UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA. EAA 455/2 Reinforced Concrete Structural Design II [Rekabentuk Struktur Konkrit Bertetulang II]

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UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA First Semester Examination 2010/2011 Academic Session November 2010 EAA 455/2 Reinforced Concrete Structural Design II [Rekabentuk Struktur Konkrit Bertetulang II] Duration: 2 hours Masa : 2 jam Please check that this examination paper consists of ELEVEN (11) pages of printed material before you begin the examination. [Sila pastikan bahawa kertas peperiksaan ini mengandungi SEBELAS (11) muka surat yang bercetak sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan ini.] Instructions : This paper contains FIVE (5) questions. Answer FOUR (4) questions. [Arahan : Kertas ini mempunyai LIMA (5) soalan. Jawab EMPAT (4) soalan. You may answer the question either in Bahasa Malaysia or English. [Anda dibenarkan menjawab soalan sama ada dalam Bahasa Malaysia atau Bahasa Inggeris]. All questions MUST BE answered on a new page. [Semua soalan MESTILAH dijawab pada muka surat baru]. In the event of any discrepancies, the English version shall be used. [Sekiranya terdapat percanggahan pada soalan peperiksaan, versi Bahasa Inggeris akan diguna pakai]....2/-

- 2-1. a) Determine the allowable structural capacity of a mm diameter micro pile using the following data:- Grout grade = 30 N/mm 2 Reinforcement = 6 T25 f y = 460 N/mm 2 E grout = 27 kn/mm 2 E steel = 200 kn/mm 2 Factor of safety = 2.5 [10 marks] b) A typical section of an abutment subjected to multiple loads is shown in Figure 1.0. The abutment is supported by spun piles where PV7 and PR6 indicate SEVEN (7) vertical piles in a row and SIX (6) raked piles (1:4 ratio) in a row, respectively. The allowable working load of the pile is 450 kn. Check the capacity of both vertical and raked piles. [15 marks] 200 kn 150 2000 kn 80 kn 150 150 500 kn 150 kn 900 kn 1000 200 kn PR7 PR6 400 400 Figure 1.0 Typical Section of an Abutment...3/-

- 3-2. a) The design concrete shear stress of a section can be enhanced by:- i) adding more reinforcement ii) using higher concrete grade iii) increasing the effective depth of the section Discuss and provide engineering justifications on the best solution to enhance the design concrete shear stress of a pilecap section where no alteration can be made to the pile spacing. [5 marks] b) Design and provide complete detailing for the pilecap shown in Figure 2.0 using the BENDING THEORY. Alteration to the pilecap dimensions and shear enhancement are NOT ALLOWED. The design parameters are as follows:- Column load (at ultimate) = 2400 kn Column size = 500 mm x 500 mm Pile diameter = mm Concrete grade = 40 N/mm 2 Diameter of the main reinforcement = 32 mm fy = 460 N/mm 2 Pile embedded length = 75 mm Overall depth of the pile cap = 1200 mm [20 marks] Colum Figure 2.0 Plan of Pilecap (4PG)...4/-

- 4-3. a) Discuss in detail the underlying principles of a floor with and without column head and drop panel in designing flat slab. [10 marks] b) A flat slab has columns at 7.0 m centres in all directions and subjected to imposed load of 4kN/m 2 as shown in Figure 3.0. The characteristic strength of concrete, f cu is 30 N/mm 2 and the characteristic strength of reinforcement, f y is 460 N/mm 2. The architect has decided to use 275 mm overall thickness of slab, 2.5 m square by 1000 mm deep drop panels and column heads of 1.4 m diameter. i) Calculate the amount of reinforcement required for bending ii) Check the adequacy of the flat slab in punching shear iii) Check the deflection [15 marks] 4. a) Figure 3.0 Flat Slab For a cantilever wall, with the aid of diagrams sketch the approximate base widths for different backfill conditions, i.e. horizontal fill, surcharge and sloping fills for T-shaped, L-shaped and Reversed L-shaped retaining walls. [3 marks]...5/-

