Integrated Product, Organization and Click to edit Process Master design title style Agenda Theory of organization models Project Coordination Meeting Design PM Client PM Construction PM Structural Design Subteam Architectural Design Subteam Project Engineers Procurement Subteam Design Coordination Seek Zoning Variance Start Define Scope GMP Accepted Select Key Subs Ready to Excavate Estimate Cost Finalize Arch Program Provide GMP Long Lead Purchasing Choose Construction Methods Select Subconsultants Choose facade materials Estimate Time Apply Exc Permit Choose Struct. System Project Coordination 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 1
Click to This edit Master week overview title style Day Tuesday Thursday Learning goals Theory: VDC POP/FFB framework, types of models, ICE, organizational modeling, templates Practice: ICE session with Templates, Organizationprocess model and analysis (SimVision) lab Theory: Introduction Organization-process model and analysis (SimVision), Practice: Organization modeling lab 16 July 2015 2
Big Ideas Type-of Design and analyze organizations as we design and analyze bridges Organization analysis allows predicting the volume and distribution of total, direct and hidden work Project and task durations Actor backlogs & task risks Coordination, rework wait time that make projects late and participants overworked and frustrated Project Coordination Meeting Client PM Design PM Construction PM Structural Architectural Project Procurement Design Subteam Design Subteam Engineers Subteam Design Coordination Seek Zoning Variance Start Define Scope GMP Accepted Select Key Subs Estimate Cost Finalize Arch Long Lead Purchasing Program Provide GMP Choose Construction Methods Select Subconsultants Choose facade materials Estimate Time Apply Exc Permit Choose Struct. System Project Coordination Ready to Excavate 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 3
Method to design organizations as we design bridges START Specify project design goals and objectives Design: Develop a candidate design solution Analyze: Predict candidate solution s performance Evaluate: Compare predicted performance vs. goals Iterate Designs and goals Relax Design Goals TERMINATE Success or Failure? 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 4
Method Design the organization-process model using the Breakdown Structures in Organization and Process segments of the POP model Project Coordination Meeting Client PM Design PM Construction PM Structural Architectural Project Procurement Design Subteam Design Subteam Engineers Subteam Type-of Start Define Scope Design Coordination Seek Zoning Variance Estimate Cost GMP Accepted Select Key Subs Ready to Excavate Finalize Arch Program Provide GMP Long Lead Purchasing Choose Construction Methods Select Subconsultants Choose facade materials Estimate Time Apply Exc Permit Choose Struct. System Project Coordination 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 5
Breakdown structures in VDC Product Breakdown Structure (PBS) Major types of components Organization Breakdown Structure (OBS) Major types of organization components Process (Work) Breakdown Structure (WBS) Major types of tasks 16 July 2015 Breakdown structures Hierarchical Relate to each other Types, not instances Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 6
Breakdown structures in VDC Product Breakdown Structure (PBS) Major types of components Product Component types require named Design or construction skills, or Design or construction tasks 16 July 2015 Breakdown structures Hierarchical Relate to each other Types, not instances Type-of Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 7
Breakdown structures in projects Organization Breakdown Structure (OBS) Major types of organization components Organization component types Describe Actors Design Construction Other stakeholders Relate (implicitly) to PBS, WBS Breakdown structures Hierarchical Relate to each other Types, not instances Type-of 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 8
Breakdown structures in VDC Process (Work) Breakdown Structure (WBS) Major types of tasks Process component types require Special tasks to design or construct physical components in PBS or Describe the work of planned actors in OBS 16 July 2015 Breakdown structures Hierarchical Relate to each other Types, not instances Type-of Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 9
Implicit in BSs, POP BSs do not (but models do) show: Relationships Product element: supports, enclosed-by, adjacency Actor: reports-to, responsibility Task: precedence, coordination, rework Attributes Product: dimensions, cost, materials, Actor: size, experience, skills available, Task: size, complexity, skills needed, 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 2015 10
