ECOWAS Regional Bioenergy Forum Bamako, Mali: 19-22 March 2012 Current use of Traditional Biomass in the ECOWAS and scenarios for Developing Access to Modern Bioenergy By Bah F M Saho Renewable Energy Expert ECREEE
Presentation outline 1. Introduction: Energy Challenges in the ECOWAS Region 2. Current Biomass Services and Impacts 3. CREEE and Services 4. ECREEE Sustainable Bioenergy programmes 5. Profile of Programmes 4/5/2012 www.ecreee.org 2
THE ECOWAS REGION 15 COUNTRIES WITH A LAND AREA OF 5 MILLION M 2 CLIMATE FROM SEMI-ARID TO HUMID TROPICAL POPULATION OF WITH 300 MILLION PEOPLE, 60% OF POPULATION LIVES IN RURAL AREAS 11 OF THE 15 COUNTRIES ARE LDCS AND HIPIC ALMOST 150 MILLION PEOPLE HAVE NO ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY
Energy Situation: Interrelated challenges of energy poverty due to lack of it and productive use energy security and climate change: actions for mitigation and adaptation 4/5/2012 www.ecreee.org 4
ECOWAS Energy Potential The Region has enormous energy potential 30% of Africa s proven recoverable crude oil reserves (3,017 Million tonnes) 31% of African natural gas reserves proved recoverable (3,581 Million m 3 ) Renewable Energy Resources: solar, wind (5-6 m/s), bioenergy and small hydro (>23 MW, potential, only 16% exploited) Energy Efficiency potential
Biomass potential Enormous biomass potential? 2006 Niger Fuelwood 95% 5.8%, 22.0%, 532.8to 2,015.3 e toe Fuelwood 72% Ghana 2008 72.2%, 6,600toe Charbon de bois 2% Charbon Minéral carb < 1% Petroleum 17.70% Electricity 1.33% The Gambia: 2008 Electricité 1% LPG 0.27% Renewable Pétrole lampant 0.02% Résidus agricoles 1% Déchets animaux 1% GPL < 1% Fuelwood 78% 4/5/2012 www.ecreee.org 6 < 1%
Energy Balance/Characteristic Rural Urban Traditional Biomass currently 70%+ of total energy consumed in Africa 80% households currently depend on biomass 4/5/2012 www.ecreee.org 7
Heavy Biomass Use: Factors No Policy in most countries - adhoc No effective tool for sustainable planning Rush for biofuels (2007 onwards) leading to competition for land dedicated food No effective and sustainable Forest mgt Increased live tree cutting & bush fire Open forests, no ownership Efficient cook stoves, LPG and clean fuels: Some improvements in consumption Population increase- gains eroded Alternatives to traditional Biomass not competitive 4/5/2012 www.ecreee.org 8
Impacts of Traditional Biomass Use Deforestation and drought affects agriculture & Productivity and hence food security GHG emission/indoor air pollution, especially the women & girl child health related problems Time factor for wood collection effects on No/little time for women for productive services Children (girl child) useful time spent on domestic chores Educational carrier suffers 4/5/2012 www.ecreee.org 9
Impacts of Traditional Biomass Use The status-quo (BAU) remains Heavy dependence on wood Resources no innovation to add value to improve lives, biofuels for export???? no economic activity, no jobs and no income (esp rural areas) poverty sustained/increased some farmers loose land Rural/urban drift exerting pressure on urban amenities 4/5/2012 www.ecreee.org 10
Establishment of ECREEE The Ouagadougou Declaration from 12 November 2007 highlighted the need for a regional RE&EE Centre Foundation laid by Regulation C/REG.23/11/08 of the 61st Session of ECOWAS Council of Ministers in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, on November 23, 2008 Launch of the ECREEE preparatory phase in November 2009 with support of the ECOWAS Commission in collaboration and support from the core donors: 4/5/2012 www.ecreee.org 11
ECREEE objectives & activities Overall Objective To contribute to the sustainable economic, social and environmental development of West Africa by improving access to modern, reliable and affordable energy services, energy security and reduction of energy related GHG emissions and climate change impacts on the energy systems; 4/5/2012 www.ecreee.org 12
ECREEE objectives & activities Specific Objective Creation of favorable framework conditions and an enabling environment for RE&EE markets by supporting activities directed to mitigate existing barriers; 4/5/2012 www.ecreee.org 13