- 5 - b) A retaining wall has to be designed to retain 4.5 m high earth, which has a horizontal surface at the top. Soil investigation studies showed that the soil is well drained dense sand of unit weight 16.5 kn/m 2 and the angle of repose is 30 o. The soil material at the base is the same type of sand. Soil tests showed that the bearing capacity is 150 kn/m 2 and the coefficient of friction between the soil and base is 0.55. Design a reinforced concrete T shaped cantilever wall to retain the earth using C30 grade concrete, and the steel reinforcement characteristic strength used is f y = 460 N/mm 2. It was proposed that the reinforcement bars used are 20 mm diameter bars and the nominal cover is 40 mm. The coefficient of passive pressure can be assumed as 3.0. Sketch the T shaped cantilever wall showing the dimensions and amount of reinforcements required. [22 marks] 5. a) There are THREE (3) different concepts to explain and analyze the basic behavior of prestressed concrete. Discuss with the aid of suitable sketches, the second concept that stated prestressing for combination of high-strength steel and concrete. Next, using this concept, compute the stresses in the concrete at the midpan section of the simply supported beam shown in Figure 4.0 [10 marks] 400 N.A N.A 180 350 0 Figure 4.0 Beam profile and section...6/-

- 6 - b) The tendon arrangement at the critical section of a 15 meter simply supported Class 2 post-tensioned beam is shown in Figure 5.0. Compute and provide relevant comments on the stresses of the outermost fibres at transfer and service using the following data:- Sectional area, Section Modulus, Z b = Z t Concrete strength at transfer, f ci Concrete strength at service, f cu Concrete density, γ c Service load, w Jacking Force, Loss factor, K w s A c P o = 2.13 x 10 5 mm 2 = 35.12 x 10 6 mm 3 = 25 N/mm 2 = 40 N/mm 2 = 24 kn/m 3 = 12 kn/m = 1100 kn = 0.8 [15 marks] Figure 5.0 Tendon arrangement at critical section...7/-

- 7-1. a) Tentukan keupayaan struktur yang dibenarkan untuk cerucuk mikro bergarispusat mm menggunakan data-data berikut:- Gred turap = 30 N/mm 2 Tetulang = 6 T25 f y = 460 N/mm 2 E turap = 27 kn/mm 2 E keluli = 200 kn/mm 2 Faktor keselamatan = 2.5 [10 markah] b) Satu keratan tipikal tembok landas yang dikenakan beban berganda ditunjukkan di Rajah 1.0. Tembok landas tersebut ditopang oleh cerucuk spun dimana PV7 dan PR6 masing-masing merujuk kepada TUJUH (7) cerucuk pugak sebaris dan ENAM (6) cerucuk sadak (nisbah 1:4) sebaris. Beban kerja dibenarkan untuk cerucuk tersebut adalah 450 kn. Semak keupayaan keduadua cerucuk pugak dan sadak tersebut. [15 markah] 200 kn 150 2000 kn 80 kn 150 150 500 kn 150 kn 900 kn 1000 200 kn PR7 PR6 400 400 Rajah 1.0 Keratan Tipikal Tembok Landas...8/-

- 8-2. a) Tegasan ricih rekabentuk konkrit untuk satu keratan boleh ditingkatkan dengan :- i) menambahkan bilangan tetulang ii) menggunakan gred konkrit yang lebih tinggi iii) meningkatkan kedalaman berkesan keratan tersebut Bincang dan sertakan justifikasi kejuruteraan bagi penyelesaian terbaik untuk meningkatkan tegasan ricih rekabentuk keratan satu tetopi cerucuk dimana tidak ada perubahan boleh dibuat terhadap selaan cerucuk tersebut. [5 markah] b) Rekabentuk dan sediakan perincian yang lengkap untuk tetopi cerucuk seperti di Rajah 2.0. menggunakan TEORI LENTURAN. Perubahan dimensi tetopi cerucuk dan peringkat keupayaan ricih adalah TIDAK DIBENARKAN. Parameter rekabentuk adalah seperti berikut:- Beban tiang (pada had muktamad) = 2400 kn Saiz tiang = 500 mm x 500 mm Garispusat cerucuk = mm Gred konkrit = 40 N/mm 2 Garispusat tetulang utama = 32 mm fy = 460 N/mm 2 Kedalaman tusukan cerucuk = 75 mm Kedalaman keseluruhan tetopi cerucuk = 1200 mm [20 markah] Colum Rajah 2.0 Pelan Tetopi Cerucuk (4PG)...9/-

