Operational Level Responders Shall: P R O G R A M G O A L S Analyze the Incident Survey the scene Collect hazard and response information Understand the behavior of the hazardous materials involved. 2 Operational Level Responders Shall: P R O G R A M G O A L S Plan & Implement a Response Plan the response Implement the response Evaluate the effectiveness of the response. 3 1
Hazardous Materials Operational C O U R S E S E C T I O N S I. Introduction to Hazmat Operational I. Analyzing the Incident II. Planning & Implementing the Response III. Hazmat Operational Review. 4 Operational Level Responsibilities Intro to Hazmat Operational Operational level first responders are expected to respond to an incident in order to protect people, the environment, and property from the effects of a hazmat release. This response is conducted in a defensive fashion to control the release from a safe distance and prevent it from spreading. 6 2
Why Train to the Hazmat Operational Level? Intro to Hazmat Operational Hazardous materials are used in, or transported through every community Prevent unnecessary and potentially dangerous exposures to hazardous materials Required by OSHA 1910.120 for responders performing defensive operations at hazardous materials incidents. 7 Operational Level Responsibilities Intro to Hazmat Operational Determine the Problem Develop a Defense Implement the Response 8 Operational Level Responsibilities Intro to Hazmat Operational Determine the Problem Secure the area and deny entry Observe conditions Survey containers Estimate extent of the release Gather pertinent information Attempt to predict course of the material Estimate potential harm. 9 3
Operational Level Responsibilities Intro to Hazmat Operational Develop a defense Initiate and maintain scene control Utilize the incident management system Determine response objectives and defensive goals Choose personal protective equipment. 10 Operational Level Responsibilities Intro to Hazmat Operational Implement the response Perform defensive operations Evaluate the effectiveness of the response Decontaminate responders Terminate the response. 11 Definitions Intro to Hazmat Operational HAZARDOUS MATERIAL Any substance or material, including a hazardous substance, which is capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported in commerce, and which has been so designated. 12 4
Definitions Intro to Hazmat Operational HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE Substances designated under the Clean Water Act and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act as posing a threat to waterways and the environment if released. 13 Definitions Intro to Hazmat Operational HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL Any chemical which is a physical or health hazard. 14 Definitions Intro to Hazmat Operational EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE Any chemical that must be reported to the appropriate authorities if released above the threshold reporting quantity. 15 5
Definitions Intro to Hazmat Operational DANGEROUS GOODS Any product, substance, or organism included by its nature or by the regulation in any of the classes listed on the schedule. 16 Definitions Intro to Hazmat Operational HAZARDOUS WASTE Any material that is subject to the Hazardous Waste Manifest requirements of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency specified in 40 CFR, part 262. 17 6
Surveying the Scene O B J E C T I V E Given examples of facility and transportation scenarios, the responder shall survey the incident to identify the containers and materials involved, determine the extent of release, and evaluate surrounding conditions. 19 Scene Conditions O B J E C T I V E Identify the conditions that should be noted when surveying the scene of a hazardous materials incident 21 7
Observe the Scene Scene Conditions What type of container is involved? Rail car Highway cargo tanks/trailers Intermodel container Fixed facility tanks How big is the container? Small cardboard box 50,000 gallon fixed facility tank 22 Observe the Scene Scene Conditions Is the container marked? DOT placards UN/NA numbers NFPA 704 symbol Product name and ID numbers What is the physical state of the material? Solid Liquid Gas 23 Observe the Scene Scene Conditions How badly is the container damaged? Large tear Small hole Broken piping or valve How long has the container been leaking? A few minutes Several hours 24 8
