PILOTING OUTPUT BASED AID: PENANG S ORGANIC DIVERSION WASTE POLICY Prepared By Phee Boon Poh & Khor Hung Teik Penang State Government, Malaysia 12 Aug 2014 1
PENANG, MALAYSIA Penang Island was established in 1786 by Capt. Francis Light of the British East India Company Mainland Penang (Province Wellesley) was occupied in 1790, and placed together under the administration of Straits Settlement. Independence since 31 Aug 1957 George Town, a port town, was developed as hub for trading, commerce and culture..country : Malaysia Coordinates: 5 o 24 N 100 o 14 E Area: 1,048 km 2 Population: 1.6 million (as of 2010) GDP : RM 49.5 billion (as of 2010) Human Development Index : 0.773 Urbanization: 80% 2
Composition of MSW, MPPP and MPSP, 2003 Source: Satang 2003 UNDP SWM Study Report 2007 Item MPSP MPPP Tonnes % Tonnes % Food 605.84 50% 206.23 33% Yard & Garden 148.99 12% 59.86 10% Paper 54.12 5% 176.15 28% Plastics 208.10 17% 89.89 15% Textile/Rubber 38.48 3% 19.02 3% Metal 43.36 4% 29.09 5% Hazardous 2.69 0% 1.92 0% Others 98.42 8% 37.74 6% Total 1,200.00 619.90
Table 4: Estimate of Solid Waste Generation by Source on Penang Island Source: estimated by Study Team, 2005 (UNDP SWM Project) Note: There are high proportions of organic and recyclable waste fractions in this estimate. Source Waste Generation rate (kg/c/d) Amount of Waste (tonne/day) Organic Waste (tonne/day) Recyclable Waste (tonne/day) Non-Recyclable Waste (tonne/day) Household (HR) 0.91 400.7 143.1 194.5 63.2 Household (LR) 0.91 119.0 42.5 57.7 18.8 Household 0.84 98.3 35.1 47.7 15.5 (Individual) Industrial 1.5 246.4 6.6 234.1 5.7 Wet market (stall) 19.3 40.6 37.5 3.1 0.1 Hawkers stall 8.67 19.7 18.7 0.8 0.2 Hotel (room) 1.35 17.0 15.8 1.1 0.0 School 0.009 2.8 1.7 1.1 0.0 College 0.016 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 Hospital (Beds) 0.57 2.3 1.5 0.8 0.0 Hypermarkets (m2) 0.0013 0.9 0.2 0.7 0.0 Universities 0.99 14.9 11.7 11.3 Turf Club (Manure) 10.0 Total 962.9 320.2 541.8 103.2 4
Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Penang Waste Generation Waste Disposed at Landfill Per Year (metric tons) 2005-2013 Recycling Per Year (metric tons) Total Waste Generation Per Year (metric Tons) Recyclin g Rate (%) MPPP MPSP Total MPPP MPSP Total A B C=(A+B) B/C 280,489 416,254 696,743 57,178 96,032 153,210 849,953 18.03% 295,498 463,750 759,248 82,210 119,964 202,174 961,422 21.03% 216,490 490,729 707,219 80,351 125,504 205,855 913,074 22.55% 218,440 472,005 690,445 33,775 124,121 157,896 848,341 18.61% 216,456 428,563 645,019 61,307 132,039 193,346 838,365 23.06% 213,591 426,152 639,743 63,756 129,804 193,560 833,304 23.23% 209,701 401,663 611,364 72,341 144,682 217,023 828,387 26.20% 205,972 370,989 576,961 82,405 157,286 239,691 816,652 29.35% 204,798 427,706 632,504 80,229 207,849 288,078 920,582 31.29% Source: Penang Island Municipal Council (MPPP), 2014 Seberang Perai Municipal Council (MPSP), 2014
Targets for Organic Waste Reduction for Penang State 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Organic waste Reduction (%) 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 Source: PEMANDU SWM Lab, 2011 6
Project objective Output-based neighbourhood incentive payment program to incentivize household organic waste separation at source.