- 9-3. a) Bincangkan dengan terperinci prinsip yang penting papak menggunakan kepala dan tanpa kepalaa tiang dan panel jatuhan di dalam merekabentuk papak rata. [10 markah] b) Sebuah papak rata mempunyai jarak tiang 7.0 m pusat ke pusat di dalam semua arah dan dikenakan beban kenaan sebesar 4kN/m 2 seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3.0. Kekuatan ciri konkrit, f cu ialah 30 N/mm 2 dan kekuatan ciri tetulang, f y ialah 460 N/mm 2. Akitek memutuskan untuk menggunakan ketebalan keseluruhan papak 275 mm, panel jatuhan 2.5 m segiempat sama dengan kedalaman 100 mm serta garispusat kepada tiang 1.4 m diameter. i) Kirakan tetulang yang diperlukan untuk lenturan. ii) Semak kecukupan papak merintangi ricih tebukan. iii) Semak pesongan [15 markah] Rajah 3.0 Papak Rata 4. a) Untuk sebuah dinding jejulur berbantukan rajah yang dilakar, lakar lebar tapak yang sesuai untuk keadaan kambus cerun untuk bentuk dinding perahan T, bentuk L dan bentuk L terbalik. [3 markah]...10/-

- 10 - b) Sebuah dididing perahan perlu direkabentuk untuk menahan 4.5 m tinggi tanah, yang mempunyai permukaan mendatar di atas. Kajian tanah menunjukkan bahawa tanah ini ada jenis pasir mampat tersalir dengan berat tentu 16.5 kn/m 2 dan sudut 30 o. Bahan tanah di tapak ialah jenis pasir yang sama. Ujian tanah menunjukkan keupayaan galas ialah 150 kn/m 2 dan pekali geseran antara tanah dan tapak ialah 0.55. Rekabentuk sebuah struktur bertulang T diding jejulur untuk menanda arah dengan konkrit C30 dan ciri kekuatan tetulang keluli ialah f y = 460 N/mm 2. Dicadangkan bahan bertetulang yang akan digunakan ialah garispusat 20 mm dan tutupan nominal ialah 40 mm. Pekali tukaran pasif boleh diandaikan sebagai 3.0. Lakar dinding jejulur bentuk T menunjukkan dimensi dan tetulang. [22 markah] 5. a) Terdapat TIGA (3) konsep yang berbeza untuk menerangkan dan menganalisa kelakuan konkrit prategasan. Bincang dengan berbantukan lakaran yang sesuai, konsep kedua yang menyatakan prategasan untuk menggabungkan keluli berkekuatan tinggi dan konkrit. Seterusnya, dengan menggunakan konsep tersebut, kira tegasan-tegasan didalam konkrit pada keratan pertengahan rentang rasuk tersangga mudah seperti di Rajah 4.0 [10 markah] 400 N.A 350 N.A 180 0 Rajah 4.0 Profil rasuk dan keratan...11/-

- 11 - b) Susunan tendonn di keratan genting satu rasuk pasca-tegasan tersanggaa mudah Kelas 2 dengan rentangan 15 meter adalah seperti di Rajah 5.0. Kira dan sertakan ulasan yang bersesuaian terhadap tegasan-tegasan serabut terluar pada masa pindah dan kebolehkhidmatan menggunakan data-data berikut:- Luas keratan, A c = 2.13 x 10 5 mm 2 Modulus keratan, Z b = Z t = 35.12 x 10 6 mm 3 Kekuatan konkrit masa pindah, f ci = 25 N/mm 2 Kekuatan konkrit masa kebolehkhidmatan, f cu = 40 N/mm 2 Ketumpatan konkrit, γ c = 24 kn/m 3 Beban kebolehkhidmatan, Daya tujahan, P o w s = 12 kn/m = 1100 kn Faktor kehilangan, K = 0.8 [15 markah] Rajah 5.0 Susunan tendor di keratan genting ooooooooo