Farming in India Sreedhar Patil 5/30/2013
Location of India in World Map
States in India Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA 28 states and seven union territories
Annual Rainfall in India
Rivers in India River Ganga in the North India River Cauvery in the South India
Types of Soil in India Black Soil Red Soil Alluvial Soil
Major Food Crops in India Rice Wheat Jowar (Millet) Ragi (Millet)
Major Commercial Crops in India Sugarcane Cotton Jute Tea Leaves Coffee Seeds
Food grains Major Food Crops in India Spices Seeds and pulses Wheat Rice Jowar Ragi and Bajra (millets) Corn Vegetables Lemons Chickpeas Okra Cauliflowers Green peas Pumpkins Potatoes Tomatoes Cabbages Onions Dry beans Limes Pigeon peas Brinjal Cardamom Cinnamon Garlic Turmeric Ginger Dry chilies and peppers Coriander Cloves Fruits Banana Mangoes Guavas Sugarcane Grapes Pomegranate Jack fruit Papaya Melons Chickoo Orange Pineapple Apple Sunflower seeds Castor oil seeds Pulses Sesame seeds Cotton seed Lentil (bean) Mustard Cumin Soybeans Nuts Cashew nuts Peanut Arecanut Coconut Beverages Tea Coffee
Cropping Seasons in India India has many growing seasons due to prevalence of high temperature through a long period. Different crop seasons are: Kharif: Crops are sown at the beginning of the south-west monsoon (May to July) and harvested at the end of the south-west monsoon (September to October). Important crops: Rice, Jowar, corn, cotton, peanut, sunflower, sugarcane, chilies, onions, tomatoes, pulses, beans, bajra, ragi etc. Rabi: Crops need relatively cool climate during the period of growth but warm climate during the germination of their seed and maturation. Sowing season - October to December. Harvesting season February to April Important crops: wheat, barley, gram, mustard, masoor (lentils), peas and potatoes. Zaid: Certain crops which are being raised throughout the year due to artificial irrigation. Zaid kharif: sown in August-September and harvested in December-January. Important crops: rice, jowar, rapeseed (canola), cotton, oilseeds. Zaid rabi: sown in February-March. Harvesting is in April-May. Important crops: watermelon, cucumber, leafy and other vegetables.
Agriculture vs Horticulture: Cultivation Methods in India What is agriculture? Oldest method Agriculture Agri means field and cultura which means cultivation, Agriculture is the cultivation of fields for production of food and goods mono cropping or the mono culture Example: Rice, wheat, seeds, sugarcane, corn, pulses etc What is horticulture? New cultivating method Hortus means garden and cultura which means cultivation that means plant cultivation. Small scale enclosed plots using special techniques and is multi-cropping Example: fruits, berries, nuts, vegetables, flowers, trees, shrubs, and turf Hoticulture
Canal irrigation: Perennial canals Irrigation Systems in India - Artificial reservoirs or dams across rivers for perennial canals. Canal Inundation canals - During flood, the extra water flows in the canals rising from the rivers. Such canals are effective only during floods Tank irrigation: Storage tanks of any size Individuals or groups of farmers by raising bonds across seasonal streams. Well irrigation: Accessing ground water through wells Watering methods in India Check dam (tank) Check Basin Method - Rice, Sugarcane etc Furrows watering Sprinkler irrigation Drip irrigation - Corn, Jowar, Wheat, seeds, pulses etc - Sugarcane, vegetables etc - vegetables, plantations, gardens etc
Irrigation Systems in India Dam Pulley water lifting system from well Tank Old fashioned water lifting method from well Watering lifting using pumps from wells/bore wells Canal Watering lifting using submersible pumps Old fashioned water lifting method from well
Watering Methods in India Furrows for watering Furrows for watering Check Basin watering Drip irrigation Sprinkler irrigation
Common Steps followed in Indian Agriculture 1. Preparation of the soil: Ploughing & turning the soil loose with the help of ploughs, cultivators and spade & other mechanical implements 2. Sowing the seeds: treating the seeds with fungicides & sowing them with hand or using a seed drill. preparing a seed bed & growing seedlings when plants are transplanted like paddy adding weedicides to remove the weeds. 3. Adding fertilizers: chemical fertilizer, organic manure and compost manure 4. Irrigation: supply water 5. Spraying pesticides to protect crops 6. Harvesting: using sickle, mechanical harvesters, combines 7. Storage drying the crops in case of cereals & pulses & storing in air tight containers like gunny bags in moisture proof, rat proof godowns.
Preparation of Land with Animal Drawn Equipment in India Oxen Ploughing Oxen Ploughing Leveling Leveling Oxen ploughing in rice fields Leveling in rice fields
Sowing Methods in India Manual drawn sowing equipment Oxen drawn sowing equipment Oxen drawn sowing equipment Sowing sugarcane seeds Planting paddy seedlings Transplanting paddy seedlings
Agriculture using Machinery in India Cultivators Ploughs Sowing equipment Cage Wheels
Intercultural Operations during Farming in India Watering Watering Weeds control Weeds control Adding fertilizers Spraying pesticides
Paddy harvesting Manual Harvesting in India Paddy Drying Peanut harvesting Paddy threshing Corn harvesting Tea leaves harvesting Sugarcane harvesting Coffee seeds harvesting Mustard harvesting
Paddy (Rice) Harvesting using Paddy Harvester in India Paddy ready for harvesting
Women working in Agricultural Fields in India Cleaning Vegetable market
Livestock associated with farming in India Hybrid cow breeds Murra Buffalo farm Goat Herd Ram fight Sahiwal cow breed Murra Buffalo farm Sheep Herd Broiler Chicken Indian Chicken Poultry for eggs Kankrej cow breed
Common Farming Tools used in India
Animal Drawn Farming Equipment used in India Levelers
Tractor Drawn Farming Equipment used in India Cage Wheel
Harvesting Equipment used in India
My Farm Pictures
Bore Well Areca nut farm
Banana b/w areca plants Areca nuts Dairy barn Areca nut farm New born
Hay for dairy farm Paddy Straw for dairy farm Paddy fields Sheep
Fields and Plantations
Paddy (Rice) Fields in India
Coconut Plantations in India
Tea Plantations in India
Coffee Plantations in India Coffee plants grown along with silver oak trees Black Pepper
Mustard Fields in India
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