Industrial Hygiene 101: Understand the Fundamentals and Improve Your EHS Program Presented by: Kevin Slates Ed.D., MPA, BS, CSP Indiana University Monday, May 13, 2013 1:30 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. Eastern 12:30 p.m. to 2:00 p.m. Central 11:30 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. Mountain 10:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Pacific www.blr.com or www.hrhero.com For CD and other purchasing information, contact customer service at: 800-274-6774 or E-mail: custserv@blr.com 2013 BLR and HR Hero Business & Legal Resources and HR Hero. All rights reserved. These materials may not be reproduced in part or in whole by any process without written permission. This webinar qualifies for Continuance of Certification (COC) credit. CSPs will earn 0.075 COC points for attending this webinar.
Industrial Hygiene 101: Understand the Fundamentals and Improve Your EHS Program Presented by: Kevin Slates Ed.D., MPA, BS, CSP May 13, 2013 INTRODUCTIONS Kevin Slates, Ed.D., MPA, BS, CSP Indiana University Clinical Assistant Professor kslates@indiana.edu Kentucky Occupational Health Program
Which Industry Do You Work In? Manufacturing Transportation Warehouse and distribution Education Government Oil and gas Healthcare Loss control Biotech Chemical processing Does Your Job Function Involve Industrial Hygiene, Safety or Environmental? Technician Specialist Supervisor Consultant Manager Director Corporate Development, implementation, evaluation or policies, and programs Determine effectiveness
Learning Objectives 1. Describe ways to improve your EHS system 2. Identify major government agencies, regulations related to industrial hygiene 3. Discuss major occupational exposure limits 4. Identify methods to assess health related hazards 5. Describe methods and strategies to control industrial hygiene related hazards The Industrial Hygienist is concerned with the identification, evaluation, and control of environmental workplace stressors such as physical, chemical and biological hazards. Industrial hygiene is both an art and science
How Many Work Related Deaths Occurred in the U.S. (2012) A. 10,000 B. 3,000 C. 4,600 D. 1,500 Source: BLS How Many Occupational Health related Deaths Occurred in the 2012? A. 3,000 B. 10,000 C. 7,000 D. 50,000 Under reporting Source: CDC
Integrate Industrial Hygiene Into Your EHS System Engineering Quality Data management Product life cycle Training Compliance Hazard tracking system Management commitment Hazard Assessment Techniques Job Hazard Analysis JHA Fault Tree Analysis FTA Energy trace barrier analysis ETBA Preliminary Hazard Assessment PHA Management Oversight Risk Tree MORT Failure Mode Effect Analysis FMEA
Accident Causation Operational Behavioral Cultural Product or Process Life Cycle (Slates, 2011). Concepts design Wear out Operational
Closed Loop Hazard Tracking System (Slates, 2011) Hazard Identification Communicate to Employees Hazard Control Reevaluate Control Effectiveness Regulatory Agencies & Organizations 1. OSHA Act 1970 2. American Conference of governmental Industrial Hygienists 1968 3. OSHA promulgates and enforces regulations 4. NIOSH conducts research 5. OSHRC adjudicate and interprets regulations 6. General Duty Clause 5 (a) 1.
Many OSHA standards were adopted from National Consensus Standards ANSI ACGIH NFPA Occupational Exposure limits OSHA permissible exposure limits PELs were adopted from ACGIH 1968 TLVs ACGIH TVLs and OSHA PELs are based on 8 hr day 40 hour week Short term exposure 15 minutes Ceiling level instantaneous exposure measurement
Air Contaminates & Toxic Substances 29 CFR 1910.1000 Asbestos Lead Benzene Carbon monoxide Cadmium Hexavalent chrome Acetone Formaldehyde 8 TWA Calculation Two hours exposure at 150 ppm Two hours exposure at 75 ppm Four hours exposure at 50 ppm Substituting this information in the formula, we have (2 150 + 2 75 + 4 50) 8 = 81.25 ppm Since 81.25 ppm is less than 100 ppm, the 8-hour time weighted average limit, the exposure is acceptable.
