Social Welfare Administration. Byungdeok Kang Handong Global University

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Transcription:

Social Welfare Administration Byungdeok Kang Handong Global University

Organizational Theory The Main Target of Administration? Organizational Theory?

Organizational Theories Bureaucracy Scientific Management Universal Management Human Relations Approach Open System Theories Contingency Theories New Institutional Theory

Rational/Legal Approach Understanding/explaining an organization based on rationality and/or legality Organization Rationality Legality Examples:

Bureaucracy Bureau office / organization / department Bureaucratic Involving a lot of complicated official rules and processes

Historical Trend Max Weber Ideal (efficient) organization = Rational legal bureaucracy Ideal Structure? Key Elements of Bureaucracy Criticisms Advantages How about bureaucracy in social welfare organizations?

Scientific Management Started by F. Taylor Steel industry (assembly line) The core work processes of the organization to maximize efficiency and productivity in an organization

Potential Problems Limitations as a closed system theory Scientific Knowledge in Social Welfare Organizations Agreeability on an purpose between managers and workers Individualized problems and holistic approach

Universal Management = Classical theory of organization, Administrative management theory, Mechanic theory, etc. Henri Fayol, Luther Gulick, and Lyndall Urwirk Differences between scientific management and universal management?

Scientific Management vs. Universal Management Basic Functions of Management H. Fayol L. Gulick (POSDCORB) Planning Planning Organizing Organizing Staffing Commanding Directing Coordinating Coordinating Reporting Budgeting Controlling

Faylor s 14 Principles of Management 1. Division of work 2. Authority and responsibility 3. Discipline 4. Unity of command 5. Unity of direction 6. Subordination of individual interests to the general interest 7. Remuneration 8. Centralization 9. Scalar principle 10. Order 11. Equity 12. Stability of tenure of personnel 13. Initiative 14. Esprit de corps

Classical Theories in Today s HSOs Characteristics of a human service organizations designed on the basis of classical principles? Major Contributions that classical theories offer to human service programs/organizations Major Weaknesses

Human Relations Approaches Organization = formal aspects + informal aspects

Hawthorne Experiment Study of the effect of physical working conditions Little success in showing of the positive effects of physical working conditions Major Findings Importance of social and psychological needs & the effects of informal group within the formal organizational structure

The Human Resources Model The purpose is to develop organizational forms that build on the worker s strength & motivation McGregor s Types of Managers Theory X Manager Theory Y Manager

Likert s Four Basic Types of Organizations System 1 (Exploitive Authoritative) System 2 (Benevolent Authoritative) System 3 (Consultative) System 4 (Participative Group)

Open Systems Theory In - Thru - Output - Feedback Environment Org. Org. Org. Org. Closed Systems Open Systems

Contingency Theories

Lawrence and Lorsch (1963): How do organizations adapt to best meet the demands of their environment? Degree of Structure Orientation of Members toward Others Time Orientation Goal Orientation stable st u n ab l e

Burns and Stalker (1994) Mechanistic Form Organic Form

In Summary Administrative Theme Goal attainment Management of people (staff & clients) Theories Rational-Legal Approach Human Relations Assumptions Economic model of human behaviors Set specific goals Specialization & Formalization Structure rational (efficiency) legal (authority & rule) Human behaviors are embedded in a web of social relations: relationships Leadership person-oriented Staff participation in mgmt of org.

Administrative Theme Proficiency & efficiency Theories Contingency; Network Assumptions A function of fit between contingency & internal structure Structure Environment: Stable Centralized form Unstable Organic form Knowledge: Certain Simple bureaucracy Uncertain Professional bureaucracy

Organizational Approaches for 21 st C. Human Services Small, non-bureaucratic, not-for-profit organizations (known as alternative programs or street agencies) Critical and Feminist Theories Human Service Organizations and Empowerment

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