Results-based Financing (RBF) In Penang s What Solid Waste Sector Use an output-based incentive payment program in highrise buildings to encourage household organic waste separation Goal Successful source separation that in turn minimizes the quantity of garbage sent to landfills Expected Benefits Cost savings to municipality (extended life of landfill) Re-use of organic waste in the form of organic compost fertilizer Reduction of methane emissions from the MSW sector
Proposed RBF Design Source-Separation of Organic Waste High Rise Buildings Residents separate and deposit organic waste on-site facility Local Authority / Private Company Collects waste from highrises and transports it to composting center VA (Verification Agent) Measure total quantity and quality of separated organic waste PIU (Project Implementation Unit) Calculates incentive payment amount based on IVA score
Pilot Projects Sites Penang Island 1. Taman Pelangi Flats, Lebuh Macallum, Penang Island Medium Cost Apartments 2. River Road Flats, Penang Island Low Cost Flats Seberang Perai 1. Taman Tanjung Indah Flats Butterworth. Low Cost Flats 2. Taman Pandan Apartments, Butterworth. Medium Cost Apartments 3. Harbour Place, Jalan Chain Ferry, Butterworth High end Condominiums
No Item Block 9, Pelangi Apartment, Gat Lebuh Macallum, Penang Island. 1 Total number of blocks on site: River Road Low Cost Flats The Peak Residences, Mt Erskine, Penang Island Park View Condo, Harbour Place, Butterworth Taman Pandan Butterworth Taman Tanjung Indah Flats, Butterworth 5 2 3 1 3 1 2 Number of units per block : Overall total units: 192 960 Block A: 279 Block B: 250 529 203 609 1 316 119 357 63 63 3 Estimated number of participating households : 35 50 45/50 240 107 63 4 Intended method / current method to treat or divert the organic waste: Bio-regen Machine Bio-regen Machine Bio-regen Machine Divert food waste to Waste processing plant Divert food waste to Waste processing plant Divert food waste to Waste processing plant 5 Estimated number of occupants per household: 5 5 5 / 6 3 4 4 6 Current waste collection approach e.g. floor by floor, door to door collection, bring to common area / waste bin, frequency of Residents bring to Bio-regen Machine Floor to floor collection, then bring to common area every day Floor to floor collection, then bring to common area every day Floor to floor collection, then bring to common area every day Bring to common area every day Bring to common area every day 11
Current waste collection approach e.g. floor by floor, door to door collection, bring to common area / waste bin, frequency of collection, estimated amount per day etc. Residents bring to Bio-regen Machine Floor to floor collection, then bring to common area every day Floor to floor collection, then bring to common area every day Floor to floor collection, then bring to common area every day Bring to common area every day Bring to common area every day Estimated amount per day (kg/day) (660kg x 3 bins x 80% full) Estimated 1.5 tonnes 500 kg/day 912 kg/day 339 kg/day (1.072 kg/household) 500 kg/day 130 kg/day Methodology to document and verify amount of organic waste disposed. Food waste weighed daily before being processed by Bio-regen Machine. Water meter readings taken by collector to verify weight of food waste deposited. Food waste weighed daily before being processed by Bio-regen Machine. Water meter readings taken by collector to verify weight of food waste deposited Food waste weighed daily before being processed by Bioregen Machine. Water meter readings taken by collector to verify weight of food waste deposited Food waste weighed at collection point before transporting to Bagan Ajam Market Waste Processing Plant. Reweighing at Waste Processing Plant Food waste weighed at collection point before transporting to Bagan Ajam Market Waste Processing Plant. Reweighing at Waste Processing Plant Food waste weighed at collection point before transporting to Bagan Ajam Market Waste Processing Plant. Reweighing at Waste Processing Plant Waste Collection Facility A centralized rubbish collection area for each block A centralized rubbish collection area for each block A centralized rubbish collection area for each block with a Refuse Room at each floor A centralized rubbish collection area for each block with a Refuse Room at each floor A centralized rubbish collection area A centralized rubbish collection area at entrance 12