Observe the Scene Scene Conditions Is the container on fire? Is extinguishment necessary? Is it safer to let the material burn off? Are there any injuries involved? Minor Contaminated victim who needs emergency decon 25 Observe the Scene Scene Conditions What is the topography like? Flat Hills How is the land used? Industrial Farm Highway Residential 26 Observe the Scene Scene Conditions How accessible is the release? Will response personnel and vehicles have direct access to the scene? What are the weather conditions? Temperature Precipitation Wind speed and direction 27 9
Observe the Scene Scene Conditions Are there bodies of water nearby? Reservoirs Lakes or ponds Rivers or streams What are the public exposure risks? Release in an urban area Release on a rural highway 28 Observe the Scene Scene Conditions What types of utilities are in the area? Above grade wires and pipelines Below grade wires and pipelines Are there storm or sewer drains nearby? How close is the product to flowing down the drains? 29 Observe the Scene Scene Conditions Do potential ignition sources exist? Lighting equipment Chemical reactions Electric motors and controllers Open flames Cutting or welding operations Smoking materials Portable heating equipment. 30 10
Observe the Scene Scene Conditions Is the incident inside a structure? People inside the building Floor drains HVAC ducts Inability to disperse vapors. 31 Confirming the Information Gathered Scene Conditions Consult someone with knowledge of the product or incident DOT Emergency Response Guidebook Material Safety Data Sheets Shipping papers CHEMTREC/CANUTEC 32 11
Facility & Transportation Markings O B J E C T I V E S Identify the following hazmat markings: UN/NA ID numbers NFPA 704 marking system DOT placards Special hazard communications Pipeline markings Container markings. 34 Facility & Transportation Markings O B J E C T I V E S Identify and describe the colors, numbers, and special symbols on the NFPA 704 marking system Identify and describe the information represented by a DOT placard s colors, numbers, and symbols. 35 DOT Placards Facility & Transportation Markings Hazard Class Symbol Colored Background Hazard Class Designation Or Four-digit Identification Number United Nations Hazard Class Number 36 12
NFPA 704 System Facility & Transportation Markings Fire Hazard Health Hazard 2 4 W 3 Reactivity Special Precautions 37 Pipeline Markings Facility & Transportation Markings Required to display: Contents of the pipeline Signal word: Caution, Warning, Danger Operator of the pipeline Emergency contact telephone number. 38 Pesticide Labels Facility & Transportation Markings Contains the following: Name of the pesticide Signal word Precautionary statement Hazard statement Active ingredients EPA registration number. 39 13
Pesticide Labels Facility & Transportation Markings Signal words: Danger/Poison - Highly toxic materials Warning - Moderately toxic Caution - Relatively low toxicity Precautionary statements: Keep from waterways Keep out of reach of children. 40 Pesticide Labels Facility & Transportation Markings Hazard statement: Extremely Flammable Flash point below 80 F Ingredient statement: Active ingredients are listed by chemical name and percentage. 41 Pesticide Labels Facility & Transportation Markings EPA Registration Number 12345-6789-11 42 14
Pesticide Labels Facility & Transportation Markings Warnings and Active Ingredients EPA Registration Numbers 43 Highway Cargo Tank Markings Facility & Transportation Markings Metal Certification Plate Shipper s ID Number DOT Placards 44 Rail Transport Tank Car Markings Facility & Transportation Markings Names & numbers to identify material and shipper Placards 45 15
Intermodal Container Markings Facility & Transportation Markings Must be placarded in accordance with DOT specifications for hazardous materials Additional markings can be found on the tank or tank frame This information can be used with shipping papers to identify the material 46 Intermodal Container Markings Facility & Transportation Markings Metal certification plate with serial # Shipper s ID # Placards or labels 47 Fixed Facility Container Markings Facility & Transportation Markings Product name may be on tank NFPA 704 symbol Tank or site ID numbers 48 16
O B J E C T I V E S Identify typical container shapes that indicate hazardous materials Highway cargo tanks Railway cargo tanks Intermodal containers Fixed facility tanks Bulk and non-bulk packaging. 50 Non-Pressure Carrier MC-306 (DOT-406) Spill Rail Along Top Oval Cross Section 51 17
Non-Pressure Carrier MC-306 (DOT-406) Up to 3 psi operating pressure Capacity up to 9,000 gallons Typically used to transport: Fuel oil Alcohol Other flammable/combustible liquids Class B poisons. 52 Low Pressure Carrier MC-307 (DOT-407) Overturn Protection Round Cross Section 53 Low Pressure Carrier MC-307 (DOT-407) Horseshoe Shaped Cross Section 54 18
