04222 CONCRETE UNIT MASONRY (UNREINFORCED ONLY) SPECIFIER: Use this section only for UNREINFORCED concrete masonry. Its only reinforcement is in the horizontal joints. It covers ONLY plain blockwork (no vertical bars; no grouting) for the unreinforced masonry walls, often fire-rated, that are used in interior construction. It will also cover the infrequent occurrence of unreinforced masonry construction at the exterior. Do not use it for walls that contain windows. It is important to distinguish unreinforced and reinforced block walls on the Drawings. Reinforced blockwork is NOT covered in this section. Use 04221 instead. NOR is the tie beam-and-tie column-with-masonry method of construction. Use 04221 instead. NOR are there provisions for supporting impact-resistant windows and louvers. Use 04221 instead. This section can be edited to add block with a textured or patterned face. CSI MasterFormat 2004 number:04 22 12. PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 RELATED REQUIREMENTS A. Coordinate concrete unit masonry (also termed CMU and block ) work with work before and after, especially: 1. Dovetail assemblies in concrete for anchoring masonry work. 03100 2. Concrete framing. Div 03 3. Welding masonry anchors to steel structure. Div 05 4. Insulation beneath interior wall finish at exterior walls. 07210 5. Wall vapor barrier (if used). Div 07 6. Anchoring devices for door frames, windows, entrances, louvers, curtain walls and other openings Div 08 1.2 OVERALL STANDARDS A. Perform reinforced concrete masonry work in accordance with the latest edition of the following: 1. ACI 530 - Building Code Requirements for Masonry and 2. ACI 530.1 - Specification for Masonry Structures, except as more stringently specified herein. 1.3 REFERENCES A. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), latest edition. Specifications for: 1. A153 Zinc Coating (Hot Dip) for Iron and Steel Hardware. 2. A951 Masonry Joint Reinforcement. 3. C33 Concrete Aggregates 4. C55 Concrete Brick. 5. C90 Loadbearing Concrete Masonry Units. 6. C91 Masonry Cement. Project Number SPECIFICATION GUIDELINES 04222 1
7. C94 Ready-Mixed Concrete 8. C144 Aggregate for Masonry Mortar. 9. C150 Portland Cement. 10. C206 Finishing Hydrated Lime. 11. C270 Mortar for Unit Masonry. 12. C476 Grout for Masonry. 13. C1019 Test Method for Sampling and Testing Grout. 14. C1142 Extended Life Mortar for Unit Masonry. 1.4 SUBMITTALS A. Shop Drawings: Window opening shop drawing, detailing special profiles in concrete, masonry units, shapes or cast stone surrounds needed to accommodate and support the particular types of window and louvers that will be installed in this Work. B. Product Data: Submit for fire-rated block, plain block, [textured block,] special shape, cast stone surround, horizontal joint reinforcement, and each metal accessory and plastic accessory with special attention to the weight of galvanizing on steel items. 1.5 MOCKUP A. Sample Wall (only if there is any textured block in the Work): Erect a 6 ft x 4 ft high x 8 in. thick (or full thickness if double-width) sample wall on a 30 in. wide concrete base to serve as a standard of appearance and construction. Remove sample wall and base only when permitted by A/E. PART 2 PRODUCTS SPECIFIER: Select Normal or Medium weight. Check with structural engineer. Type I block (autoclaved, using electric energy) is not specified here because it normally has the moisture content of Type II by the time it is delivered to the worksite in normal humid south Florida weather. 2.1 CONCRETE BLOCK AND CONCRETE BRICK (CMU) A. Description: Normal Weight (>125 lb/ft 3 )] [Medium Weight (105 to 125 lb/ft 3 )] loadbearing units including shapes as needed to execute details. 1. Texture: A uniform, medium texture that is neither very smooth nor very coarse. Face surfaces shall have a texture that will bond well to cementitious materials, yet not leave unpainted pits when painted by roller. 2. Linear shrinkage at time of delivery: 0.065% maximum. 3. Solid units: Where shown, provide solid units with <25% voids. 4. Shapes: Provide appropriate shapes to execute each condition shown. 5. Prohibited: Block of non-loadbearing grade; also U-block. 6. Fire rating: As will attain UL fire rating shown for each wall. B. Standards: 1. Concrete Block: ASTM C90, Type II. Do not use ASTM C129 units. Project Number SPECIFICATION GUIDELINES 04222 2
