Drought Traits in Corn Rob Aiken, K-State Northwest Research Extension Center, Colby 2014 No-till Oklahoma Conference
Drought Traits in Corn Drought Gard, Monsanto, Transgenic, cold shock protein (CSPB), from bacteria Artisian, Syngenta, native genes, selected and incorporated into elite germplasm to create water-optimized hybrids AQUAmax, Pioneer, native genes, markerassisted selection in hybrid development program
Experiment Station Field Trials CSU Central Great Plains Station, Akron, CO Joel Schneekloth, David Nielsen KSU Northwest REC, Colby, KS Rob Aiken KSU Southwest REC, Tribune, KS Alan Schlegel Texas A&M Agrilife Research Station, Etter, TX Thomas Marek, Quingwu Xue
Grain Yield (bu/a) 160 Tillage and Population Effects Colby, 2011 140 120 100 80 60 40 15000 20000 25000 30000 20 0 CT early CT med early NT early NT med early Tillage and Relative Maturity
Relative Yield 1.2 Deficit Irrigation Timing Effects on Corn Yield, DroughtGard Colby, Kansas 2013 Well-watered Yield: 200 bu/a 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 DG 111 DG 112 DG 113 DG 114 Check 0 V3-V8 V8-V14 VT-R3 R3-R6 Stress Timing
Impact of Drought Genetics on Irrigation Joel Schneekloth, David Nielsen and Rob Aiken Colorado State University, USDA-ARS, Kansas State University
Impact of Drought Genetics Study initiated in 2012 Akron, CO and Colby, KS Drought Genetics (Monsanto) Timing of water stress and impacts Withhold irrigation during 4 major reproductive time periods Approximately 10 days Pre-tassel Beginning Tassel (Pre-tassel-VT) Beginning Tassel to Silking (VT-R1) Silking to blister (R1-R2) Blister to milk (R2-R3)
Interesting results from prior study Average Crop Water Stress Index 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 Inadequate Capacity ND4903 TXP151 NE5321 Hybrid Veg w/o DG Veg w/ DG Repro w/o DG Repro w/ DG
1.2 1.0 0.8 2012 Akron CO R2-R3 R1-R2 VT-R1 Pre-tassell-VT CWSI 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 7/2/12 7/16/12 7/30/12 8/13/12 8/27/12 9/10/12 DATE
Grain Yield (bu/acre) 200 Drought Genetics Grain Yield Akron, CO, 2012 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 LV-VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 Average Stress Timing Yes No
Grain Yield (bu/acre) 200.0 180.0 160.0 140.0 120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 Drought Genetics Grain Yield Colby, KS, 2012 LV-VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 Average Stress Timing Yes No
Grain Yield (bu/acre) Timing vs Drought Gene and Variety Akron, 2012: 108 CRM 200.0 180.0 160.0 140.0 120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 LV-VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 108 Day Yes 108 Day No
Grain Yield (bu/acre) Timing vs Drought Gene and Variety Colby, 2012: 108 CRM 200.0 180.0 160.0 140.0 120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 LV-VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 108 Day Yes 108 Day No
Grain Yield (bu/acre) Timing vs Drought Gene and Variety Akron, 2012: 99 CRM 180.0 160.0 140.0 120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 LV-VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 99 Day Yes 99 Day No
Grain Yield (bu/acre) Timing vs Drought Gene and Variety Colby, 2012: 99 CRM 200.0 180.0 160.0 140.0 120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 LV-VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 99 Day Yes 99 Day No
Grain Yield (bu/acre) Timing vs Drought Gene and Variety Akron, 2012: 102 CRM 200.0 180.0 160.0 140.0 120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 LV-VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 102 Day Yes 102 Day No
Grain Yield (bu/acre) Timing vs Drought Gene and Variety Colby, 2012: 102 CRM 200.0 180.0 160.0 140.0 120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 LV-VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 102 Day Yes 102 Day No
Yield (bu/a, five ears) 250 240 230 220 210 200 190 180 170 160 150 Water Deficit: Timing Effects on Corn Yield Colby, 2012 25 27 29 31 33 35 Kernels per Row I_1 I_2 I_3 I_4
Water Use (in) 20 15 10 2012 LIC Corn Water Use 35 199955VT3 30.25" 20871VT2P DKC4930 30 26.82" DKC5259 24.87" 24.56" NB5101 ND4903 25 NH4329 NH5759 5 0 R2-R3 R1-R2 VT-R1 Pre-tassel-VT Irrigation Treatment