Low Pressure Carrier MC-307 (DOT-407) 25-40 psi operating pressure Capacity of 6,000 to 7,000 gallons Typically used to transport: Flammable and combustible liquids Poisons Many other chemicals. 55 Corrosive Liquid Carrier MC-312 (DOT-412) External Stiffening Rings Overturn Protection 56 Corrosive Liquid Carrier MC-312 (DOT-412) Less than 75 psi operating pressure Typical max capacity of 6,000 gallons Typically used to transport: Corrosive liquids Typically acids. 57 19
Corrosive Liquid Carrier MC-312 (DOT-412) 58 High Pressure Carrier MC-331 Rounded Ends 59 High Pressure Carrier MC-331 100 to 500 psi operating pressure Max capacity of up to 11,500 gallons Typically used to transport: Pressurized gases and liquids Anhydrous ammonia Propane and butane Other gases that have been liquefied under pressure. 60 20
Cryogenic Liquid Carrier MC-338 Enclosed Loading/ Unloading Valves 61 Cryogenic Liquid Carrier MC-338 Less than 22 psi operating pressure Typically used to transport: Liquid oxygen Liquid hydrogen Liquid carbon dioxide Liquid nitrogen Other gases that have been liquefied by lowering their temperatures. 62 Compressed Gas Trailer Steel Cylinders Banded Together Protected Valves 63 21
Compressed Gas Trailer 3,000 to 5,000 psi operating pressure Typically used to transport: Compressed gases Oxygen Nitrogen Hydrogen. 64 Dry Bulk Carrier V-Shaped Unloading Compartments 65 Dry Bulk Carrier Less than 22 psi operating pressure Typically used to transport: Calcium carbide Oxidizers Corrosive solids Cement Plastic pellets Fertilizers. 66 22
Pressure Tank Railcar Protective Housing Rounded Tank Ends 67 Pressure Tank Railcar Operating pressures of 100 to 600 psi Capacities range from 4,000 to 45,000 gallons Typically used to transport: Flammable liquids Non-flammable liquids Poisonous gases. 68 Non-Pressure Tank Railcar Flat or Nearly Flat Ends 69 23
Non-Pressure Tank Railcar Operating pressures of 35 to 100 psi Capacities range from 4,000 to 45,000 gallons Older cars generally have an expansion dome and visible fittings Newer cars generally do not have an expansion dome and visible fittings. 70 Non-Pressure Tank Railcar Also referred to as General Service tank cars Typically used to transport: Flammable/combustible liquids Molten solids Some liquefied gases. 71 Cryogenic-Liquid Tank Railcar Note Lack of Fittings on Top of Car Picture courtesy of Tim Frederick 72 24
Cryogenic-Liquid Tank Railcar Operating pressures of 25 psi or lower Typically used to transport: Cryogenic liquid oxygen Cryogenic liquid hydrogen Cryogenic liquid nitrogen. 73 Dry Bulk Railcar Product Discharge Outlets 74 Dry Bulk Railcar Air pressure is used to offload the product Typically used to transport: Ammonium nitrate fertilizer Dry caustic soda Plastic pellets. 75 25
Box Railcars 76 Box Railcars Material identification is typically not possible by the car s appearance Refrigeration and heating systems may pose a hazard Look for hazard placards. 77 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LOCATIONS 26
Hazardous Materials Locations Production Storage Transportation Use Production Facilities Water Treatment Facilities 27
Warehouses Tank Farms Tank Farms 28
Transportation Use of Hazardous Materials Other Locations & Occupancies Containing Hazardous Materials Hospitals Schools Laboratories Truck terminals Airports Ports and Docks Rivers and Lakes Lawn Care Facilities Garden Centers Agricultural Suppliers Auto Repair Shops Clandestine Drug Labs Your Home, Garage and Hobbies NFPA Objective 2-2.1.5 29
Given examples of various hazardous materials containers, identify the general shapes of containers for liquids, gases, and solids. NFPA Objective 3-2.1.1 Containers Non-bulk Shipping Containers Liquids with an internal volume <118.9 gal Solids with a capacity <881.8 lbs Compressed Gas with a water capacity less than 1000 lbs NFPA Objective 3-2.1.1 Pressurized Storage Vessels Pressures between 100 and 500 psi Capacity of up to 600,000 gallons Typical Contents: LP gases Vinyl chloride High Pressure Spherical Storage Tank 90 30
Pressurized Storage Vessels High Pressure Horizontal Tank Pressures of 100-500 psi Size dependent on the occupancy, from 1,000-30,000+ gallons Typical Contents: LP gases Anhydrous ammonia Vinyl chloride High vapor pressure flammable liquids. 91 Cryogenic Storage Tank Pressures up to 250 psi Cryogenic Liquid Storage Tank Capacities up to 1,000 gallons at fixed facilities Typical Contents: Liquid oxygen Liquid carbon dioxide Liquid nitrogen 92 Atmospheric & Low Pressure Liquid Tanks Stores flammable liquids Open Floating Roof Tank with Geodesic Dome 93 31
