Thursday 26 January 2012 Morning

THIS IS A LEGACY SPECIFICATION H Thursday 26 January 2012 Morning GCSE GATEWAY SCIENCE ADDITIONAL SCIENCE B B623/02 Unit 1 Modules B3 C3 P3 (Higher Tier) *B620760112* Candidates answer on the Question Paper. A calculator may be used for this paper. OCR supplied materials: None Other materials required: Pencil Ruler (cm/mm) Duration: 1 hour * B 6 2 3 0 2 * INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes above. Please write clearly and in capital letters. Use black ink. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only. Answer all the questions. Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting your answer. Write your answer to each question in the space provided. Additional paper may be used if necessary but you must clearly show your candidate number, centre number and question number(s). Do not write in the bar codes. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. A list of physics equations is printed on page two. The Periodic Table is printed on the back page. The total number of marks for this paper is 60. This document consists of 24 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. [Y/103/4259] DC (NF/CGW) 44052/5 OCR is an exempt Charity Turn over

2 EQUATIONS speed = distance time taken acceleration = change in speed time taken force = mass acceleration work done = force distance power = work done time kinetic energy = 1 2 mv2 potential energy = mgh weight = mass gravitational field strength resistance = voltage current

3 BLANK PAGE Question 1 begins on page 4. PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE Turn over

4 Answer all the questions. Section A Module B3 1 Rennin is an enzyme that is used to make cheese. When added to milk, it makes the milk curdle and form a solid. It does this by making a protein called casein. (a) Bob and Jane investigate how long it takes rennin to curdle milk at different phs. They plot their results on a graph. 150 100 time in seconds 50 0 4 5 6 7 8 ph (i) Finish the graph by drawing the best curve. [1]

(ii) Bob says that the results prove that ph 6 is the optimum ph for rennin. 5 Is Bob correct?... Explain your answer....... [1] (b) An enzyme called pepsin breaks down casein. Casein is broken down into smaller molecules called amino acids. This happens in the stomach. (i) Describe what happens to the amino acids next.......... [2] (ii) Pepsin has an optimum ph of 2. Look at the graphs. Which graph or graphs are correct? reaction time A reaction rate B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ph 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ph reaction rate C reaction time D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ph 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ph answer... [1] Turn over

6 (c) Rennin is made by cells in the stomach lining of cows. The structure of rennin is determined by DNA. Explain how.... [3] [Total: 8]

7 BLANK PAGE PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE Turn over

2 (a) The diagram shows a sperm cell. 8 acrosome mitochondria (i) Explain why a sperm cell needs a large number of mitochondria....... [1] (ii) Explain why a sperm cell needs an acrosome....... [1] (b) Some sperm cells may carry mutated genes. Write down one factor that can increase the chance of mutation.... [1] (c) Sperm cells and egg cells are haploid because of meiosis. (i) Why is it important that they are haploid?...... [1]

(ii) The diagram represents a cell before meiosis. 9 It contains four chromosomes. This cell could produce four different cells as a result of meiosis. Complete the diagrams to show the four possible combinations of chromosomes. [1] (d) When a sperm cell fertilises an egg cell, the new zygote divides. New types of cells are formed by differentiation. Some cells remain undifferentiated. What name is given to these cells?... [1] [Total: 6] Turn over

3 The photograph shows some blood cells. 10 (a) Red blood cells are adapted to carry oxygen. One way they are adapted is their small size. This allows them to pass through very small capillaries. (i) Explain one other reason why their small size is an adaptation to carry oxygen....... [1] (ii) Describe one other way red blood cells are adapted to carry oxygen....... [1] (b) Some people have heart disease because the blood flow in the coronary arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle becomes restricted. Explain how the blood flow becomes restricted.... [1] (c) Some people with heart disease need heart transplants. Scientists have cloned genetically engineered pigs. The pigs contain some human genes. If their hearts are given to humans as transplants there is less risk of these being rejected. (i) Suggest one other advantage of getting hearts from cloned pigs....... [1]

(ii) 11 How can a genetically engineered pig be cloned? Complete the flow chart to show your answer. take a skin cell from a genetically engineered pig remove the nucleus remove the nucleus implant the cell into another pig the cell grows into a clone of the genetically engineered pig [2] [Total: 6] Turn over