Exposure Limits Considerations Are OSHA exposure limits updated annually? Will OSHA exposure limits protect 100% of the working population exposed? ACGIH TLVs are updated annually Exposure limits do not take into account the synergetic effects of the exposure to multiple chemicals Understanding human health Why is it important to have a basic understanding of the various components of the human anatomy? Usually the industrial hygienist is concerned with the evaluation of the problem from the heath perspective.
Health Related Standards Noise and hearing conservation Process safety management Bloodborne pathogens Respiratory protection Laboratory safety Indoor air quality Personal protective equipment Ergonomics Confined space Flammable and combustible substances Types of Air Contaminates Fume Mists Vapor Dust Smoke gases
Routes of entry What are the 3 major routes of employee exposure? 1. Inhalation 2. Absorption 3. Ingestion Globally Harmonized System Revision of the current hazard communication standard 29 CFR 1910.1200 Should improve comprehensibility and facilitate compliance
Major Change in Approach Labeling provisions are the biggest difference between HCS and GHS Specific approach will require all labels to be modified to comply GHS Workshop, 10/20/2006 Safety Data Sheets HCS allows any order of information Consistent with industry approaches in ANSI and ISO Should improve comprehensibility and help with issues regarding accuracy of the information GHS Workshop, 10/20/2006
Hazard Warning Labels: HMIS & NFPA Dose Response Curve
Health Effects 1. Acute 2. Sub chronic 3. Chronic Organs 1. The respiratory system 2. The skin 3. The ear Inhalation Health Hazards Welding fumes Asbestosis Biological Benzene Coal dust solvent vapors Formaldehyde Carbon monoxide Lead Arsenic Lung disease Silicosis Asbestosis Metal fume fever Bronchitis Asthma Emphysema Cancer
Major section of the Lungs 1. Nasal pharyngeal 2. Bronchial 3. Pulmonary alveoli The Ear Decibel 90 dba PEL 85 dba Action level
Noise Evaluation Methods 1. Sound level meter 2. Dosimeter 3. Octave band analyzer Understanding radiation Radiation is a form of energy All forms of radiation exist as a phenomenon known as electromagnetic spectrum Please note that the shorter the wavelength the more ionizing the radiation becomes
Radiation Radiation is a means of propagating energy. Type types Ionizing radiation > 10 electron volts Non ionization radiation Lasers Alpha Beta X rays Control Distance Shielding Radio active decay (time)
Bloodborne pathogens standard 1910.1030 1. Engineering controls 2. Work practices controls 3. PPE 4. Labeling requirements 5. Employee training and education 6. Needle stick prevention PPE 1910.132 General Requirements Personal protective equipment PPE hazard assessment Eyes Face Hand PPE certification
What is Meant by the Term Permeation Rate? Permeation rate is the rate at which the chemical will move through the material As a rule of thumb, the denser the materials the lower the dexterity. 15% of the population is allergic to latex
Lab Hazards Flammable and combustibles Toxic and hazardous substances Heavy metals VOCs Fire prevention Explosions Spill prevention Fume hood capture velocities Emergency action plan Chemical storage PPE Compressed gas cylinders Chemical Hygiene Plan More than 500,000 workers are employed in laboratories in the U.S. The laboratory environment can be a hazardous place to work. Laboratory workers are exposed to numerous potential hazards including chemical, biological, physical and radioactive hazards, as well as musculoskeletal stresses.