Atmospheric & Low Pressure Liquid Tanks Operating pressure of 2.5 to 15 psi Dome Roof Tank Stores flammable and combustible liquids, fertilizers, chemical solvents, etc. 94 Atmospheric & Low Pressure Liquid Tanks Covered Floating Roof Tank Stores flammable, combustible and corrosive liquids 95 Atmospheric & Low Pressure Liquid Tanks Horizontal Tank Stores flammable and combustible liquids, corrosives and poisons 96 32
Non-Bulk Containers Bags Non-Bulk Bags may contain: Fertilizers, pesticides and caustic powders 97 Non-Bulk Containers Boxes may contain: Liquids Solids Radioactive materials etc. Fiberboard Box 98 Non-Bulk Containers Drums may contain: Poisons, flammable solvents, caustic powders, corrosive liquids, radioactive materials, etc. Closed Head Metal Drum Used for liquids and solids 99 33
Non-Bulk Containers Closed Head Plastic Drum Fiber Drum 100 Non-Bulk Containers Made of either glass or plastic and are designed to hold liquids Range in size to over 20 gallons May contain: Water, caustics, acids Carboy 101 Non-Bulk Containers Found in a variety of sizes May contain: Pressurized gases like LPG, chlorine, acetylene and oxygen Compressed Gas Cylinders 102 34
Bulk Packaging Capacity of 300 to 400 gallons May contain: Flammable solvents, liquid fertilizers, and water treatment chemicals Portable Tanks 103 Bulk Packaging Portable Tanks 104 Bulk Packaging Capacities from 500 to 5,000 lbs Bulk Bags May contain: Solid materials such as pesticides and fertilizers 105 35
Bulk Packaging Ton Container Transports one ton of material Transported on railcars and trucks Contains liquefied gases Chlorine, phosgene and sulfur dioxide 106 Radioactive Packaging Type A packaging Lead shielded fiberboard boxes Type B packaging Drums or vaults made of wood, steel or concrete 107 Intermodal Containers Consists of a tank container which is placed in a frame Protects the container Allows for easy stacking, lifting and securing The frame can be of two types Box type Beam type. 108 36
Intermodal Containers Box Type Intermodal 109 Intermodal Containers Termed intermodals because they can be used on ships, railways or highways Used to transport the same types of products as rail and highway containers They can be pressurized or nonpressurized. 110 Intermodal Containers Non-Pressurized (IM-101) Maximum capacity of 6,300 gallons Operating pressures of 25.4 to 100 psi Carries products such as: Nonflammable liquids Mild corrosives Foods Miscellaneous other products 111 37
Intermodal Containers Non-Pressurized (IM-102) Maximum capacity of 6,300 gallons Operating pressures of 14.5 to 25.4 psi Carries products such as Flammable materials Corrosives Miscellaneous industrial materials 112 Intermodal Containers Pressurized (Spec-51) Maximum capacity of 5,500 gallons Operating pressures of 100 to 500 psi Carries products such as: Liquefied gases LPG Anhydrous ammonia Bromine 113 Intermodal Containers Specialized tanks Maximum capacity and operating pressures vary Carries products such as: Cryogenic liquids (IMO type 7) High pressure gases (Tube module) 114 38
Hazard & Response Information Collection O B J E C T I V E When given the identity of a hazardous material, the operational level first responder shall be able to collect hazard and response information utilizing material safety data sheets, CHEMTREC, container markings and by contacting the shipper/manufacturer. 115 Placards Location Size Color UN Number Image Classification 39
DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions O B J E C T I V E S Identify U.S. and Canadian placards that indicate the presence of hazardous materials Identify the DOT hazard classes and divisions assigned to hazardous materials. 118 DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions O B J E C T I V E S List common examples of materials in each DOT hazard class and division Identify the primary hazards associated with each of the DOT hazard classes and divisions. 119 Hazmat Classifications DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions Hazardous materials are classified according to their primary danger Materials grouped in one class may have other hazards associated with it Only the primary hazard is placarded. 120 40
Class 1 Explosives DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions 1.1 Mass Detonation Hazard Black powder,tnt, Dynamite, Blasting caps 1.2 Projection Hazard Detonating cord, Aerial flares 121 Class 1 Explosives DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions 1.3 Predominantly a Fire Hazard Propellant explosives, Liquid-fuel rocket motors 1.4 No Significant Blast Hazard Practice ammunition, Signal cartridges 122 Class 1 Explosives DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions 1.5 Very Insensitive Blasting Agents Prilled ammonium nitrate fertilizer, Blasting agents 1.6 Extremely Insensitive Detonating Articles Fertilizer-fuel oil mixtures 123 41
