We are committed to translating ground-breaking science into genomic therapies that transform patients lives Liver-based expression of the human alpha-galactosidase A gene (GLA) in a murine Fabry model results in continuous high levels of enzyme activity and effective substrate reduction Preclinical data supporting a gene therapy for Fabry Disease Thomas Wechsler, Ph.D May 10 th, 2017
In 2017, Sangamo is focused on enrolling four clinical trials including the first ever human in vivo genome editing studies Four lead clinical development programs Research Preclinical Phase 1/2 Phase 3 Hemophilia A Hemophilia B MPS I MPS II Phase 1/2 Phase 1/2 Phase 1/2 Phase 1/2 In Vivo Gene Therapy In Vivo Genome Editing 2
Fabry Disease is a lysosomal storage disorder Fabry disease is an X-linked monogenic disease caused by mutations in GLA gene encoding the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (α-gal A) α-gal A plays a role in degradation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and Lyso-Gb3 The liver is a significant source of Gb3/Lyso-Gb3 storage material accumulating in lysosomes of endothelial cells, kidney and heart Depending on residual enzyme activity there are two major phenotypes: Type I - Classic Fabry: <1% of α-gal A activity; 1 : 40,000 Type II - Later-onset Fabry: >1% of α-gal A activity; ~ 1 : 5,000 Desnick lab Lysosomal Gb3 inclusion (kidney) 3
Fabry Disease is a progressive systemic disease Skin: Angiokeratoma Hypohidrosis Heart: Early dysfunction to cardiac death Nervous System: Neuropathy Stroke (~7%) Standard of care is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT): Recombinant a-gal A is produced in CHO cells Biweekly infusion (2-4 hr) of a-gal A Annual cost: ~ $ 250,000 per patient Unmeet needs: Cardiac Gb3 clearance Podocyte Gb3 clearance Neuropathic pain Long-term stroke risk Other therapeutic strategies: Kidney: Progressive renal dysfunction leading to failure and dialysis Early symptom Late symptom 4 HSC gene therapy Pharmacological chaperone therapy Substrate reduction therapy
Fabry Disease is a progressive systemic disease Skin: Angiokeratoma Hypohidrosis Heart: Early dysfunction to cardiac death Kidney: Progressive renal dysfunction leading to failure and dialysis Early symptom Late symptom Nervous System: Neuropathy Stroke (~7%) ERT Standard of care is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT): Recombinant a-gal A is produced in CHO cells Biweekly infusion (2-4 hr) of a-gal A Annual cost: ~ $ 250,000 per patient Unmeet needs: Cardiac Gb3 clearance Podocyte Gb3 clearance Neuropathic pain Long-term stroke risk Other therapeutic strategies: HSC gene therapy Pharmacological chaperone therapy Substrate reduction therapy
Fabry Disease is a progressive systemic disease Skin: Neuropathy Heart: Early dysfunction to cardiac death CNS: Stroke (~7%) Standard of care is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT): Recombinant a-gal A is produced in CHO cells Biweekly infusion (2-4 hr) of a-gal A Annual cost: ~ $ 250,000 per patient Unmeet needs: Cardiac Gb3 clearance Podocyte Gb3 clearance Neuropathic pain Long-term stroke risk Other therapeutic strategies: Kidney: Progressive renal dysfunction leading to failure and dialysis Late symptom HSC gene therapy Pharmacological chaperone therapy Substrate reduction therapy 6
Advantages of liver-directed gene therapy Liver-based AAV gene therapy has the following potential advantages: AAV Convenience Single administration versus biweekly infusions Efficacy Constant supply of therapeutic enzyme (versus peak/trough) may lead to better efficacy in target tissues compared to ERT Tolerance Liver expression may lead to tolerization towards transgene
cdna gene therapy Two approaches of single administration treatments for Fabry Disease In vivo genome editing AAV vector Therapeutic gene AAV AAV vectors Zinc Finger Nuclease (ZFN) 1 and 2 Therapeutic gene Liver Cell Nucleus Strong albumin Promoter Promoter Albumin locus Therapeutic Gene Therapeutic gene Liver Cell DNA Episomal therapeutic transgene with liver specific promoter Liver produces and secretes therapeutic enzyme with glycosylation suitable for tissue uptake and lysosomal delivery H TG H Homology arm Integrated therapeutic transgene using albumin promoter 8
cdna gene therapy Two approaches of single administration treatments for Fabry Disease In vivo genome editing AAV vector Therapeutic gene AAV AAV vectors Zinc Finger Nuclease (ZFN) 1 and 2 Therapeutic gene - Single treatment - Can provide long lasting benefit - Single vector - Episomal therapeutic transgene with liver specific promoter - Treatment strategy is in clinic for Hemophilia Liver produces and secretes therapeutic enzyme with glycosylation suitable for tissue uptake and lysosomal delivery - Single treatment - Can provide life-long benefit - Three vectors - Integrated therapeutic transgene using albumin promoter - Treatment strategy is entering clinic for both MPS I and MPS II 9
cdna gene therapy strategy for Fabry Disease cdna gene therapy AAV vector Therapeutic gene Liver Cell Nucleus Promoter Proof of concept study design Single injection of cdna vectors into GLAKO mice cdna dose: 2e12 Vg/kg Weekly plasma collection and α-gal A activity measurement Takedowns at 2 months post-aav injection for tissue analysis GLAKO mouse accumulates Gb3 and lyso-gb3 in tissues Therapeutic Gene Liver Cell DNA Gb3 content WT 25 weeks GLAKO 25 weeks GLAKO Episomal therapeutic transgene with liver specific promoter WT WT WT WT liver kidney heart plasma 10
