PROJECT Cambridge, MA SIZE Total: 103,900 sqft Addition: 76,700 sqft Renovation: 27,200 sqft CLIENT City of Cambridge ARCHITECT WILLIAM RAWN ASSOCIATES ASSOCIATE ARCHITECT ANN BEHA ARCHITECTS LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT MICHAEL VAN VALKENBURGH ASSOCIATES STRUCTURAL ENGINEER LEMESSURIER CONSULTING ENGINEERS MEP ENGINEER R.G. VANDERWEIL ENGINEERS LIGHTING HORTON LEES BROGDEN LIGHTING DESIGNERS CIVIL ENGINEER HW MOORE IT & A/V CCR PYRAMID FACADE CONSULTANT OVE ARUP FACADE GROUP CONTRACTOR CONSIGLI/JW WHITE
45 MULTI-STORY THERMAL FLUE 12 DEEP MICROPERFORATED SHADING LOUVERS THE DESIGN INTENT FOR THE BROUGHT THE CHALLENGE OF PRESERVING THE ORIGINAL BUILDING DESIGNED IN 1889 BY VAN BRUNT AND HOWE IN ITS RICHARDSONIAN AND ROMANESQUE STYLE WHILE MODERNIZING THE LIBRARY IN MUCH NEED OF REPAIR. WILLIAM RAWN ALONG WITH ANN BEHA ALSO INTENDED TO FURTHER CONNECT THE BUILDING TO THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE CAMBRIDGE RESIDENTS BY CREATING A SENSE OF HAVING A LIBRARY IN THE PARK. MAJOR GREEN STRATEGIES THE SITE, LOCATED ADJACENT TO THE CAMBRIDGE RINDGE AND LATIN HIGH SCHOOL, IS SURROUNDED BY A SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF PARK SPACE WHICH THE ARCHITECTS WANTED TO PRESERVE AND TAKE ADVANTAGE OF BY MAXIMIZING THE USE OF GLASS ON THE FACADE. THIS OPENED THE OPPORTUNITY TO CREATE THE FIRST DOUBLE SKIN CURTAIN WALL IN THE UNITED STATES TO INCORPORATE ALL OF THE COMPONENTS SEEN IN EUROPEAN BUILDINGS. THESE INCLUDE: A THREE FOOT DEEP AIRSPACE, MULTI-STORY THERMAL FLUE, AND MOVABLE FOOT DEEP SUN SHADES. ASIDE FROM VISUAL TRANSPARENCY TO THE PARK, THESE DESIGN COMPONENTS ALLOW FOR DAYLIGHT MAXIMIZATION, THERMAL COMFORT AND INSULATION, SHADING FROM THE SUN, PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING, AND NATURAL VENTILATION. DESPITE THE DOUBLE ENVELOPE DESIGN BEING THE MOST PROMINENT GREEN STRATEGY USED, THE LIBRARY DESIGN ALSO TAKES HEAVY CONSIDERATION FOR THE SITE ITSELF. AGAIN, IN AN ATTEMPT TO PROTECT THE PARK, THE ARCHITECTS TRIED TO MAINTAIN THE DESIGN CONSTRICTED TO THE FOOTPRINT OF THE ALREADY EXISTING SURFACE PARKING LOT FOR THE OLD LIBRARY. THIS ALLOWED TO FREE UP FOUR ACRES OF PARK SPACE. A PARKING GARAGE WAS INSTALLED BELOW GROUND WHICH OFFERS A REDUCED HEAT ISLAND EFFECT AND STORMWATER RUNOFF FROM PAVED SURFACES. A CISTERN OF 350,000 GALLONS WAS ALSO INSTALLED TO SERVE AS A STORMWATER CATCHMENT SYSTEM THAT NOT ONLY SERVES THE LIBRARY, BUT FOR RESIDENTS IN A THREE MILE RADIUS OF THE SITE. BAR THE ENTRANCE, THE SURFACE AREA OF THE PARKING GARAGE IS ENTIRELY COVERED BY A GREEN ROOF WHICH HAS A FOUR FOOT DEPTH - SUFFICIENT TO ALLOW FOR THE PLANTING OF TREES. 