12 Section B Module C3 4 Look at the table. It shows the properties of some Group 7 elements. element molecular formula atomic number colour state at room temperature melting point in C boiling point in C fluorine F 2 9 pale yellow gas... 188 chlorine Cl 2 17 pale green... 101 35 bromine Br 2 35 red / brown iodine I 2 53 dark grey liquid 7 59 solid 114 184 astatine At 2 85 black solid 302... (a) (i) Complete the table to show the state of chlorine at room temperature. [1] (ii) Complete the table to estimate the melting point of fluorine and the boiling point of astatine. Use ideas about trends down a group. [2] (b) Sodium reacts with fluorine to make sodium fluoride, NaF. Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction.... [2] [Total: 5]

5 (a) Jane carries out some flame tests. 13 Describe how she does a flame test. You may wish to draw a diagram to help your answer.... [3] (b) Jane s teacher reacts sodium with water. A gas is made which gives a squeaky pop with a lighted splint. An alkaline solution is also made. (i) Write a word equation for this reaction.... [2] (ii) Sodium loses electrons to make sodium ions, Na +. What is the name of this type of reaction? Choose from this list. displacement oxidation precipitation reduction answer... [1] [Total: 6] Turn over

6 This question is about sulfur. 14 Use the Periodic Table on the back page to help you to answer these questions. Find sulfur in the Periodic Table. (a) To which period in the Periodic Table does sulfur belong?... [1] (b) The atomic number of sulfur is 16. What is meant by atomic number?... [1] (c) Draw the electronic structure of a sulfur atom. [1] [Total: 3]

7 Iron is a transition element. 15 (a) Iron(II) sulfate solution reacts with sodium hydroxide solution to make an insoluble solid called iron(ii) hydroxide. Complete the sentences. Two solutions are mixed. An insoluble solid is made. This type of solid is called a.... [1] (b) What is the colour of iron(ii) hydroxide?... [1] (c) In this reaction iron(ii) ions, Fe 2+, react with hydroxide ions, OH. Iron(II) hydroxide, Fe(OH) 2, is made. Write the balanced ionic equation for this reaction.... [2] [Total: 4] 8 This question is about the elements in the Periodic Table. Look at this list of elements. aluminium calcium gold lithium argon chlorine helium oxygen Answer the questions. Choose your answers from the list. Each element may be used once, more than once or not at all. The Periodic Table on the back page may help you. (a) Which element has an atom with only one electron in its outer shell?... [1] (b) Which element has an electronic structure of 2.8.8.2?... [1] [Total: 2] Turn over

16 Section C Module P3 9 Cliff is a lorry driver. (a) The diagram shows how air flows around his lorry. The lorry is a new design called a teardrop. It uses 10% less fuel than a normally-shaped lorry. (i) Cliff drives his lorry at a constant speed. The two horizontal forces acting on the lorry are the thrust (driving force) and the drag force. Describe the relationship between these two forces.... [1] (ii) The shape of the lorry reduces the drag force. Explain how this affects the maximum possible speed of the lorry. Use ideas about forces.......... [2]

(b) Cliff is driving the lorry on a motorway. 17 He sees the traffic in front is not moving. He starts to brake. Which two factors will affect Cliff s thinking distance? Put ticks ( ) in the boxes next to the two correct answers. the speed of the lorry the road conditions the condition of the brakes the condition of the tyres how tired Cliff is [2] [Total: 5] Turn over

10 Sandy is working out at the health club. 18 She is lifting dumbbell weights as fast as she can. 50 N dumbbell left arm Each arm lifts a 50 N dumbbell 0.6 m. This lift takes 0.9 s. (a) Calculate the work done by Sandy s left arm every time she lifts the dumbbell. The equations on page 2 may help you. answer... [2] (b) Calculate the average power developed in Sandy s left arm. The equations on page 2 may help you. answer... W [2] [Total: 4]

19 11 Ray fastens his seat belt every time he travels in a car. The seat belt will absorb energy if the car stops suddenly. (a) Explain how a seat belt reduces the forces on Ray if the car crashes.... [2] (b) Ray leans forward in his seat. He exerts a force of 20 N on his seat belt. What force does the seat belt exert on Ray? Put a ring around the correct answer. 0 N 10 N 20 N 40 N [1] [Total: 3] Turn over