2. Concrete Brick: ASTM C55. SPECIFIER: If there are any decorative-face block in the Work, give a full description below. Name one or more producers products to ensure that you get what you want. Some common styles in addition to split-face are: ribbed, ribbed with split (specify number of ribs), vertically scored (specify number of square- or V-scores), horizontally scored, and ground face. Keep in mind however, that graffiti are very hard to remove from decorative-face block. 2.2 [SPLIT-FACE] [ ] CONCRETE BLOCK A. Description: Loadbearing units of same weight class, linear shrinkage, and ASTM standard as other block. 1. Face description:. 2. Color:. B. Product / Producer: 1., by. 2., by. 3. Equal product in quality and performance as approved after review by A/E and M- DCPS. 2.3 MORTAR A. Types and Uses: 1. Type S or RS, with 1800 lb/in² compressive strength, for use above grade. 2. Type M or RM, with 2500 lb/in² compressive strength, for use only below grade. 3. Mix: Portland cement, lime and sand, or, if proportions and test results are approved by structural engineer of record, portland cement, masonry cement and sand. 4. For filling cells in courses below structural loads, at jambs of openings, and elsewhere as shown on Drawings, Type S or RS may be used unless a mix of compressive strength greater than 1800 lb/in² is shown on the Drawings. 5. For sustainability, follow ASTM recommendation that mortar strength always be less than block compressive strength. 6. Compressive strength: Average measure when tested in 28 days. B. Standards: 1. Mortar (site mixed): ASTM C270, S and M. 2. Extended life mortar: ASTM C1142, RS and RM. 2.4 MORTAR INGREDIENTS A. Standards: Use no calcium chloride in any mix. 1. Portland cement: ASTM C150, Type I or II. 2. Hydrated lime: ASTM C206, Type S. 3. Masonry cement: ASTM C91. 4. Mortar aggregate: ASTM C144. Project Number SPECIFICATION GUIDELINES 04222 3
5. Mixing water: Potable. 2.5 LINTELS A. Lintels: Precast concrete lintels except where cast-in-place concrete or steel is shown. 1. Precast concrete and CIP concrete lintels shall be of depth and with reinforcing sufficient to support superimposed live and dead loads. 2.6 REINFORCEMENT AND ACCESSORIES A. Horizontal Joint Reinforcement: Welded 0.188 in. (9 ga) continuous deformed ASTM A951 hot dip galvanized steel side rods with 0.148 in. (12 ga) cross ties. Width shall be 1-1/4 to 1-3/4 in. less than wall thickness. Provide preformed corner pieces. B. Corrugated and Plain Anchors and Wall Ties in Masonry: Hot-dip galvanized steel; ASTM A153. C. Anchors for Fastening Masonry Walls to Concrete and Structural Steel: 1. Dovetail anchors, fitting the installed dovetail slots, are to be supplied to the blockmason as specified in the Concrete Forming and Accessories section. 2. Where no dovetail slots have been installed in concrete, use anchoring devices such as the following by Heckmann, or equal approved by A/E and Board: 282, 315C, 315D, 316, 317C, fastened to concrete no more than 16 in. oc using shielded 1/4 in. bolts in drilled holes. 3. To fasten to structural steel, use anchoring devices such as the following by Heckmann, or equal approved by A/E and Board: 190, 193. Weld 315, 316, 317B, 320 and 321 to steel. D. In-Wall Flashings: Self-adhering SBS membrane, or 5 oz/ft 2 sheet copper bonded to fiberreinforced asphalt treated kraft paper. PART 3 EXECUTION 3.1 EXAMINATION AND PREPARATORY ANCHORING A. Dovetail Anchors: Where masonry walls will abut concrete walls or columns, check to see that properly positioned dovetail slots have been cast into the concrete. Also check to see that sufficient dovetail anchors (fitting the slots) have been furnished for use by the masons to bond the masonry walls to the concrete walls and columns. 1. If dovetail slots in concrete are found to be missing or are not properly positioned and installed, provide instead the specified masonry anchors 16 in. oc to take the place of dovetail slot & anchor bonding of the masonry walls to the concrete structure. 2. Fasten corrugated strap anchors to the concrete and place the corrugated portion in each horizontal masonry mortar joint. B. Other Anchors: Prepare to anchor masonry walls to cast-in-place concrete and structural steel by providing the specified masonry anchors 16 in. oc the full height of each masonry wall along each line of contact. Project Number SPECIFICATION GUIDELINES 04222 4
