012 Goal 7 cont
Challenges - Ensure sustainable development goals can be achieved for all subjects. - The impact of the financial crisis, volatile food and energy prices - Increasing impacts of climate change to Vietnam
Challenges: Population growth rate has decreased, population density is increasing 2.00 1.80 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.00 0.80 % Person/km2 280 270 260 250 240 230 220 210 200 190 180 Tốc độ tăng DS Population Growth Rate Mật Density độ Vietnam: - Population density is 5 times higher than the average world density: 55 people/km2 - Ranks the most 14th populous country and the largest population density: 40/200
Challenges: Intensities of resource uses have been increasing GDP index Water use index Energy consumption index Land use index 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Source: UNESCAP& CIEM Compared to base year of 1990, GDP growths 3,5 times, the energy consumption index increases 2 times, water consumption increases 1.8 times and land use increases over 1.5 times
Challenges: Increasing pressure on land use Change ratio of non-agricultural land with agricultural land in 2006-2013 Source: GSO Trends in land use for non-agricultural purposes has increased rapidly.
Challenges: Population growth and Exploitable timber volume 1999-2013 Million people Thousand Population Exploitable timber volume Source: GSO Exploitable timber volume is proportional to the population growth. Compared to 1999, with 76 million inhabitants, VN operates about 2,123, 000m3 wood. In 2013, the number had risen to about 5.608.000m3 wood, more than 2.5 times while the population only increased by 1.2 rolling
Part 3 SDGs agenda in Viet Nam possible focus
Research Sustainable Development Goals and Indicators for a Small Planet. Securing Means of Implementation in Viet Nam PROCESS: Team of national researchers Sectoral consultations Setting focus points: + Poverty: multidimensional poverty + Agriculture: rice production + Energy: electrification Identifying policy gaps and looking into possible actions to address it
Selected findings Need to built on MDGs agenda and looking into unfinished goals Matching as much as possible already existing programme documents Prioritizing based on already existing programmes
Possible Implementation Mechanisms for Poverty Viet Nam could reduce social inequality and progress in poverty reduction by implementing policies based on the multidimensional poverty standard: - First, classification of policy objectives and beneficiaries must be based on monetary and multidimensional poverty indicators. - Second, periodic figures on multidimensional poverty could be published centrally by the General Statistics Office. After categorising the poor, policies could be more precise and clear, with sound budget allocation and varying levels of support. Policies on poverty reduction should have less overlap, by targeting particular groups of the poor.
Possible Implementation Mechanisms for Rice Production Viet Nam can maintain its food security well: Rice land should be kept in healthy condition and managed by large-scale growers. The government could establish more flexible land use arrangements, agricultural diversification. The effort to promote good farming practices in the rice sector could initially concentrate in the core rice belt Establishing a farm monitoring system for rice growers would be needed in order to ensure regular data collection and analysis on a broad range of factors relevant to sustainability.
Possible Implementation Mechanisms Electrification Policies promoting electrification should include a development strategy with realistic action plans, transparent electricity pricing and financing policies. The involvement of international partners helps not only with securing funding but also with access to technical expertise on the management of rural electrification programmes. Public-private partnership schemes may be of use. They can offer lower tariffs of electricity, make project setup and implementation more efficient, and ensure the operation of rural electricity systems remain economically viable Local banks and microfinance institutions can also offer preferential micro-credits to rural villagers to pay for electricity services and to initiate or expand their productive activities.
Proposing orientation for VSDGs implementation Developing sustainable development objectives consistent with the social economic context of Vietnam (VSDGs) and implement the action program for our own VSDGs Continue to implement measures issued by GoV, which should be integrated comprehensive strategic objectives into economic development plans at all levels. Promoting enforcement systems to effective implement SDGs Implementation of the SDGs will require efforts of multiple stakeholders at different governance levels
Proposing orientation for VSDGs implementation (Cont ) Integrating poverty issues and environmental protection to create a livelihood for poor people in remote areas and remote areas, in areas vulnerable... associated with the protection and preservation of ecosystems, strengthen ecosystem resilience. Promoting transformation of growth models, restructuring the economy towards green growth and sustainable development;
Can Gio Mangrove-HCM City Before 1975 After 1990
Thanh Chuong District-Nghe An Province Before 2007 After 2010
Coal Mining Expoitation in Quang Ninh Province
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! ntchinh@isponre.gov.vn