90% OF THE BUILDING IS LIT WITH NATURAL LIGHT 350,000 GALLON STORMWATER CATCHMENT CISTERN DOUBLE SKIN FACADE EXPECTED TO LOSE 50% LESS HEAT PER UNIT AREA THAN CONVENTION CURTAINWALL FACADE SYSTEM 33,000 SQFT INTENSIVE GREEN ROOF PROTECTED TWO EUROPEAN BEECH TREES AND A LARGE WEEPING WILLOW 21% COMBINED RECYCLED CONTENT OF OVERALL MATERIAL COST ALONG FIVE BUS ROUTES DEDICATED BIKE LANE ALONG BROADWAY BIKE RACKS AND STORAGE STAFF ACCESS TO SHOWERS AND LOCKER SPACE
PROJECT Cambridge, MA SIZE Total: 103,900 sqft Addition: 76,700 sqft Renovation: 27,200 sqft CLIENT City of Cambridge ARCHITECT WILLIAM RAWN ASSOCIATES BUILDING TYPE LIBRARY LOCATION LATITUDE 42.4 N LONGITUDE 71.1 W HEATING DEGREE DAYS 5621 BASE 65 F COOLING DEGREE DAYS 2938 BASE 50 F SOLAR RADIATION Jan 574 Btu/ft2/day Jun 1794 Btu/ft2/day ANNUAL PRECIPITATION 43 inches PERFORMANCE METRICS EUI CARBON EMISSIONS WATER USE LEED NC 2.2 SILVER CERTIFIED
GREEN DESIGN STRATEGIES NOT APPLICABLE TO PROJECT Site Analysis Insulation Glazing Double Envelope Green Roofs Daylight Factors Daylight Zoning Toplighting Sidelighting Light Shelves Internal Reflectance Shading Devices Electric Lighting Direct Gain Indirect Gain Isolated Gain Active Solar Thermal Ground Source Heat Pump Cross Ventilation Stack Ventilation Night Ventilation Earth Cooling Tubes Plug Loads Energy Recovery Photovoltaics Wind Turbines Microhydro Fuel Cell Combined Heat/Power Composting Toilets Water Reuse/Recycle Living Machines Water Catchment Previous Surfaces Bioswales Retention Ponds FEATURED IN PROJECT DISCUSSED WITH POTENTIAL
UPPER OPERABLE VENTILATION INTERIOR GLAZING STRUCTURAL FRAME OPERABLE SUN SHADE EXTERIOR GLAZING EXHAUST VENT WITH OPERABLE GLASS LOUVERS SUN SHADE CANOPY OUTER SKIN INNER SKIN OPERABLE ALUMINUM LOUVERS GLASS VISORS OPERABLE WINDOWS STRUCTURAL LADDER FRAME OPERABLE ALUMINUM LOUVERS MAINTENANCE CATWALKS GLASS VISORS OPERABLE WINDOWS INTAKE TRENCH WITH OPERABLE DAMPER FRAME AND GLAZING LOWER OPERABLE VENTILATION VENTILATION SHADING
WINTER AIR FLOW SPRING/FALL AIR FLOW SUMMER AIR FLOW CLOSED TOP AND BOTTOM VENTS TRAP AIR INSIDE DOUBLE SKIN CAVITY CLOSED LOUVERS SHIELD FROM LOW ANGLED SUN GLARE INTO BUILDING HIGH ANGLED SUN IS CAUGHT BY THE HORIZONTAL LOUVERS, HEATING THE DOUBLE SKIN CAVITY AND PROVIDING SHADE TO BUILDING AIR WITHIN CAVITY HEATS UP, EFFECTIVELY CREATING THERMAL BARRIER BETWEEN INTERN AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTS UPPER AND LOWER VENTS ARE OPENED OR CLOSED TO MODULATE TEMPERATURE OF CAVITY OPERABLE WINDOWS ALLOW NATURAL VENTILATION AIR HEATS UP AND RISES WITHIN CAVITY, CREATING CHIMNEY EFFECT AND DRAWING HOT AIR AWAY FROM BUILDING MASS COOLER AIR IS DRAWN INTO DOUBLE SKIN CAVITY THROUGH OPEN LOWER VENTS