Personal Air Monitoring Carcinogens Mutagens Teratogens Chemical standards Do Quality Control Labs Have to Comply with the CHP? Laboratories that conduct research and development and related analytical work are subject to the requirements of the Laboratory Standard
What is a Laboratory Laboratory means a facility where the "laboratory use of hazardous chemicals" occurs. It is a workplace where relatively small quantities of hazardous chemicals are used on a nonproduction basis What is a CHP The CHP is a written program stating the policies, procedures and responsibilities that protect workers from the health hazards associated with the hazardous chemicals used in that particular workplace
1910.1450 How often should employers review and evaluate the effectiveness of the CHP? Written Policies and Procedures 1. Use of containment devices such as fume hoods. 2. Procedures for removal of contaminated waste. 3. Decontamination procedures. 4. Spill prevention procedures
Who Often Should Showers be Tested? Although the term "routine" does not indicate a specific frequency, it does mean that the inspections should be performed at regular intervals which are determined by someone familiar with the equipment and the work environment. Respiratory protection 1910.134 Types of respirators air purifying and air supplying Major elements of a respiratory program Program administrator Initial monitoring Medical evaluation Respiratory selection Fit testing Care, maintenance and use Training Program evaluation
Fume Hood Safety A laboratory fume hood is a three-sided enclosure with an adjustable front opening. It is designed to capture, contain, and exhaust hazardous fumes generated inside its enclosure. ANSI NFPA ACGIH ASHRAE
Fume Hood Requirements A laboratory fume hood is a three-sided enclosure with an adjustable front opening. Inspection Filters, negative pressure ASHRAE 110-1995 ANSI Z9.5-1992 Sect 5 It is designed to capture, contain, and Air velocity at the hood exhaust hazardous face must average 100 - fumes generated inside 120 linear feet per minute its enclosure. Sampling Methodology Chemical exposure limits Chemical or substance health effects Analytical methods OSHA and NIOSH sampling methodologies Media Air sampling equipment Flow rates and volumes
Air Sampling and Monitoring 3 Types of Sampling 1. Short term: hand held sampling pumps, direct reading instruments, and colorimetric tubes 2. Long term: personal sampling pumps, long term, tubes and filters 3. Passive samplers: indicator badges
Short Term Sampling Used to establish a short term or snap shot assessment of the level of air contamination at the time the sample was taken. Measures contamination levels only at the time and location they were taken and do no provide a comprehensive analysis of the true exposure risk for the overall environment. Long Term Sampling Continuous long term sampling can be conducted using portable battery operated sampling pumps. Sampling pumps draw air thru sampling media at a continuous rate for a set period of time that may be eight hours or more.
Long Term Sampling Once the sampling is complete the collected sample can be examined under laboratory conditions. The laboratory will analyze the trapped material on the media and determine concentration and employee exposure can be calculated based on an 8 hour work shift. Passive Sampling 3. Passive samplers: indicator badges are worn by employees in the work area. These badges, known as passive samplers, either change color on exposure to a particular substance or can be subsequently analyzed in a laboratory. Accuracy + 25% Diffusion
Challenges & Recommendations What role does organizational safety culture play Nano technology Research funding sources Accountability Written protocols Document and conduct formal training Document and communicate near misses Do not relay on chemical manufactures recommendations. Make site specific requirements for the use of chemicals Thank You! Thank you for participating in the Understanding Industrial Hygiene 101 Webinar. Contact: Kevin Slates, Ed.D., CSP Assistant Professor Kslates@indiana.edu (812) 856-3766
References Requited text: Vincoli, W. Jeffery, Basic Guide to Industrial Hygiene, John Willey & Sons, Inc.: Toronto, 1995. http://www.iub.edu/~osh/index.html IU industrial hygiene laboratory. Retrieved June 26, 2012. www.osha.gov retrieved May 2012 http://www.csb.gov/videoroom/detail.aspx?vid=61 Chemical Safety Board case study video retrieved June 12, 2012. Questions
Disclaimers *This webinar is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information about the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. *This webinar provides general information only and does not constitute legal advice. No attorney-client relationship has been created. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. We recommend that you consult with qualified local counsel familiar with your specific situation before taking any action.
Speaker Biography Kevin Slates Kevin Slates, Ed.D., MPA, BS, CSP is a Clinical Assistant Professor in the department of Applied Health Science at Indiana University. He is also Director of the Industrial hygiene lab at the university. He teaches graduate and undergraduate courses safety, industrial hygiene and environmental health. His research interests include program evaluation, EHS management systems, safety culture, health disparities and exposure assessment. Slates experience includes working for the Kentucky Occupational Safety Health Program and the Environmental Public Protection Cabinet as a manager, consultant and inspector. His dissertation examined safety performance metrics and government VPP partnership programs. Slates holds a B.S. in Biology and Chemistry from Eastern Kentucky University, a M.P.A, in Public Administration from Kentucky State University and Doctorate in Education from Spalding University. He is a Certified Safety Professional and authorized OSHA outreach general industry and construction trainer. He is also an active member of AIHA and ASSE.