ECREEE objectives ECREEE Mandated to: Lead and coordinate the implementation of the ECOWAS/UEMOA regional action plan and White Paper on energy access by promoting RE&EE technologies and services; Coordination, implementation and fund mobilization for targeted programmes and projects in cooperation with national focal points, international organizations and private sector: 4/5/2012 www.ecreee.org 14
ECREEE- Since Establishment Official Inauguration, first Executive Board meeting and launch of the ECREEE operational phase on 6 th July 2010 Implementation of the 2011 Work Plan progressing and nomination of the National Focal Institutions of ECREEE Held successful Regional workshops to map out Road Maps on Solar and Renewable Energy Capacity Building workshops were also held for transfer of skills 4/5/2012 www.ecreee.org 15
ECREEE Activities ECREEE Key Activities: Tailored policy, legal and regulatory frameworks and quality standards Capacity building of key groups of different sectors Advocacy, awareness raising, knowledge management and networking Execution of renewable energy and energy efficiency programs and projects for regional scaling up; and Fund mobilization and Investment 4/5/2012 www.ecreee.org 16
Core Donors New Entrants Those who have shown intent Technical Partners
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Priority Programs Result Area: Legal Frameworks and Policies ECOWAS Regional Renewable Energy Policy & Energy Efficiency White Paper to be adopted by the ECOWAS Ministers in 2012: GBEP Sustainability Indicators/DST on Bioenergy (UNEP/FAO) very important tools for guidance Result Area: Capacity Development Regional RE&EE Capacity Development Programme targeted at different stakeholders and areas (e.g. technical experts, policy experts, banks and financiers, SMEs) www.ecreee.org 20
Priority Programs Result Area: Knowledge Management ECOWAS Observatory for Investments in Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency: www.energyobservatory.org regional wind, solar, SHP and bioenergy crops assessments; Regional RE&EE awareness raising campaigns Think-tank, lobbying agent, knowledge and advisory platform Result Area: Investment and Business Promotion ECOWAS Renewable Energy Facility (EREF): Currently implementation of the first call for proposals (165 received www.ecreee.org proposals) 21
Priority Programs Result Area: Investment and Business Promotion (contd.) ECOWAS RE Investment and Business Initiative: annual forum facilitating funding and investment for RE&EE within the region; KFW hosts 2012 meeting; Promoting demonstration projects for regional scaling up particularly by the private sector www.ecreee.org 22
SCOPE of Intervention To Roll out Sustainable Bioenergy Services within the Region for socio-economic transformation, the following fundamental actions are envisaged: Massive information and sensitization campaign Relevant and adequate policy frameworks Capacity development across the board Resource assessment and mapping Networking and knowledgement Demonstration projects for regional scaling up; Investment and fund mobilization www.ecreee.org 23
BIOENERGY & ACCESS Residue/Waste From Increased Food Production Sugar cane, soya beans, cashew, cassava, palm oil Biogas, briquettes, Biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel ) Municipal & agro-industrial Residue/Waste MSW, Sewage, saw dust, g/nuts, cotton, etc Biogas, briquettes, Bioelectricity,
BIOENERGY & ACCESS Sustainable Forest Management for Increased Wood and Charcoal Supply Reforestation, Woodlots, Agro-forestry, etc Bioenergy Crops: Non-Food Based and From Agreed Allocations (Not for food, BD, etc) Miscanthus, Jatropha, jojoba, Sweet grass, Alga Bioelectricity, pallets, Biogas and Biofuels
BIOENERGY & ACCESS Efficiency in production and use of Bioenergy Cookstoves, Efficient fuels, Charcoal prod, etc Energy Efficiency is key in freeing Energy for other users to access- save expenditure 2-liter Re-cycled bottle Original bottle
Obrigado! Merci! Thank You!