n m o l/h r/m l AAV-mediated delivery of optimized GLA cdna in GLAKO mice α-gal A activity in plasma α-gal A activity in tissues (2 months) 5 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 100x wild type 10x wild type wild type GLAKO wild type original cdna optimized 10x wild type 1 GLAKO liver heart kidney spleen 0.1 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 tim e (d a y s ) Original GLA cdna construct at low dose (2e12 vg/kg) Optimized GLA cdna construct at low dose (2e12 vg/kg) a-gal A overproduced in liver is safe, secreted at high levels and taken up by other tissues in active form
% Gb3 remaining % lyso-gb3 remaining Analysis of Gb3 and Lyso-Gb3 substrate clearance in target tissues Gb3 in tissues plasma liver heart Lyso-Gb3 in tissues plasma liver heart all samples <LLOQ 50% remaining 25% remaining 10% remaining 25% remaining 10% remaining untreated original optimized GLAKO treated GLAKO WT untreated original optimized GLAKO treated GLAKO WT a-gal A produced in liver leads to significant Gb3 and Lyso-Gb3 reduction in plasma, liver and heart
% Gb3 remaining Analysis of Gb3 and Lyso-Gb3 substrate clearance in target tissues Gb3 in tissues Lyso-Gb3 in tissues 1 0 0 plasma liver heart kidney 1 0 0 plasma liver heart kidney 7 5 7 5 5 0 5 0 2 5 2 5 10% remaining 10% remaining 0 G L A K O Untreated GLAKO G L A K O G L A K O G L A K O s p a c e r a-gala 100x WT s p a c e r 2.5 e 1 3 2.5 e 1 3 2.5 e 1 3 2.5 e 1 3 Treated GLAKO s p a c e r W T WT mice W T W T W T 0 G L A K O Untreated GLAKO G L A K O G L A K O G L A K O s p a c e r a-gala 100x WT Treated GLAKO 2.5 e 1 3 2.5 e 1 3 2.5 e 1 3 2.5 e 1 3 s p a c e r W T WT mice W T W T W T a-gal A produced in liver leads to significant Gb3 and Lyso Gb3 reduction in target tissues heart and kidney.
a-gal A activity (nmol/hr/ml) n m o l/h r/m l Evaluation of long-term a-gal A liver expression and efficacy α-gal A activity in plasma 50x WT 1 0 0 1 0 1 6 dose 5 e 1 2 groups 2 e 1 2 1 e 1 2 5 e 1 1 wild 2.5 etype 1 1 1.2 5 e 1 1 W T G L A K O GLAKO range 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 6 0 1 8 0 d a y s p o s t-a A V 2 /6 in je c tio n a-gal A overexpression from the liver is stable up to ~ 6 months and is well tolerated 14
In vivo genome editing strategy for Fabry Disease : Proof of concept study design In vivo genome editing Single injection of ZFNs and hgla transgene into GLAKO mice Total dose: 6e13 Vg/kg Strong albumin Promoter AAV vectors Zinc Finger Nuclease (ZFN) 1 and 2 Therapeutic gene Regular plasma collection and α-gal A activity measurement Albumin locus Takedowns at 2 months post-aav injection for tissue analysis H TG H Therapeutic gene Homology arm GLAKO Integration of therapeutic transgene at the albumin locus leads to potentially life-long stable expression 15
ZFN-mediated integration of hgla cdna at the albumin locus SP SP Signal peptide 16
n m o l/h r/m l In vivo genome editing leads to high α-gal A expression in plasma and uptake in secondary tissues α-gal A activity in plasma α-gal A activity in tissues (2 months) 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 SP2 1 0 0 SP1 1 0 1 wild type GLAKO 0.1 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 days post-aav tim e (dtransduction a y s ) liver heart kidney spleen Average: plasma 300x wild type heart 31x wild type kidney 2.3x wild type plasma 21x wild type heart 5.5x wild type kidney 0.5x wild type a-gal A produced from the albumin locus is secreted at high levels and taken up by other tissues in active form
a-gal A produced from the albumin locus has the appropriate glycosylation mediating cellular and lysosomal uptake Human α-gal A western in liver PNGaseF - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + Endo H - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - 50 kd 37 kd GLAKO treated (SP2) WT GLAKO Rec. a-gal A antia-gal A 18
% substrate remaining Analysis of Gb3 and Lyso-Gb3 substrate clearance in target tissues plasma liver heart kidney Gb3 lyso-gb3 untreated treated wild type untreated treated wild type GLAKO GLAKO GLAKO GLAKO (SP1) (SP1) 10% remaining α-gal A secreted by liver and taken up by heart and kidney is able to clear nearly all of the substrate in these tissues within 2 months 19
Conclusions Transducing GLAKO (Fabry) mice with either hgla cdna vectors or in vivo genome editing vectors led to: Expression of very high levels of α-gal A in the liver Secretion of functional α-gal A into the bloodstream resulting in stable plasma α-gal A activity levels many-fold above wild type Uptake of α-gal A by secondary tissues, leading to α-gal A activity exceeding wild type levels in the heart and spleen at the used doses H TG H Clearance of most or all of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-gb3) substrates in plasma, liver, heart and kidney 2 months after cdna gene therapy or genome editing These data support the development of Sangamo Therapeutics liver-based AAV approaches as potential therapies for the treatment of Fabry disease 20
Acknowledgments Robert Desnick, M.D-Ph.D Makiko Yasuda, M.D-Ph.D Silvere Pagant, Ph.D Marshall Huston, Ph.D Susan St. Martin Yolanda Santiago Scott Sproul Tanja Meyer, Ph.D Russell DeKelver, Ph.D Kathleen Meyer, M.P.H., Ph.D., D.A.B.T. Richard Surosky Daniel Richards Alicia Goodwin Edward J. Rebar, Ph.D Lisa King Michael C. Holmes, Ph.D 21