Class 2 Gases DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions 2.1 Flammable Acetylene, Hydrogen, Methane, Propane 2.2 Non-Flammable Carbon dioxide, Anhydrous ammonia 124 Class 2 Gases DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions 2.1 Flammable Acetylene, Hydrogen, Methane, Propane 2.2 Non-Flammable Carbon dioxide, Anhydrous ammonia 125 Class 2 Gases DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions 2.3 Poisonous Gas Phosgene, Chlorine, Cyanide gas, Arsine, Methyl bromide 2.4 Corrosive Gases (Canada Only) Anhydrous ammonia 126 42
Class 2 Gases DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions Oxygen Placard Categorized as an oxidizer 127 Class 3 Flammable Liquids DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions Flammable Liquids Gasoline, Kerosene, Acetone Combustible Liquids Mineral oil, No. 6 fuel oil 128 Class 3 Flammable Liquids DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions Flammable Liquids Gasoline, Kerosene, Acetone Combustible Liquids Mineral oil, No. 6 fuel oil 129 43
Class 4 Flammable Solids DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions 4.1 Flammable Solids Magnesium 4.2 Spontaneously Combustible Materials Phosphorus 130 Class 4 Flammable Solids DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions 4.1 Flammable Solids Magnesium 4.2 Spontaneously Combustible Materials Phosphorus 131 Class 4 Flammable Solids DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions 4.3 Dangerous When Wet Materials Calcium carbide, Sodium hydride, Magnesium powder 132 44
Class 5 Oxidizers & Organic Peroxides DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions 5.1 Oxidizers Ammonium nitrate, Calcium hypochlorite 5.2 Organic Peroxides Ethyl ketone peroxide, Peroxide 133 Class 6 Toxic & Infectious Substances DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions 6.1 Poisonous Arsenic 6.2 Infectious Substances Rabies, HIV, Hepatitis B 134 Class 6 Toxic & Infectious Substances DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions Harmful to Food Stuffs 135 45
Class 7 Radioactive DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions Radioactive Materials Cobalt, Uranium, Plutonium Listed as classes I, II and II 136 Class 8 Corrosives Materials DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions Corrosive Materials Sulfuric acid, Sodium hydroxide 137 Class 9 Miscellaneous Materials DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions Presents a hazard during transportation, but does not meet the definition of any other hazard class United States Placard Canadian Placard 138 46
Dangerous Substances DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions Used when the weight of two or more categories of hazardous materials exceeds 5000 lbs Identification of the specific hazards is not apparent 139 ORM-D DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions A consumer commodity which presents a limited hazard during transportation due to form, quantity, and packaging 140 Placarding Requirements DOT Hazard Classes & Divisions Hazmat loads over 1,001 lbs must be placarded Any quantity of the following hazardous materials must be placarded: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 Explosives 2.3 Poison gas 4.3 Dangerous when wet 6.1 Poison (PGI, PIH only) 7 Radioactive (Radioactive Yellow III). 141 47
O B J E C T I V E S Understand the principles behind the chemical and physical properties of hazardous materials Understand the significance of these properties as they relate to the behavior of hazardous materials in an emergency. 143 Physical States of Matter Gases Fluids which have no definitive shape or volume 144 48
Physical States of Matter Fluids Have no definitive shape, but do have specific volume 145 Physical States of Matter Solids Substances that have both specific shape and volume 146 Physical States of Matter Control methods and severity of the release vary based upon the physical state of the product Solids are the easiest to control Liquids are harder than solids Gases are the hardest and may require extensive evacuations. 147 49
Physical States of Matter The physical state of the material determines how one may be exposed Solids generally enter through contact or ingestion; dust can be inhaled Liquids are typically ingested, absorbed through skin contact, or inhaled if it is evaporating Gases can be inhaled, absorbed through skin contact and possibly ingested. 148 Specific Gravity The weight of a substance compared to the weight of an equal volume of water at a given temperature 149 Specific Gravity Determines whether a substance sinks or floats in water Water is assigned a value of 1 Materials >1 will sink in water Materials <1 will float in water. 150 50
