Pavement Management Systems Basics and Benefits David R. Johnson, P.E. Regional Engineer Asphalt Institute Rocky Mountain Region djohnson@asphaltinstitute.org
Presentation Outline Definition Requirements Benefits Vehicle Analogy Process Preventative Maintenance Condition Survey Typical Outputs Large Agency Example Small Agency Example Recommendations
PMS Defined A Pavement Management System (PMS) is a set of tools for providing, evaluating, and maintaining pavements in a serviceable condition over a period of time AASHTO
What Does a PMS Entail? System Inventory Condition Survey Historical Information Current Status Budget Limits Repair Strategies Repair Alternatives Goals
A Properly Designed Pavement Management System (PMS) Can: Provide a Comprehensive Database Historical Information Construction Data Previous Maintenance Work Invested Amounts Current Conditions Surface Type Pavement Structure Shoulder Type Traffic Usually Summarized in a Single Condition Value
A Properly Designed Pavement Management System (PMS) Can: Estimate Budget Requirements Lobbying Provide a Prospective Project List Provide Repair Strategy Comparisons Predict Future Conditions Provide Prioritization Strategies Improve the Overall Quality of a Transportation System Link with a GIS Database Extend the Dollars Available for Roads How? The right treatment on the right road at the right time!
PMS is Like Auto Maintenance Auto Preventative/Routine Oil Change and Lube Fluid Changes Alignments Pavement Preventative/Routine Crack Seal Chip Seal Pothole Patching Thin Overlay Leveling Course
PMS is Like Auto Maintenance Auto Rehabilitation Break Pads/Shoes Replace Bearings New Tires New Wipers Pavement Rehabilitation Thick (Structural) Overlay Mill and Fill Overlay Full-Depth Patching
PMS is Like Auto Maintenance Auto Reconstruction Body Work Rebuild Engine Rebuild Transmission Pavement Reconstruction Recycle Pavement Cold In-Place Hot In-Place Full-Depth Reclamation Total Reconstruction
PMS Process Strategic Level usage of PMS to support the long-term goals of an agency at a management level. Network Level the entire transportation infrastructural system managed by the PMS. (Big Picture) Project Level and individual project for which a plan-of-action is developed to address its specific need. (Focused Perspective)
Network Level Define Limits System Inventory Historical Data Construction Maintenance Condition Survey Helps to determine needs Develop Maintenance Strategies Current Repair Needs Analyze Repair Costs Incorporate Available Dollars
Network Level Establish Goals Example: To have all flexible pavements at a minimum 70 rating out of 100. Determine Network Needs Prioritize Projects/Roads Interactive Process Select Projects Analyze Their Effects Review Choices Add/Remove/Change Projects
Network Level Provide System Feedback Budget Changes Revise Strategies Update Costs and Life Expectancies Updated Priorities
Project Level Distress Survey Extent of the Work Area Engineering Investigation Soil Samples Pavement Samples Existing Drainage Traffic Analysis
Project Level Design Alignment Surface Type Traffic Permitting Archeological Clearances Right-of-Way Construction/Maintenance Activities
What Happens to the Data? Inventory Data Decision Data Condition Data Feedback Data Analysis Reporting Feedback Make Decisions
Preventive Maintenance Pavement Preservation Improves the overall condition of the pavement network Extends pavement life Reduces user delays Improves road safety SAVES MONEY
Preventive Maintenance Identify available methods Select method Predict the results Run additional iterations This is generally done within a PMS
Treatment Selection Factors Affecting Selection Methods available Pavement distresses Distress severity Maintenance goals Available dollars Selection both an engineering and economic decision.
FHWA Preservation Methods Crack Sealing* Patching Fog Seals* Rejuvenation Sand Seal Chip Seal* Slurry Seal* Cape Seal Microsurfacing* Thin-Lift Overlay* Joint Sealing* Diamond Grinding* Dowel-Bar Retrofit* Partial-Depth Repair of PCC* Full-Depth Repair of PCC* *FHWA Checklist Available
Example FHWA Checklist
Condition Surveys for Unimproved Road Profile Ride Drainage Surface Material Crown Distresses Ruts Potholes Washboarding
Condition Surveys for Gravel Roads Profile Ride Drainage Crown Distresses Ruts Potholes Washboarding Dust
Condition Surveys for Sealed Roads (Chip Sealed) Wear and Flushing Chip Loss Edge Cracking Fatigue (Alligator) Cracking Potholes Patching
Condition Surveys for Asphalt Concrete Surfaces Ride (International Roughness Index IRI) Cracking Transverse Reflection Thermal Longitudinal Fatigue (Alligator) Edge Potholes Patching Surface Deformations Rutting Shoving Surface Defects Bleeding Polished Aggregate Raveling
Condition Surveys for Portland Cement Concrete Surfaces Ride (IRI) Cracking Corner Durability ( D ) Longitudinal Transverse Joint Defects Seal Damage Spalling Surface Defects Scaling Map (Shrinkage) Cracking Polished Aggregate Popouts Miscellaneous Distresses Faulting Blowups Water Bleeding and Pumping Lane-to-Shoulder Drop-off
Pavement Distresses
Remaining Service Life Estimated time until facility looses functionality. Typically reported in years. Often more easily explainable to legislators, managers, and the public.