10 Number of ROROs/ waste bins and capacity 11 Daily Average Per Household (kg) Study Results 12 Average No. of Persons per Household Study Results 13 Average Weight per capita / day (kg) Study Results 3 units of 660l bins for 1 unit of block 1 114 (1 x 38 flr x 3 blocks) 1 3 1 3.26 2.42 2.23 2.77 2.17 3.7 5.4 3.3 5 3.2 0.89 0.45 0.68 0.55 0.68 13
Penang Island Highrise Pilot Projects Taman Pelangi Medium Cost Apartments Separation of Organic waste via food processing machine
River road low cost flats
Markets FOOD TO FOOD The BIO-REGEN Process 16
FOOD FROM FOOD Fertilizers / Soil Amenders /Conditioners FOOD WASTE MACHINE COMPLETE CYCLE
MPPP Chosen technology
PROGRAM MAJLIS PERBANDARAN PULAU PINANG MAKANAN MENJADI BALIK MAKANAN PUSAT PENJAJA BAYAN BARU Projek Untuk Menukar Sisa Makanan Kepada Baja Bio-Cecair PENANG ISLAND MUNICIPAL COUNCIL FOOD TO FOOD PROGRAMME BAYAN BARU HAWKER CENTRE A Project to Convert Food Waste into Liquid Bio-Fertiliser
BIO LIQUID SOIL AMENDERS PROJECT AT HAWKER CENTRE
Food Waste Diversion from Aug 2011 till Jul 2014 Location Grand Total (kg) Bukit Jawi Golf Course 93,068.00 Girl Guides.A 1,780.00 B.B Market 118,984.50 Pulau Tikus Market 13,982.00 Campbell Street 20,818.00 Heng Ee High School 43,640.00 Union High School 3,700.00 Convent Greenlane 4,635.00 BM Sains School 12,740.00 Convent Light Street 4,960.00 Methodist B. School 1,100.00 Taman Pelangi 20,800.00 Jln Sungai Low Cost Flats 600.00 Total 340,807.50 21
Seberang Perai Highrise Pilot Projects Park View Condo, Harbour Place, Butterworth Taman Pandan, Butterworth Separation of Recyclables & Food Waste
BAGAN AJAM WET MARKET WASTE COMPOSTING PLANT 23
Food Waste Diversion since 2011 - June 2014 No. Location Amount (kg) 1 Factories (Intel, Phillips, Motorola, Agilent, IBT, Sony) 185,390.00 2 Hotels 9,633.00 3 Schools 5,989.00 4 Residential areas 11,512.50 TOTAL 212,524.50 24
Site Food Garden Paper Plastic Ferrous Glass Non-Ferrous Textile/ Rubber Hazardous E-waste Others Daily Average Per Household (kg) Average No. of Persons per Household Average Weight per capita / day (kg) Results of Highrise Residential Waste Composition Survey Daily % Taman Pelangi River Road Flats 33.87 15.73 7.66 4.94 17.98 2.00 4.33 13.49 3.26 3.7 0.89 42.09 10.06 8.39 5.36 7.31 0.26 5.56 20.97 2.42 5.4 0.45 Park View 35.08 13.79 10.58 5.08 11.45 1.07 3.95 18.99 2.23 3.3 0.68 Taman Pandan Taman Tj Indah Overall Average 34.28 11.99 8.51 9.74 11.85 3.36 20.28 2.77 5.0 0.55 37.68 10.75 7.21 4.12 12.27 1.04 7.47 19.47 2.17 3.2 0.68 36.0 12.5 8.5 5.8 12.2 1.5 5.3 18.6 2.57 4.12 0.65 25
Incentive Calculator INCENTIVE CALCULATOR - SUMMARY TABLE Instructions: 1. [Please populate the yellow boxes with data collected for each cycle] 2. [The Incentive Payment calculation is based on the assumptions made in the following detailed spreadsheets] 3. [Please review carefully the cycle lengh (box E4) and the minimum QTF Score (box E5) in the following detailed spreadsheets] MPPP Taman Pelangi River Road Park View MPSP Tamam Pandan Tamam Tanjung Indah FOOD WASTE ACTUALLY SEPARATED PER CYCLE (TONS/CYCLE) 40.0 17.0 15.0 12.0 6.0 INCENTIVE PAYMENT (MYR/CYCLE) 4248 1805.4 431.31 904.60 327.63 26
Main Assumptions Length of a Cycle (Months) 3 Minimum Quantity of Separated Food Waste (QTF) Score 30 Ton of CO2 per ton of organic waste 1.7 Price of CO2 (MYR/ton of CO2) 24 MPSP PHI and Incentive Calculator Savings Waste Characterization / Unit Park View Tamam Pandan Tamam Tanjung Indah Cash Savings 193.26 Number of Households 316 357 63 Tipping fees (MYR/Metric ton) 20.26 Average Number of person per Households 3.3 5 3.2 Transportation costs (MYR/Metric ton)* 173 Average Daily total waste per Households (kg) 2.23 2.77 2.17 Non Cash Savings 46.8 Average portion of Organic Waste 0.35 0.34 0.38 CO2 Emissions (MYR/Metric ton) 40.8 Landfill lifespan extension (MYR/Metric ton) 6 Total Savings (MYR/metric ton) 240.06 Total residential organic waste generated per cycle (tons/cycle) 22.57 30.76 4.75 Costs for the State Transport costs (MYR/Metric ton) ** 150 Operating costs - Salary of the operator (MYR/Metric ton) 0 Total Costs for the state (MYR/metric ton) 150 Food waste actually separated and collected per cycle (Tons/cycle) 15.00 12.00 6.00 Quantity of Separated Food Waste (QTF) Score (per cycle) 66.47 39.01 126.23 NET SAVINGS PER METRIC TONS (MYR) PHI - POTENTIAL SAVINGS (MYR/CYCLE) Cash & Non Cash 90.06 PHI - Cash & Non Cash 1,350.9 2,880.7 540.4 Cash Only 43.26 PHI - Cash Only 648.9 2,319.1 259.6 INCENTIVE PAYMENT (MYR/CYCLE) Cash & Non Cash 897.91 1123.66 682.07 Cash Only 431.31 904.60 327.63 * MPSP has fully internalized the collection/transportation of its waste since 1 July 2014. ** MPSP is collecting/transporting the waste to Shence facilities instead of Pulau Burung so the cost of transportation are a little lower for MPSP 27