Specific Gravity Specific Gravity < 1 Specific Gravity > 1 151 Specific Gravity Important when determining the effectiveness of pads and booms Most hydrocarbons have a specific gravity of less than 1 and will float on water. 152 Specific Gravity Materials which sink are more difficult to contain and clean up Water solubility is a concern with materials that have a specific gravity higher than one. 153 51
Water Solubility The ability of a liquid to mix with water 154 Water Solubility It is difficult to remove water soluble materials from a body of water Corrosives, poisons and alcohols tend to be water soluble Water soluble materials are difficult to extinguish. 155 Chemical Reactivity The ability of a material to undergo a chemical reaction with another substance 156 52
Chemical Reactivity Exothermic reactions The reaction causes a release of heat Occurs with most chemical reactions Endothermic reaction Heat generated by the reaction is absorbed No heat is released. 157 Chemical Reactivity Unstable materials can react violently with little or no outside interaction Nitroglycerin may explode if jarred, heated or otherwise contaminated Examples of unstable materials: Compounds that crystallize or deteriorate like picric acid, ether, organic peroxides or dynamite 158 Chemical Reactivity Hypergolic materials Those materials which ignite when coming in contact with each other Pyrophoric materials Those elements which react and ignite upon coming in contact with air. 159 53
Vapor Density The density of a gas compared to the density of air 160 Vapor Density Determines whether a vapor will rise or fall Important to consider when deciding evacuation routes or other tactical plans Air has a vapor density of 1 Gases with a vapor density > 1 will sink Gases with a vapor density < 1 will rise. 161 Vapor Density Vapor Density > 1 Vapor Density < 1 162 54
Vapor Pressure Pressure exerted on a closed container by the vapors being released from a liquid or solid 163 Vapor Pressure Important information for first responders to consider The higher the vapor pressure, the more dangerous the chemical High vapor pressures translate into lower boiling points. 164 Vapor Pressure Chemicals with high vapor pressures emit vapors at lower temperatures than chemicals with low vapor pressures Substances with high vapor pressures Gasoline, acetone and alcohol Substances with low vapor pressures Motor oil, diesel fuel and water. 165 55
Boiling Point Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas at normal atmospheric pressure 166 Boiling Point Results in a rapid change from a liquid to a gaseous state The lower the boiling point, the more volatile a material is A liquid with a low boiling point has a high vapor pressure and low flash point. 167 Flash Point Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives of sufficient vapors to create an ignitable mixture with air near its surface 168 56
Flammable Products Means a chemical that falls into one of the following categories: 169 (i) "Aerosol, Flammable" means an aerosol that, when tested by the method described in 16 CFR 1500.45, yields a flame protection exceeding 18 inches at full valve opening, or a flashback(a flame extending back to the valve) at any degree of valve opening; 170 (ii) "Gas, Flammable" means: (A) A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a flammable mixture with air at a concentration of 13 percent by volume or less; or (B) A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a range of flammable mixtures with air wider than 12 percent by volume, regardless of the lower limit. 171 57
(iii) "Liquid, Flammable" means any liquid having a flashpoint below 100 F (37.8 C), except any mixture having components with flashpoints of 100 C) or higher, the total of which make up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture. 172 (iv) "Solid, Flammable" means a solid, other than a blasting agent or explosive as defined in 1910.109(a), that is liable to cause fire through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical change, or retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or which can be ignited readily and when ignited burns so vigorously and persistently as to create a serious hazard. 173 "Unstable (reactive)" means a chemical which is the pure state, or as produced or transported, will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense, or will become self-reactive under conditions of shocks, pressure or temperature. 174 58