Big Ideas Design the organization model using the OBS and Organization segment of the POP model Organization analysis allows predicting the volume and distribution of hidden work: the coordination and rework that make projects late and cause staff frustration and burnout Organization analysis allows predicting the volume and distribution of total, direct and hidden work Project and task durations Actor backlogs & task risks Coordination and rework effort that make projects late and participants overworked and frustrated 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 11 Start Structural Design Subteam Project Coordination Meeting Define Scope Finalize Arch Program Design PM Design Coordination Choose facade materials Choose Struct. System Architectural Design Subteam Client PM Seek Zoning Variance Estimate Cost Choose Construction Methods Estimate Time Project Engineers Provide GMP Project Coordination Construction PM GMP Accepted Procurement Subteam Select Key Subs Long Lead Purchasing Select Subconsultants Apply Exc Permit Ready to Excavate
Organization Models Model Organization (Design) work process How good is this Organization Process design? Simulation predictions: Gantt chart Risks, Project Coordination Meeting Client PM Design PM Construction PM Structural Architectural Project Procurement Design Subteam Design Subteam Engineers Subteam Design Coordination Seek Zoning Variance Start Define Scope GMP Accepted Select Key Subs Ready to Excavate Estimate Cost Finalize Arch Program Provide GMP Long Lead Purchasing Choose Construction Methods Select Subconsultants Choose facade materials Estimate Time Apply Exc Permit Choose Struct. System Project Coordination 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 12
Conceptual framework: Model Simulator simulates actors doing tasks Redesign FRC II for Open labs Position1 Model Programs Projects Tasks Organization Precedence Exception reporting Coordination Rework Meetings Start Data system coordination Architect, Planning Identify pathways & op work zones for data/telco systems Identify pathways & op work zones for HVAC/MEP systems Electrical, security, Networks Executive PM Define EMI separation requirements HVAC, Utilities EHS EORM Client Coordinate MEP design w/data requirements Owner approval SRG Architectural Firm Finish 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 13
Conceptual Underpinning: Projects Process Information The organization processes exceptions Actors : Do direct work Do hidden work Coordinate Rework Wait Tasks: Have direct work Have hidden work 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 14
Conceptual Underpinning: Simulate Task work, Information processing: Model Simulate Analyze, Intervene, reanalyze Data Architect SW Project Manager Hw Spec Available UI-Analysis team Integration team Customer representative SW Design coordination Start1 Develop specification Implement data model Implement analysis system Info to Hw UI stress test Finish Schedule risk Implement UI Integrate sytems Systems integration test Ready for systems test analysis stress test Backlog 16 July 2015 Fail to Hw Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design Cost Risk 15
Organization Options Any two goals look attainable Duration; Cost (staff); Organization process quality Legend Meets Goal Almost meets Unmet goal Goal Case Sim Finish Time Sim Cost (K$) Risk Comment *Contractor increase staff 3/21/01 244 0.515 Not feasible All staff FT 4/16/01 252 0.56 Very difficult for other projects 50% Design review/meetings 5/7/01 353 0.48 Force quick owner decisions Shorten 50% review tasks 5/21/01 384 0.42 Encourage quick owner decisions John Q. Full Time 6/6/01 311 0.525 John Q. plus Gary FT John H. Part Time 6/21/01 324 0.545 John H. plus Gary FT Don S. Full Time 8/5/01 321 0.56 Don S. plus Gary FT Gary S. Full Time 10/4/01 335 0.485 Split Contractor Tasks 10/19/01 257 0.5 Add contractor resources Gary, Amy 50% 10/22/01 251 0.395 Baseline 12/11/01 350 0.515 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 16
Evaluation of Schedule goal To achieve feasible schedule Most staff available Full time Do 50% design review by meetings, vs. tasks Sim Finish Time Finish Date 2/13/02 12/25/01 11/5/01 9/16/01 7/28/01 6/8/01 4/19/01 2/28/01 1/9/01 11/20/00 10/1/00 16 July 2015 *Contractor increase staff All staff FT Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design Shorten 50% review tasks 50% Design review/meetings John Q. Full Time John H. Part Time Don S. Full Time Gary S. Full Time Split Contractor Tasks Gary, Amy 50% Baseline 17