20 12 Electric cars have batteries that must be recharged. Westminster Council has introduced the largest on-street car recharging service in the UK. (a) Dave says, electric cars are better because they do not pollute the environment. Marina says, they do pollute, but not at the point of use. Explain what Marina means.... [2]

21 (b) The graph shows how an electric car accelerates from rest. 35 30 25 speed in metres per second 20 15 10 5 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 time in seconds Calculate the acceleration of the car. The equations on page 2 may help you. answer... m / s 2 [2] [Total: 4] Turn over

13 Aisha steps out of an aeroplane. 22 She weighs 600 N and has 2 700 000 J of gravitational potential energy. (a) Calculate the height of the aeroplane. The equations on page 2 may help you. answer... m [2] (b) As she falls, Aisha loses gravitational potential energy and gains kinetic energy. When she reaches terminal speed, she is travelling at 55 m / s. (i) Explain what happens to her kinetic energy at terminal speed. Finish the sentence. Her kinetic energy... because.... [1] (ii) Explain what happens to her gravitational potential energy at terminal speed....... [1] [Total: 4] END OF QUESTION PAPER

23 PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE Copyright Information OCR is committed to seeking permission to reproduce all third-party content that it uses in its assessment materials. OCR has attempted to identify and contact all copyright holders whose work is used in this paper. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced in the OCR Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download from our public website (www.ocr.org.uk) after the live examination series. If OCR has unwittingly failed to correctly acknowledge or clear any third-party content in this assessment material, OCR will be happy to correct its mistake at the earliest possible opportunity. For queries or further information please contact the Copyright Team, First Floor, 9 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 1GE. OCR is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group; Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

24 The Periodic Table of the Elements 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 Key 1 H hydrogen 1 4 He helium 2 7 Li lithium 3 9 Be beryllium 4 relative atomic mass atomic symbol name atomic (proton) number 11 B boron 5 12 C carbon 6 14 N nitrogen 7 16 O oxygen 8 19 F fluorine 9 20 Ne neon 10 23 Na sodium 11 24 Mg magnesium 12 27 Al aluminium 13 28 Si silicon 14 31 P phosphorus 15 32 S sulfur 16 35.5 Cl chlorine 17 40 Ar argon 18 39 K potassium 19 40 Ca calcium 20 45 Sc scandium 21 48 Ti titanium 22 51 V vanadium 23 52 Cr chromium 24 55 Mn manganese 25 56 Fe iron 26 59 Co cobalt 27 59 Ni nickel 28 63.5 Cu copper 29 65 Zn zinc 30 70 Ga gallium 31 73 Ge germanium 32 75 As arsenic 33 79 Se selenium 34 80 Br bromine 35 84 Kr krypton 36 85 Rb rubidium 37 88 Sr strontium 38 89 Y yttrium 39 91 Zr zirconium 40 93 Nb niobium 41 96 Mo molybdenum 42 [98] Tc technetium 43 101 Ru ruthenium 44 103 Rh rhodium 45 106 Pd palladium 46 108 Ag silver 47 112 Cd cadmium 48 115 In indium 49 119 Sn tin 50 122 Sb antimony 51 128 Te tellurium 52 127 I iodine 53 131 Xe xenon 54 133 Cs caesium 55 137 Ba barium 56 139 La* lanthanum 57 178 Hf hafnium 72 181 Ta tantalum 73 184 W tungsten 74 186 Re rhenium 75 190 Os osmium 76 192 Ir iridium 77 195 Pt platinum 78 197 Au gold 79 201 Hg mercury 80 204 Tl thallium 81 207 Pb lead 82 209 Bi bismuth 83 [209] Po polonium 84 [210] At astatine 85 [222] Rn radon 86 [223] Fr francium 87 [226] Ra radium 88 [227] Ac* actinium 89 [261] Rf rutherfordium 104 [262] Db dubnium 105 [266] Sg seaborgium 106 [264] Bh bohrium 107 [277] Hs hassium 108 [268] Mt meitnerium 109 [271] Ds darmstadtium 110 [272] Rg roentgenium 111 Elements with atomic numbers 112-116 have been reported but not fully authenticated * The lanthanoids (atomic numbers 58-71) and the actinoids (atomic numbers 90-103) have been omitted. The relative atomic masses of copper and chlorine have not been rounded to the nearest whole number.