1 cycle = 3 months PROGRAM TIMELINE AND EVALUATION PERIOD JAN MAR APR JUN JUL SEP OCT DEC 1 st Cycle 2 nd Cycle 3 rd Cycle 4 th Cycle 1/1/2015-31/3/2015 1/4/2015-30/6/2015 1/7/2015-30/9/2015 1/10/2015-31/12/2015 Incentive Payment : 1st cycle: APRIL 2015 2nd cycle: JULY 2015 3rd cycle: OCTOBER 2015 4th cycle: JANUARY 2016
Best Practices documentation on going Schools True Light Elementary School Tun Syed Sheh Shahabundin Science School Residential Area (by Citizens) Permatang Nibong Resource Center Markets Bagan Ajam Market Campbell street Market Commercial area Auto City (Golden highway Auto-City SD BHD) Residential Area (by NGO) Environnent Resource Center Taman Desa Damai Residential Areas (by CCAC Pilot sites) Taman Pelangi Taman Pandan Hospital Hospital Lam Wah Ee 29
Brochures 30
Composting Manual 31
Posters 32
Other on-going Organic Waste Diversion Projects Food to Food Programme Residential area composting / Individual household composting Green Waste Composting 33
Green Waste Treatment Utiilisng Methane-free fermentation technologies
Ampang Jajar Waste Transfer Station Windrow Composting of Municipal Green Waste
THE GROUNDSWELL PROCESS GREEN WASTE
Groundswell Static Fermentation Process Waste to top soil 4-6 weeks 8-12 weeks Stage 1 Picking Incoming Waste Stage 2 Inoculating With Starter & Seeder Stage 3 Turning & Respraying Stage 4 Curing
In the Pipeline Waste Separation at Source By-laws Waste Generator s Pays Principle for Industrial & Commercial Sector Hotels Institutions Other organic waste Animal Carcasses Municipal Food waste Bio-mass Waste to energy via bio gas Other technologies Formulation of local laws and regulations 38
REVIEWING THE PENANG ORGANIC WASTE POLICY The Penang Organic Waste Policy seeks to encourage the separation and treatment of organic waste at source in order to divert such away from the landfill prolonging its lifespan and reducing municipal cost. This is part of Penang s local action towards a global commitment to mitigate the effects of global warming and climate change. In any natural system the organic outputs of any natural process become the inputs for another natural process. In this regard, Penang s Organic Waste Policy will seek to emulate nature and return all organic outputs to food production, parks and gardens 39
In the Pipeline Tackling Organics and Methane Generation at thelandfill Possibility of landfill gas extraction in the closed Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the landfill. Turning the 300 acres of Oil Palm waste into a resource at the new Phase 3 of the Landfill. Establishing an MRF to separate the daily incoming mixed waste and dealing with the organic waste faction (400-600 tons/day) using a bio-digestion technology in Phase 3. Regional Workshop March 2015 40
PROPOSED PENANG S VOLUNTARY CARBON OFFSET SCHEME Original Photo: churchofnobody.blogspot.com
OBJECTIVES 1 2 3 4 To divert the amount of organic waste (putrescibles) from the Pulau Burong Sanitary Landfill and moving towards a total ban in the long term. To reduce the costs of collection, transfer and treatment of organic waste for the local authorities by treating organic waste at source. To incentivise organic waste treatment by private and community efforts through costs savings by local authorities. To emulate nature and return all organic outputs to food production, parks and gardens and energy production thereby completing the nutrient cycle to ensure a sustainable food supply and security. 42
CONCLUSION Generate a beneficial by-products = use reduction and conversion of organic waste to earn carbon offsets? Reducing the amount of organic waste sent to landfill = reducing greenhouse gas emissions Diverting green waste and organics divert up to 40 to 50% of the waste from landfill = cost savings Continuous awareness campaigns needed for participation 43
44