Yield (bu/a) 155 Corn Hybrid Yield and Water Use Colby, KS, 2012 150 145 140 135 130 125 26.5 27 27.5 28 28.5 29 Water Use (in) 93 99 99 102 101 99 107 108
Crop ET (inches) 35 Crop ET by Hybrid - 2012 Colby, KS 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Variety
Crop ET (inches) 35 Crop ET by Water Stress Timing 2012 Colby, KS 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Pre-Tassel-VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 Growth Stage Stress
1.0 0.8 Pre-tassel to VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 2013 Akron CO CWSI 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 7/1/13 7/15/13 7/29/13 8/12/13 8/26/13 9/9/13 DATE
Grain Yield (bu/acre) 250 Average Yields by Water Stress Timing 2013 200 150 100 50 0 LV-VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 Water Stress Timing Akron Colby
Water Use (in) 2013 LIC Corn Water Use 25 198-00DG 20.90" 19.18" 20.02" 20.63 199-00DG 208-71VT DKC47 20 DKC50 DKC51 DKC52 DKC57 15 10 5 0 Pre-tassel -VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 Irrigation Treatment
Crop ET (inches) 30 Crop ET by Hybrid - 2013 Colby, KS 25 20 15 10 5 0 Variety
Crop ET (inches) 30 Crop ET by Water Stress Timing 2013 Colby, KS 25 20 15 10 5 0 Pre-Tassel-VT VT-R1 R1-R2 R2-R3 Growth Stage Stress
300 250 Monsanto Corn LIC Experiment 2009-2011 2012 2013 200 Bu/acre 150 100 50 0 2009-2012 bu/a = 14.63 (in - 8.30) r 2 = 0.65 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Water Use (in)
Conclusions Previous work has shown the potential of Drought Genetics when comparing isolines. However, the large variability in genetics dwarfs the what we could see in comparisons with currently available genetics. There were time periods with water stress where there could be potential benefits.
Marker-assisted selection Classic crop breeding program Elite breeding lines Testing hybrid combinations Managed environment Controlled water supply Statistical model for soil variability Genetic markers Method of associating genetic traits and plant performance Permits selection of superior hybrid combinations
Grain yield of a sequence of maize hybrids and two open-pollinated varieties plotted against the year of commercial release of the hybrids. Cooper M et al. J. Exp. Bot. 2014;jxb.eru064 The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.
Grain yield response to plant population for a drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive maize hybrid, indicated in Fig. 1, for a favourable (a) and drought (b) environmental breakout. Cooper M et al. J. Exp. Bot. 2014;jxb.eru064 The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.
Modelled (a) soil plant water balance, (b) biomass accumulation, and (c) yield for a droughtsensitive maize hybrid (dashed line) and a drought-tolerant maize hybrid (solid line) of similar maturity for an environment management scenario that results in progressive depletion of the available soil water from day 25 after planting. Cooper M et al. J. Exp. Bot. 2014;jxb.eru064 The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.
Measured difference in available soil water between a drought-sensitive and AQUAmax drought-tolerant hybrid in an environment management scenario comparable with that depicted in Fig. 6. Cooper M et al. J. Exp. Bot. 2014;jxb.eru064 The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.
Grain yield response to plant population for an AQUAmax, drought-tolerant and droughtsensitive maize hybrid for a favourable (a) and drought (b) environmental breakout. Cooper M et al. J. Exp. Bot. 2014;jxb.eru064 The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.
Comparison of grain yield for a set of commercial and pre-commercial maize hybrids, between a well-watered favourable environmental breakout and drought environmental breakout conducted under managed-environment conditions. Cooper M et al. J. Exp. Bot. 2014;jxb.eru064 The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.
Impact of Drought Genetics Drought is always a major concern in the Central Plains even under irrigation Capacity Breakdown GMO Technology Not new herbicide and insect resistance New Genetics? Can they influence water stress impacts? Higher drought tolerance?
Yield (bu/a) 155 150 145 140 135 130 125 120 115 1 2 D1 Hybrids vs Conventional Hybrids