3.2 INSTALLING MASONRY A. Follow ACI 530 and 530.1 except as more stringently specified herein. B. Environmental Conditions: 1. Temperature: 40 F. minimum and rising. 2. Weather: Do not lay up masonry during rain. Overnight and when rain is imminent, cover walls and block piles. Design and construct temporary bracing against overturning by wind; remove and repair when no longer needed. C. Worksite Tolerances: Maximum variances permitted from shown dimensions: 1. Bed joint thickness ± 1/8 in. 2. Bed joint, from level, in 10 ft ± 1/4 in. 3. Bed joint, from level, overall ± 1/2 in. 4. Top surface of bearing walls, overall ± 1/4 in. 5. Walls, from plumb line, in 10 ft ± 1/4 in. 6. Walls, from level line, in 20 ft ± 3/8 in. 7. Walls, alignment bottom to top ± 1/8 in. 8. Corners, from plan, in any direction ± 1/8 in. 9. Wall waver in plan, from level line, in 20 ft ± 1/2 in. 3.3 LINTELS A. Lintels: 1. Precast concrete lintels are permitted in interior partitions unless cast-in-place is shown. Set lintels in full mortar beds with 8 in. minimum bearing each end. 3.4 REINFORCING A. Horizontal Joint Reinforcement: Provide at least at every second course and at first joint above and below openings, for all masonry, interior or exterior. 1. In walls having concrete filled cores, provide reinforcing in every horizontal joint. 2. At other areas, provide reinforcing in every second block course joint and at first joint above and below openings for exterior and interior masonry. 3. Cut and lap corners and intersections as recommended by reinforcing producer. 4. Make wall and partition joint reinforcing continuous around corners and at intersections following reinforcement producer's published directions. 5. Lap splices in joint reinforcement no less than 6 inches. Reinforcement shall not be continuous through expansion joints. 3.5 ANCHORING A. Corrugated Anchors: Place in every second block course for masonry walls and partitions abutting structural concrete and wherever dovetail anchors cannot be incorporated. Secure each upturned end to concrete with 2 heavy-duty screws in drilled shields. B. Dovetail Anchors: Place in every second block course for masonry walls and partitions that abut cast-in-place concrete, using the concrete s continuous dovetail anchor slots. Project Number SPECIFICATION GUIDELINES 04222 5
C. When anchors have been fastened to the concrete or steel structure, place the corrugated portion in the nearest horizontal masonry mortar joint. 3.6 BLOCK LAYING A. Lay masonry plumb, true to line, with level and accurately spaced courses. Lay up units in common bond, unless stack bond is shown in certain areas. 1. Lay up only fully dry units. Cut units without using water. 2. Use masonry saws for cuts that will be exposed in the finished work. 3. Lay corners and reveals plumb and true. Line up vertical joints. 4. Fully bond and interlock masonry courses at corners and intersections. 5. Use concrete brick or soaps to course out walls concealed in the finished work. 6. Do not over-plumb corner and jamb units after they are set in position. If adjustment is needed after mortar starts to harden, remove mortar and replace with fresh mortar. B. Steel Opening Frames: Fill door and other opening frames with mortar and embed the anchor straps in mortar courses as masonry is layed up along jambs. C. Joint Treatment: 1. Joint Thickness: 3/8 in. 2. Joint Tooling: Tool joints until thoroughly compacted, pressing mortar hard against edges of masonry units. 3. Joint finish at block exposed to view: Concave-tooled joints, unless flush float-finished joints are specifically shown. Do not rout joints or make reveals of any sort. 4. Joint finish at concealed block: Joints struck flush. 5. Point holes in mortar and masonry units in matching color. 6. Cut out and point up defective joints. D. Jointing Methods: 1. Where block cores are specified or shown to be filled with mortar or concrete, lay in full mortar beds with full mortared end joints. 2. Lay all other block with fully mortared joints at vertical and horizontal face shells. 3. Do not furrow mortar beds. Butter-and-shove vertical joints tight. 4. Finish tooled joints smooth and free of tool marks. 