DHC in Finland Aalto University, Energy Technology Katja, Jan. 12, 2017
Finnish Energy in brief Finnish Energy (ET) is a branch organisation for the industrial and labour market policy of the energy sector. It represents companies that produce, procure, distribute and sell electricity, district heat and district cooling and related services.
BIG CHANGES Carbon neutrality and Renewables Digitalization Global competition The rise of consumers
DHC in Finland District heat - Statistics, strong role in the heat market District cooling - Statistics, resent growth Big changes what does it mean for DHC? - On-going trends and future visions
District heating Statistics, strong role in the heat market
Market share of space heating year 2014 Residential, commercial and public buildings district heat 46,3 % other 1,0 % heavy fuel oil 0,6 % wood 13,2 % Source: Statistics Finland light fuel oil 7,9 % heat pump 13,6 % electricity 17,4 % Heat pump: includes the electricity consumption of heat pumps Electricity: includes the electricity consumption of heat distribution equipment and electric sauna stoves Wood: includes the wood used by sauna stoves
Temperature corrected heat consumption
Specific heat consumption in district heated buildings incl. energy for heating hot tap water
District heat production year 2015 33,3 TWh cogenerated heat 73,4 % separate heat 26,6 %
District heat production TWh/a 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 71 % 72 %72 % 72 %74 %76 %77 % 79 %77 % 77 % 75 %75 % 76 % 75 73 % %74 %75 % 71 % 73 % 69 % 73 % 73 % 75 %76 % 72 % 5 0 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 cogenerated heat
Fuels for district heat and cogeneration 52,4 TWh in Finland year 2015 Wood, other bio 32,5 % Industrial reaction heat, heat pumps 4,3 % Oil 2,1 % Others 4,0 % Renewable 33 % Carbon neutral 37 % Domestic 54 % Peat 15,5 % Natural gas 20,4 % Coal 21,2 %
Fuels for separate district heat production 10,1 TWh in Finland year 2015 Industrial reaction heat, heat pumps 14,5 % Oil 9,3 % Peat 11,3 % Coal 2,3 % Renewable 44 % Other biofuels 7,9 % Others 5,3 % Carbon neutral 58 % Domestic 71 % Natural gas 13,6 % Wood 35,8 %
Fuels for district heat and cogeneration
Fuels for district heat and cogeneration in 2015
Fuels for district heat and cogeneration in 2005 and 2015 Year 2005 Year 2015
CO 2 -emissions from district heat production Sources: Statistics Finland (2000...2013) Finnish Energy (1976...1999, 2015)
District heat consumption year 2015 30,0 TWh Industry 9 % Other 31 % Housing 60 %
Production capacity and connected heat load of the customers
Market share of space heating in new buildings Source: Statistics Finland
Market share of space heating in new buildings, detached houses Source: Statistics Finland
District heating production plants District heating is decentralized energy, Finnish Energy s members produce heat in: 166 towns 106 CHP plants 1122 heat-only boilers Source: District Heating in Finland 2015, Finnish Energy
Fuels used in district heat production and CHP production Source: District Heating in Finland 2015, Finnish Energy
General technical facts about the Finnish district heating system Hot water DH, closed two-pipe system Design temperature 120 C Design pressure 1,6 MPa (16 bar) Varying flow temperature 115 ~ 70 C Return temperature ~ 40 65 C Always indirect consumer connections (both for space heating and hot tap water) Heat metering for each customer Year-round heat delivery Expected lifetime of DH pipes 50 100 years
District heating prices in Finland The DH companies are operated on a business basis Each company decides its tariffs and prices itself No price regulation Same tariffs for same kind of customers (residential, industrial, public etc.) The prices vary a lot between different companies, depending on the actual operating costs
District cooling Statistics, resent growth
Delivered district cooling energy and connected load
District cooling production
District cooling production 182 GWh (2015)
Production capacity in district cooling
Big changes what does it mean for DHC? On-going trends and future visions
The Big changes and DHC? Carbon neutrality and Renewables The DH network provides an excellent distribution chanel for renewables enables large-scale, town-wide, leaps from fossils to renewables! Share of renewable fuels, surplus heat, etc. increases Strong interest in new heat sources such as deep geothermal heat Digitalization Better utilization of measurement data? Increasing flexibility in production and consumption? Possibilities yet to be indentified Global competition The rise of consumers International companies, foreign ownership New players in the field? DHC technology exports? Image aspects of fuels, production Customer oriented new business models More than providing heat and power Hybrid-systems etc.
On-going trends and DHC in future Competition in the heat market is increasing The heat market is developing Two-way district heat A solution to combine traditional district heating business with small scale distributed energy production solutions Allows improved utilization of surplus and waste heat Question of third party access (TPA) 4 th generation DHC, smart energy, smart cities Large heat pumps in DHC systems Increased feasibility when used for both heat and cooling Digitalization do we understand all the possibilities yet? Hybrid systems with small scale production and DHC Seasonal heat storage for solar heat?
Contact: Katja Senior Adviser, Energy production Energiateollisuus ry Finnish Energy Fredrikinkatu 51-53 B, P.O.Box 100, 00101 Helsinki Phone +358 9 530 520, direct +358 9 5305 2304 mobile +358 50 374 7449 e-mail: katja.kurki-suonio@energia.fi www.energia.fi www.kaukolampo.fi