Evaluation of Budget goal To achieve feasible budget Cases with acceptable schedule Predicted Staff Cost (K$) 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Gary, Amy 50% *Contractor increase staff All staff FT Split Contractor Tasks Don S. Full Time John Q. Full Time Gary S. Full Time John H. Part Time Baseline Shorten 50% review tasks 50% Design review/meetings 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 18
Evaluation of risk goal To achieve feasible organization process quality Cases with acceptable schedule Cases with acceptable budget Risk 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Gary, Amy 50% Shorten 50% review tasks 50% Design review/meetings Gary S. Full Time Split Contractor Tasks *Contractor increase staff Baseline John Q. Full Time John H. Part Time All staff FT Don S. Full Time 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 19
Comparing Project Schedule Risks Risks assuming staff, task definition interventions Predicted Schedule risk = Simulated CPM (Optimistic) Durations 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 20
Project Cost Breakdown: Direct and Hidden work Predicted Direct work Assumed OK. Hidden work Rework Maybe light Coordination May be large Wait: no value add 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 21
Facility Program Backlog = work left to do at the end of the day Risks Schedule Coordination Product, process quality control Principals need to manage workload 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 22
Tabular results Program Stats Project Stats Task Stats Organization Stats Milestone Stats Position Stats Copy and paste to Excel 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 23
Executive Dashboard Shows evaluation of predicted behavior (finish date, revenue, cost, quality, backlog) Goals 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 24
SimVision Describe Function, Form and Behavior of Organization and process plus relationships within and between each Explain ( why ): n/a Evaluate: which organization process design version(s) satisfies stated requirements (Executive Dashboard); Predict: Actor Backlogs, task schedule dates, actor and task effort, actor and task risks (charts) 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 25
Representation of Organization and Process Functions: VDC template SimVision goals Forms/Scope VDC template SimVision Behaviors SimVision predicts using theoretically-founded, model-based methods Metrics template Evaluation: SimVision evaluates design performance Functional goals Requireme nt Relationshi SW Project Manager Data Architect Hw Spec Available Customer Integration team UI-Analysis team representative SW Project Manager Data Architect SW Design coordination Hw Spec Available Start1 Customer Integration team UI-Analysis team Develop representative Info to Hw specification Implement SW Design coordination analysis system Implement UI stress Start1 test data model Finish Develop Info to Hw specification Integrate Ready for sytems systems test Implement analysis stress analysis system test Implement UI Systems stress Implement UI integration test data model test Finish Integrate Ready for sytems systems test Fail analysis stress to Hw test Systems Implement UI integration test Fail to Hw Product Form Function Behaviors Qualitative Threshhold values Weight (sum = Object Attribute p Requirement Choice Predicted Observed Assessed -2-1 0 1 2 100) Product Requireme nt Relationsh Functional Product Form (Space, Product Scope ip Requirement System) Product Scope. Systems includes Systems Systems?o?a?w Product Scope. Building Spaces includes Spaces Spaces?o?a?w Project Goals Project Goal. Capacity (people) >= -?o?a?w?p?a?a?a?a?a Project Goal. Evaluated goodness?o?a Organization Requireme nt Relationsh Functional Organization Form Organization Scope ip Requirement (Actor) Organization Scope. Actors includes Actors Organization Goals Organization Goal. Predicted <=. Cost (K$)?r?p?o?a?a?a?a?a?a?w Process Process Form (Task Action: Object) Process Scope (Task Action: Object) Responsible Actor Process Task. Design: Building Actor Actor that designs Task. Design: Building Task. Predict: Predictable Task. Predict: Process Behaviors Actor Actor that predicts Predictable Behaviors Process Task. Assess: Behaviors Task. Assess: Actor Actor that assesses Behaviors Process Task. Build: Building Actor Actor that builds Task. Build: Building Process Goals Process Goal. Peak Quality Risk <?r?p?o?a?a?a?a?a?a?w Sum (Assessed goodness): 0 Sum (weights): 0 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 26