5. Joints between masonry and door frames: Rake to 3/8 in. depth suitable to receive a full bead of sealant. 6. Joints around electrical outlets in wet locations: Rake to receive full bead of sealant. 3.7 WALLS A. All Walls: 1. Grout dovetail slots and space between end of masonry units and concrete solid. 2. Wedge full height partitions and walls tight to soffit except for gap for firestopping where deflection can take place. 3. Set precast concrete (or steel) lintels in full beds of mortar with at least 8 in. bearing at each end. 4. Accommodate the forming, reinforcing and placing of cast-in-place concrete lintels, with care to see that concrete leakage does not ruin the look of exposed walls. Project Number SPECIFICATION GUIDELINES 04222 6
5. Fill the first block core in each block that adjoins an opening, and the last block core where a block wall terminates in a free end. 6. Fill voids around pipes, ducts and conduit penetrating walls except for space needed for the specified firestopping. 7. Point up joints solid and flush on both sides of partitions. B. Load Bearing Masonry Walls: 1. Erect walls before reinforced concrete members that bear on walls, as well as tie beams and tie columns within walls, are cast in place. 2. Fill block cores in top course using mortar or concrete where slabs or beams bear on masonry. 3. Close bottoms of top-course cores 8 in. below cast-in-place concrete beams, unless more filled-block courses are shown, to allow concrete to fill cores. Close bottom of course with galvanized steel sheet or heavy duty fiber-reinforced paper. 4. Do not use flush-end type units against columns and cast-in-place concrete walls. Butter both shell ends to columns and walls. C. Non-Load Bearing Masonry Wall and Partition Anchorage: 1. Erect masonry after steel and concrete frames are in place, and after concrete floors and roof decks are in place. 2. After forms are stripped, remove slot fillers. 3. At edges of non-bearing interior masonry walls and partitions abutting concrete columns and cast-in-place concrete walls, provide corrugated dovetail type anchors 4. Grout dovetail slots and space between end of masonry units and concrete solid. 5. Point up joints solid and flush on both sides of partitions. D. Partition Heights: 1. Make partitions continuous from floor to underside of structural or fire-rated floor and roof construction above unless otherwise shown. 2. Wedge full height partitions and walls tight to soffit except for gap for firestopping where deflection can take place. 3. Where there are suspended ceilings on both sides of partitions, partitions other than those shown as continuous may be stopped 6 to 10 in. above the ceiling level. 4. Use concrete brick or solid units (soaps) for top masonry course. 5. Point up all joints solid and flush on both sides of walls and partitions. 3.8 FILLING AND GROUTING A. Concrete Fill for Cored Masonry Units: 1. Coordinate masonry work to allow placing of pea rock concrete as indicated and as specified in Concrete section. 2. Fill top courses of concrete masonry walls with concrete before placing or use concrete brick for top courses to assure solid masonry. 3. Pipe chase walls and partitions: Erect after pipes are in place, tested, and accepted. 4. Slots, chases, recesses, openings: Provide as needed for other work or equipment. 5. Setting of items supplied under other sections: Set anchors, bolts, sleeves, access panels, door frames, and other items occurring in masonry as the work proceeds. Project Number SPECIFICATION GUIDELINES 04222 7
6. Steel door frames: Set frames on floor, with floor clips fastened and frames braced in proper position. Grout anchors into masonry joints as walls are erected. B. Fill the Following Voids with Mortar: 1. First cell of blocks abutting door jambs and window frames. 2. Cells of blocks at free ends of partitions and walls. 3. Where necessary for embedment of anchors, and where otherwise shown. 4. Voids around ducts, pipes, conduit, wires, cable trays and other items passing through masonry work, leaving only a small, uniform, smooth aperture to receive firestopping as specified in the Firestopping section. 5. Steel door frames and elevator hoistway door frames in masonry walls and partitions: Grout solid with mortar as masonry is laid. Fill tops of door frames with mortar. END OF SECTION Project Number SPECIFICATION GUIDELINES 04222 8