"Water-reactive" reactive" means a chemical that reacts with water to release a gas that is either flammable or presents a health hazard. 175 Flash Point At its flash point, a fuel source gives off sufficient vapors to ignite momentarily It will not continue to burn unless additional heat is introduced Important in determining the temperature at which a flammable liquid is giving off sufficient vapors to ignite. 176 Ignition Temperature The minimum temperature that a fuel in air must be heated to in order to ignite without an independent ignition source being present 177 59
Ignition Temperature Also known as the autoignition temperature The ignition temperature of a substance is significantly higher than its flash point All flammable materials have an ignition temperature. 178 Flammable (Explosive) Range Percentage of the gas or vapor concentration in air that will burn if an ignition source is introduced 179 Flammable (Explosive) Range Limiting concentrations Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) UEL Flammable LEL 0% 100% Range 15% 28% Anhydrous Ammonia 180 60
Flammable (Explosive) Range Concentrations within the upper and lower limits will burn rapidly if ignited Concentrations above 10% of the LEL must be considered to have an ignition potential Ventilating concentrations above the UEL will eventually bring it back into the flammable range. 181 Flammable (Explosive) Range Containers can be damaged by an explosion if the contents with-in the container are in their flammable range and an ignition source is introduced 182 Toxic Products of Combustion Toxic chemicals produced by fire: Carbon monoxide Hydrogen cyanide Phosgene Carbon dioxide Hydrochloric acid Firefighters should always wear SCBA at fires 183 61
Corrosivity (Ph) Substances that destroy or burn living tissues and have destructive effects on other types of materials 184 Corrosivity (ph) Corrosives are divided into two groups Acids Bases (alkaline) The ph level of a substance is measured using a scale from 0-14. 185 Corrosivity Acids Contact can cause severe chemical burns and permanent eye damage Common acids Hydrochloric Hydrofluoric Nitric Sulfuric. 186 62
Corrosivity Acids Generally pain is felt by a person who comes in contact with an acid Acids have a ph value less than 7 Dissolves metals Reacts with bases. 187 Corrosivity Bases Breaks down fatty skin tissues Penetrates deeply into the body Common bases: Caustic soda Potassium hydroxide Other alkaline materials. 188 Corrosivity Bases Coming in contact with a base does not normally result in immediate pain A greasy or slick feeling of the skin is indicative of an exposure A base has a ph greater than 7 189 63
Corrosivity Symptoms of an exposure to corrosives: Nausea and vomiting Difficulty breathing, swallowing, or coughing Burning of eyes, nose, and mouth Localized burning or skin irritation. 190 Corrosivity Containers can be damaged and lose structural integrity if not designed to contain corrosive materials 191 64
Information Resources O B J E C T I V E S Identify the methods of contacting a manufacturer or shipper Identify two methods of obtaining a MSDS Identify pertinent hazard and response information using the different sections of a MSDS 193 Information Resources O B J E C T I V E S Identify the services provided by CHEMTREC/CANUTEC CHEM-TEL INFOTRAC 3-E COMPANY NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER MILITARY SHIPMENTS List the information needed by above services to assist in the identification process 194 Contacting the Shipper or Manufacturer Information Resources Use the contact information found on the MSDS Contact a CHEMICAL NATIONAL ASSISTANCE CENTER Use contact information found on shipping papers 195 65
Material Safety Data Sheets Information Resources The required information is governed by the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) Required by federal hazard communications laws Best source of information on a hazardous material. 196 Methods of Obtaining a MSDS Information Resources The facility s hazard communications plan Facility manager/employer May be attached to shipping papers Contact the manufacturer of the material Supplier of the material. 197 Section I Contact Information Information Resources Manufacturer s name & address Emergency telephone number - 24 hour Information telephone number - Office Signature and date. 198 66
Section I Contact Information Information Resources 199 Section II Hazardous Ingredients Information Resources Common name Chemical name CAS number Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Other exposure limits 200 Section II Hazardous Ingredients Information Resources 201 67