Generic Deterioration Model 5 Pavement deterioration with maintenace or rehabilitation Present Serviceability Index 4 3 2 1 40% drop in quality 75% of life 40% drop in quality 12% of life $1.00 for Renovation here Pavement deterioration without maintenace or rehabilitation Will cost $5.00 here 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Years
Estimated Unit Costs For Different Repair Strategies Strategy Technique Approximate Cost Preventative Rehabilitative Reconstruction Chip Seal Unit Cost: $1.20/sq. yd. Overlay Unit Cost: $8.65/sq. yd. Reconstruction Unit Cost: $72.00/sq. yd. $19,000 $132,500 $1,100,000 One Mile Two-Lane Road
Repair Strategy vs. Condition 5 Note: All costs in units of dollars/square yard Present Serviceability Index 4 3 2 1 Routine Maintenance ($1.20) Rehabilitation ($8.65) Reconstruction ($72.00) 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Years
Potential Mileage Addressed For Different Repair Strategies Strategy Technique Approximate Repair Miles Preventative Rehabilitative Reconstruction Chip Seal Unit Cost: $1.20/sq. yd. Overlay Unit Cost: $8.65/sq. yd. Reconstruction Unit Cost: $72.00/sq. yd. 52.6 Miles 7.5 Miles 0.91 Miles Assume $1,000,000 Annual Budget
Sample Life-Cycle Cost Model for Different Strategies Routine Maintenance ($19,000/Mile) Six chip seals on a 5-year interval over 30 years ($19,000 X 6) = $114,000 Total Cost Rehabilitative Maintenance ($132,500/Mile) Two overlays and two chip seals on a 15-year interval over 30 years ($132,500 X 2) + ($19,000 X 2) = $303,000 Total Cost Reconstruction ($1,100,000/Mile) Reconstruct on a 30 year interval $1,100,000 Total Cost Note: All dollars in present worth One mile of road
PMS Reports Data Base Functions Charts Tables Query Examples District Surface Type Age Condition Remaining Service Life
Example Pie Chart Current Condition of Surfaced Roads Very Poor 12% Excellent 10% Good 12% Poor 30% Fair 36%
Example Bar Chart Current Condition of Surfaced Roads Very Poor 12% Excellent 10% Good 12% Cost of Repairs Poor 30% Millions of Dollars 80 60 40 20 0 58 46 18 1 3 Excellent Good Fair Poor Very Poor Fair 36% Pavement Condition Note: 42% of roads have 82% of the need in this example
Example Table Rural Road Needs Road Length Need Method Cost River Road Thomas Gulch Road Highway 12 7.2 miles 3.7 miles Routine Maintenance Routine Maintenance 1.6 miles Reconstruction Crack Seal $71,500 Chip Seal $70,300 FDR w/ overlay $1,760,000 Total Cost $1,901,800.00
Real World Example - WSDOT Mid-1960s began collecting pavement condition ratings. 1974 WSDOT implemented its first version of WSPMS. 1993 legislature required project selection based on lowest LCCA. Based on LCCA, determined there is a 2-3 year window when flexible pavements can be rehabilitated.
Real World Example - WSDOT Hot-mix asphalt pavement: 17,342 lane-km (10,776 lane-mi), 60 percent of network. Bituminous surface treatment: 4,843 lane-km (4,843 lane-mi), 27 percent of network. Concrete pavement: 3,640 lane-km (2,262 lane-mi), 13 percent of network.
Real World Example - WSDOT From: FHWA Pub. IF-08-010
Real World Example - WSDOT From: FHWA Pub. IF-08-010
Real World Example Kent County Michigan 2002-2005 Technique Cost Miles of Road Completed Cost per Mile* Chip Seals $202,000 362 $558 Microsurfacing Thin-Lift Overlay $262,000 76.5 $3,425 $761,250 10.5 $72,500 Source: Asphalt Contractor, Nov. 2006 Note: Kent Co. maintains 1,968 miles of road 2007 Budget - $6 Million *Prices verified by Kent County
Real World Example Kent County Michigan Time Frame Activity Allocation Network Expansion 0.45/1.00 2002-2005 Reconstruction 0.20/1.00 2006-2016 Preserving and Maintaining Preserving and Maintaining 0.35/1.00 0.49/1.00 Goal: 70% of primary roads in good condition.
Real World Example Kent County Michigan Year Good (Maintain) Fair (Preserve) Poor (Reconstruct) 1996 45% 40% 15% 1999 -- -- 30% 2005 62% 28% 10% 2016 70% 20% 10%
Recommendations Initiate an RFP Process or Internally Evaluate Currently Available PMS Software, and Choose a PMS Product Implement the PMS Political Buy-in Local Champion Provide Training to Practitioners
PMS Benefits Provides a Useful Database Roadway Information Location Surface type Historical information Current Conditions Provides a Comparison of Repair Options Cost Effective Life Provides Estimated Budget Requirements Provide Estimates for When Goals Will be Met
PMS Benefits Provides a Prediction of Future Conditions Provides a Prediction of Future Needs Helps with Prioritization Strategies Can Improve the Overall Quality of a Transportation System Can Extend the Use of Available Dollars
What a PMS Cannot Do Replace an Informed Decision Maker Substitute for Proper Maintenance Replace Individual Project Evaluations Make All Decisions Give All the Answers
Questions? Asphalt Institute publications that involve Pavement Management Systems MS-4 Asphalt Handbook MS-16 Asphalt in Pavement Preservation and Maintenance MS-19 Basic Asphalt Emulsions Manual http://www.asphaltinstitute.org/store_category _browse.asp?ic_id=11