SimVision methods Design options: Create new Case for each option Suggestion: Make one intervention per case Compare case results in Executive Dashboard and charts of result comparisons 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 27
Set program goals 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 2015 28
Define milestones, activities, relationships Milestone Activity 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 2015 29
Define milestones, activities, relationships Milestone Activity Successor Communication Rework 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 2015 30
Define organization Actors (teams) Supervision Task assignment 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 2015 31
SimVision methods Possible Interventions Change: Task definition Task precedence Task Start-to-start lag Actor size Actor task assignment Actor skills Goals Cases 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 32
Virtual Design and Construction Use of multi-disciplinary performance models of design construction projects Product (building) Organization Work Process To Visualize and describe project Analyze project performance Predict effects of choices Evaluate choices Organization models in VDC Each discipline has an organization, work process All disciplines must coordinate! Assuming: Simulate model: 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 33
Big idea: Design organizations Function 16 July 2015 Design organizations as we design bridges Set objectives and measure performance Product Organization Process Scope ( ) Quality ( ) Design + Construct Cost ( ) Backlog ( ) Design + Construct Cost Form Deliverables Actors Tasks Behavior Scope Quality Work (direct, hidden) volumes Cost Backlog Schedule ( ) Schedule risk ( ) Work (direct, hidden) volumes Cost Start, Finish, Duration Schedule risk Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 34
16 July 2015 (Multiple) Predictable performance objectives Safety: 0 lost hours Schedule, Cost, Scope: 100% client satisfaction Sustainability: >75% better energy, water,.. than 2002, profitably Outcomes Schedule: 95% on-time start, finish of all scheduled activities Model Cost: >= 95% of budgeted items within 2% of budgeted cost Field material delivery: 95% within 24 hours of use Decision latency (Decision-making promptness): mean working days <= 1; 95% within 2 days Response latency (Decision-making no earlier than necessary): mean working days <= 1; 95% within 2 days Field-generated Requests for Information: 0 (for questions related to issues that could have been identified at the award of the construction contract) Rework volume: 0 (for field construction work); Goal = 10-20% (virtual work) Meeting effectiveness: > 90% participation Meeting efficiency: > 70% prediction, evaluation Drivers Measurable process Scope: POP designs; objectives to manage Modeled and managed Scope: 100% of POP items with > 10 (2)% of time, cost, effort or energy Coordination activity: planned, explicit, public, informed > 90% Prediction basis: > 80% of predictions founded Design versions: 2 or more >= 80% Controllable Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design Directly related to Organization 35
Submission-1 Details Due midnight Friday 16 July 2015 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 2015 36
ORID +/ Analysis Level of Questions O Objective Level R Reflective Level I Interpretive Level Purpose To examine the data To identify factual information To encourage connections To encourage free flow of ideas and imagination To identify patterns and determine their significance or meaning To articulate underlying insights Questions to Answer What do you see? What factual statements can you make based on the data? What surprised you? What encouraged you? What discouraged you? How does this make you feel? What does the data tell us? What are insights for you? What is the good news? What are limits? What else is there to learn? D Decisional Level To propose next steps To develop an action plan To make decisions To experience coming together What are next steps? What decisions can we make? What is our action plan for moving forward? Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design 16 July 2015 37
ORID +/ : Focused Conversation and Analysis Objective What do you recall seeing? Reflective Positive What do you feel positive about? Reflective Negative What do you find negative? Interpretive What sense do you make of it? Decisional What agreements can be made now? 16 July 2015 38 Chalmers Integrated Product, Organization and Process Design