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UNIVERSlll SAINS MALAYSIA Peperlksaan Semester Kedua Sidang Akademik 1996/97 Apri11997 EBB 21113 - METALURGI FIZIKAL Masa : [ 3 Jam] Arahan Kepada Caton : Kertas soalan ini mengandungi ENAM (6) muka surat bercetak. Kertas soalan ini mempunyai TUJUH (7) soalan. Jawab LIMA (5) soalan sahaja. Mulakan jawapan anda bagi setiap soalan pads muka surat yang baru. Semua soalan mesti dijawab dalam Bahasa Malaysia maksima OUA (2) soalan boleh dijawab dalam Bahasa Inggeris. 11...2/-

[EBB 211/3J 1 ~. meungkin dalsm sistem-sistem binari dan berikan satu contoh bagi setiap tindakbalas. Lukiskan gambarajah fasa Fe-Fe3C dan tandakan jutst suhu yang bersesuaian untuk proses-proses berikut:- (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Kerja Panas Pernormalan Pengerasan Pensferaan Legaan Tegasan (a) Write down the various possible invariant reactions in binary systems and give one example ofeach reaction. (30 markah) Draw Fe-Fe3C phase diagram and indicate the appropriate temperature (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Hot working Normalizing Hardening Spheroidisation Stress relief (50markah) range for the following processes:-...3/- 12

- 3- [EBB 211/3] Lukiskan suatu iengkuiigan bagi kadar penjelmaan (Austanit ka Pearlit) melawan suhu dan komenkan sebab-sebab bentuk lengkungan dalam istilah koefisien resapan dan AG. Draw a curve for rate of transformation (austenite to Pearlite) versus temperature and comment on the reasons for the shape of the curve in terms ofdiffusion coefficient and AG. (20 markah) 2. Lukiskan unjuran gambarajah pepejalan, pencecairan dan isoterma bagi suatu sistem temari eutektik. Terangkan pemejalan bagi beberapa alai. Draw the projected diagram, liquidus, solidus and isotherms for a ternary eutectic system. Describe the solidification offew typical alloys. (100 marlcah) 3. (a) Bagaimanakah lengkungan TTT diperolehi? Apakah maklumat yang boleh diperolehi daripada gambarajah sebegini? How are the TTT curves obtained? What information is obtained from such diagrams? (35 markah) Apakah perhubungan antara gambarajah TTT dan CCT? Lukiskan gambarajah CCT untuk keluli eutektoid dan tindihkan atasnya beberapa kadar penyejukan (Pernormalan, Pelindapkejutan air dan Kadar Penyejukan Kritikal)....4/- 13

-4- [EBB 211/3] What is the relationship betweefl TIT and CCT diagrams? Draw CCT diagram for eutectoid steel and superimpose on it few cooling rates (Normalizing, Water quenching and Critical cooling rate). (35 markah) Apakah kesan Mass dalam rawatan haba? Bagaimanakah anda mengelakkan retakan lindapkejut dalam pengerasan? What is Mass effect in heat treatment? How do you avoid quench cracks in hardening? (30markah) 4. (a) Apakah tujuan pengerasan permukaan? Berikan beberapa contoh bagi kegunaannya. What is the purpose of surface hardening? Give some examples of its use. (20markah) Huraikan proses-proses bagi : (a) penitridaan dan penyusukkarbonan gas dan bincangkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi sifat-sifat selongsong dan teras dengan menyebutkan jenis-jenis keluli yang digunakan. Apakah kelebihan-kelebihan dan keburukan-keburukan bagi setiap kaedah? Describe the processes of : (a) nitriding and gas carburizing and discuss the factors which influence the case and core properties, mentioning the types of steel used. What are the advantages and disadvantages ofeach method? (65markah)...5/- 14

- 5- [EBB 211/3] Kirakan kedalaman selongson9 yang dihasilkan apabila keluli karbon rendah otsusukkartonan selama 20 jam pada 875 C. (k =0.440 apabila kedalaman selon950n9 dalam mm dan masa dalsm jam). Calculate the depth of case produced when a low carbon steel is carburized for 20 hours at 87~C. and time in hours). (k = 0.440 when case depth te in mm (15 marksh) 5. (a) Terangkan prinsip-prinsip yang terlibat dalam mekanisme penguatan dalam logam-iogam dan aloi-aloi. Explain the principles involved in strengthening mechanisms in metals and alloys. Terangkan dengan terperinci proses pengerasan mendakan dalam aloialoi AI-Cu. Describe in detail the precipitation hardening process in AI-Cu alloys. 6. (a) Terangkan pemejalan bagi logam-iogam tulen dan aloi-aloi tarutan pepejal. Describe solidification of pure metals and solid solution aljoys....61-.1.5

-6- [EBB 211/3] Terangkan pembentukan mikrostruktur teturus (columnar), dendritik dan samadimensi (equiaxed) dalam penuangan. Explain the formation of caoumner. dendritic and equiaxed microstructures in castings. 7. Tuliskan nota-nota ringkas pada mana-mana DUA yang berikut- (a) Relau-relau rawatan haba. Pemulihan, Penghabluransemula dan Pertumbuhan butir. Besi-besi Tuang. Write short notes on any.lwq of the following:- (a) Heat treatment Furnaces. Recovery, Recrystallization and Grain growth. Cast Irons (50markah) (50markah) 00000 16