Section III Physical & Chemical Properties Information Resources Boiling point Specific gravity Vapor pressure Vapor density Corrosiveness (ph) Melting point Evaporation rate Water solubility Appearance & odor 202 Section III Physical & Chemical Properties Information Resources 203 Section IV Fire & Explosion Hazard Data Information Resources Flashpoint and autoignition temperature Flammable limits (LEL, UEL) Extinguishing methods Special firefighting procedures Unusual fire & explosion hazards. 204 68
Section IV Fire & Explosion Hazard Data Information Resources 205 Section V Reactivity Data Information Resources Stability of the material Incompatibility issues Hazardous decomposition or byproducts Hazardous polymerization. 206 Section V Reactivity Data Information Resources 207 69
Section VI Health Hazard Data Information Resources Routes of entry Health hazards Signs & symptoms of exposure Medical conditions aggravated by exposure Emergency & first aid procedures. 208 Section VI Health Hazard Data Information Resources 209 Section VII Precautions for Safe Handling Information Resources Steps taken in the event of a spill Waste disposal methods Handling and storage precautions Other safety precautions 210 70
Section VII Precautions for Safe Handling Information Resources 211 Section VIII Control Measures Information Resources Respiratory protection Ventilation Protective gloves Eye protection Additional PPE 212 Section VIII Control Measures Information Resources 213 71
Emergency Information Centers (EIC) Information Resources CHEMTREC/CANUTEC CHEM-TEL INFOTRAC 3-E COMPANY NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER MILITARY SHIPMENTS 214 Function of EIC S Information Resources A public service of the Chemical Manufacturer's Association (CMA) Designed to help emergency personnel responding to hazardous materials incidents involving unfamiliar chemicals Operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week 215 Assistance Provided by EIC S Information Resources Provide information on the following: Material properties Material hazards Suggested control techniques Contact the manufacturer or shipper of the material for additional information 216 72
Contact Phone Numbers Information Resources Emergency phone numbers: CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300 CANUTEC 1-612-996-6666 (collect) CHEM-TEL 1-800-255-3924 INFOTRAC 1-800-535-5053 3E COMPANY 1-800-451-8346 NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER 1-800-424-8802 MILITARY SHIPMENTS 1-800-851-8061 EXPLOSIVES/AMMUNITIONS CALL COLLECT 1-703-697-0218 217 Information to Provide Information Resources Full name & title of caller Callback telephone number Location & description of incident Time of incident & weather conditions What actions have been taken thus far Type or description & number of containers or packages involved. 218 Information to Provide EIC s Information Resources Product info from shipping documents Name of shipper Name of carrier UN, NA and/or STCC number of the product Trade name or chemical/dot shipping name Shipper and point of origin Consignee and destination. 219 73
Information to Provide EIC s Information Resources Amount of material involved Identification numbers on the container Any fatalities, injuries, or exposures Specific information requested or type of information that is needed as a priority What resources are on scene or in-route. 220 CHEMTREC/EIC s System Limitations Information Resources Not all chemical manufacturers provide information to these organizations The relevance of the information provided by CHEMTREC/EIC depends on the information given to them by the caller The response procedure information given is general in nature The system is not foolproof. 221 DOT Emergency Response Guidebook Information Resources Identify material and hazards using: Placard color Hazard class number Name of the material UN/NA identification number Use the ORANGE guide pages to determine initial emergency response actions Initial isolation and protective action zones. 222 74
Additional Resources Information Resources NIOSH guide Good reference for chemical and physical properties of a hazardous material CHRIS manual United States Coast Guard Farm Chemicals Handbook 223 Additional Resources Information Resources Fire Protection Guide to Haz-Mat National Fire Protection Association Always attempt to use at least three sources when collecting information on a substance 224 End of Part I To continue with the presentation, please open the file entitled: Hazmat Ops Part II 75