Water Pollution Environmental Science
Reminders Water Assignment - Due Monday 2nd News Article/Review Game - Weds. 10/16 2nd Exam - Fri. 10/18
Sources of Water Saltwater (97.6%) Freshwater (2.4%) Ice caps and glaciers (2.1%) Available (0.3%) surface water (lakes, ponds, streams, rivers) ground water soil water atmosphere
Uses Agricultural (70%) - Irrigation, Livestock Industrial (25%) - Power Plants, Mining, Manufacturing (ingredient, cooling, cleaning), Fracking, Shiping Domestic (6%) - Flushing, Cleaning, Drinking, Hygiene
Water Pollution Any change in water quality that adversely affects living organisms or makes water unsuitable for desired uses.
Code Blue On lab benches are labeled canisters and extraction cards. Listen to story of ocean. When name on your canister/card is called If canister, empty contents into bowl If card, remove resource with forceps Answer questions
Code Blue What were the pollutants? chemical fertilizers mercury oil abandoned nets antibiotics litter sewage debris
Code Blue What changes occurred to ocean? color change - green, dirty, oily debris algae blooms loss of coral, fish, whales, birds, mangroves
Great Pacific Garbage Patch http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/ encyclopedia/great-pacific-garbage-patch/?ar_a=1
Code Blue Pollutants? Sources? P vs NP? chem. fertilizers mercury oil abandoned nets antibiotics litter sewage debris Farming NP Coal Burning Oil wells P Fishing P Aquaculture Ships, Land Homes P NP NP Natural Disasters P, NP NP
Code Blue What other problems occurred in addition to pollution? algal blooms over-harvesting - fish, whales extinction of species sea level rise
Table 10. 1 Water Pollutants Textbook Good summary of water pollutants, their causes and effects
Sewage Wastewater from drains and sewers. Contains human waste, soap, detergents Needs O2 to be decomposed (less O2 for living organisms) Desirable sport fish such as salmon and trout cannot live in low oxygen. Organisms that can withstand low oxygen - carp, leeches, midges
Disease -Causing Agents Definition: organisms that cause disease, often bacteria, protozoa or worms Main Source: human, animal sewage
Cholera Caused by bacteria Main symptom is diarrhea untreated - 50% mortality
Typhoid caused by bacteria main symptom is fever
Blood Fluke adult lives in human intestines eggs released into water via feces larva bores into snail adult bursts out of snail bores thru skin to enter body
Guinea Worm adult female lives under skin she forms sore to release eggs larva live inside small aquatic organisms called copepods humans get infested by drinking water with the copepods Male and female mate inside human gut.
Giardia caused by protozoan (singlecelled animal-like organism) causes diarrhea/cramps forms resistant cysts that can survive water treatment
Cryptosporidium caused by protozoan (singlecelled animal-like organism) causes diarrhea and flu-like symptoms also forms resistant cysts that can bypass water treatment
Plant Nutrients sewage and fertilizer run-off causes algae blooms dead algae is detritus as decomposers eat detritus, depletes oxygen
Dead Zone-Gulf of Mexico 5000-7000 square miles of low oxygen due to farm run-off from Mississippi watershed. http://essea.strategies.org/module.php?module_id=92
Pfeisteria - The Cell from Hell Algae that is experiencing exponential growth along Atlantic coast due to farm and hog farm run-off. Plant-like part of life cycle photosynthesizes but animal-like part of life cycle feeds on fish.
Sediments Sediments are caused by soil run-off Sediments can smother organisms Sediments reduces light penetration and thus photosynthesis
Thermal Pollution Any change in water temperature Removing trees increases temperature. Many industrial discharges release hot water. Dams can change water temperature Warmer water has less O2, fewer desirable fish survive.
Oil Pollution oil well leaks, explosions spills from tankers, pipelines leaking boat motors run-off from parking lots
Cuyahoga River Fire Cuyahoga River is in NE Ohio On June 22, 1969, it caught fire due to the oil and gasoline pollution. Photo made national news. Wasn t the first time. Helped raise awareness of water pollution.