The Little Book of Meat Facts:

The Little Book of Meat Facts: % % % % Compendium of Welsh Meat and Livestock Industry Statistics 2008 produced by

Contents Section 1 General Information Figure 1.1 Table 1.1 Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Most common farm types in Wales by region, June 2007... 9 Human population and land area by Welsh region and UK country, 2006... 10 Agricultural holdings by size (hectares) by UK country, 2006... 11 Agricultural holdings wholly or mainly in Less Favoured Areas by UK country, 2006... 12 Figure 1.2 Changes in employment on holdings in Wales... 12 Table 1.4 Welsh holdings by farm type, June 2006... 13 Figure 1.3 Changes in types of holdings in Wales... 14 Figure 1.4 Changes in agricultural land use in Wales... 14 Table 1.5 Value of Welsh agricultural output, 2006... 15 Table 1.6 Table 1.7 Contribution of agriculture to the regional UK economies, 2007... 16 Farm business income by country and type of farm... 17 Table 1.8 Direct payments to farmers in the UK... 18 Table 1.9 Principle subsidies and grants in Wales... 18 Table 1.10 Number and throughputs of all Welsh abattoirs... 19 Figure 1.5 Changes in Welsh abattoir numbers... 19 Table 1.11 Auction market throughputs in Wales and borders, 2007... 20 2

Table 1.12 Auction markets by size in Wales, 2007... 21 Table 1.13 Auction market throughputs of finished stock by UK country, 2007... 21 Figure 1.6 Changes in total UK meat consumption... 22 Table 1.14 Figure 1.7 Figure 1.8 Figure 1.9 Figure 1.10 Section 2 Cattle Household consumption and expenditure in Wales, 2006... 23 Changes in red meat purchases by product in Wales, 2007/06... 23 Comparison of market share by meat type in Wales Volume... 24 Comparison of retail market size by expenditure in Wales - 2006 vs 2007... 24 Retailer volume share of total meat trade in Wales 2007... 25 Figure 2.1 Beef cattle density in Wales, June 2007... 26 Figure 2.2 Dairy cattle density in Wales, June 2007... 27 Table 2.1 Welsh cattle numbers by category... 28 Table 2.2 Changes in number of holdings in Wales with beef and dairy cows... 29 Figure 2.3 Changes in cattle numbers in Wales... 29 Table 2.3 Table 2.4 Welsh suckler calf production costs, 2006/07... 30 Throughput of cattle and calves in Welsh plants... 31 Table 2.5 Cattle slaughterings by UK country, 2007... 32 Table 2.6 Total number of cattle entered into OTMS and OCDS by UK country... 32

Table 2.7 Table 2.8 Table 2.9 Figure 2.4 Figure 2.5 Number and throughputs of abattoirs in Wales slaughtering cattle... 32 Abattoirs in Wales slaughtering cattle, March 2008... 33 Household consumption of beef and veal by UK country, 2006... 34 Retailer volume shares of beef sales in Wales, 2007... 34 Changes in beef purchases and expenditure in Wales and GB, 2007/06... 35 Table 2.10 UK beef imports... 36 Table 2.11 UK beef exports... 37 Table 2.12 UK monthly beef trade, 2007... 37 Table 2.13 England and Wales cattle deadweight prices... 38 Table 2.14 Welsh cattle liveweight prices... 39 Table 2.15 England and Wales rearing calf prices... 40 Table 2.16 England and Wales store cattle prices... 40 Figure 2.6 Yield of prepared cuts and joints as a percentage of the beef carcase... 41 Table 2.17 Welsh retail prices for selected beef cuts... 42 Figure 2.7 Change in volume of beef sales by cut in Wales, 2007/06... 43 Table 2.18 GB farm to retail price spreads - beef... 44 Figure 2.8 Changes in beef retail spreads... 45

Section 3 Sheep Figure 3.1 Sheep and lamb density in Wales, June 2007... 46 Table 3.1 Welsh sheep numbers by category... 47 Table 3.2 Changes in number of holdings in ales with sheep... 47 Figure 3.2 Changes in Welsh breeding ewe numbers... 48 Table 3.3 Welsh lamb production costs, 2006/07... 49 Table 3.4 Throughput of clean sheep in Welsh plants... 50 Table 3.5 Table 3.6 Table 3.7 Table 3.8 Table 3.9 Table 3.10 Figure 3.3 Figure 3.4 Throughput of ewes and rams in Welsh plants... 51 Lamb carcases by conformation and fat in Welsh plants, 2007... 52 Slaughterings of all sheep by UK country, 2007... 52 Number and throughputs of abattoirs in Wales slaughtering sheep... 53 Abattoirs in Wales slaughtering sheep, March 2008... 54 Household consumption of sheep meat by UK country, 2006... 55 Retailer volume shares of lamb sales in Wales, 2007... 55 Changes in lamb purchases and expenditure in Wales and GB, 2007/06... 56 Table 3.11 UK sheep meat imports... 57 Table 3.12 UK sheep meat exports... 58 Table 3.13 UK monthly sheep meat trade, 2007... 59 Table 3.14 England and Wales sheep deadweight prices... 60

Table 3.15 Welsh sheep liveweight prices... 61 Table 3.16 England and Wales store sheep prices... 62 Figure 3.5 Yield of prepared cuts and joints as a percentage of the lamb carcase... 62 Table 3.17 Welsh retail prices for selected sheep meat cuts... 63 Figure 3.6 Change in volume of lamb sales by cut in Wales, 2007/06... 64 Table 3.18 GB farm to retail price spreads - lamb... 65 Figure 3.7 Change in lamb retail price spreads... 66 Section 4 Pigs Table 4.1 Welsh pig numbers by category... 67 Table 4.2 Changes in number of holdings in Wales with pigs... 67 Figure 4.1 Changes in breeding pig numbers in Wales... 68 Table 4.3 Throughput of pigs in Welsh plants... 69 Table 4.4 Pig slaughterings by UK country, 2007... 70 Table 4.5 Table 4.6 Table 4.7 Number and throughput of abattoirs in Wales slaughtering pigs... 70 Abattoirs in Wales slaughtering pigs, March 2008... 71 Household consumption of pig meat by UK country, 2006... 72 Figure 4.2 Retailer volume shares of pork sales in Wales, 2007... 72 Figure 4.3 Changes in pork purchases and expenditure in Wales and GB, 2007/06... 73 Table 4.8 UK pig meat imports... 74 Table 4.9 UK pig meat exports... 75

Table 4.10 UK monthly trade, 2007... 76 Table 4.11 GB pig deadweight prices... 77 Figure 4.4 Yield of prepared cuts and joints as a percentage of the pig carcase... 78 Table 4.12 Welsh retail prices for selected pig meat cuts... 79 Figure 4.5 Change in volume of pork sales by cut in Wales, 2007/06... 80 Table 4.13 GB farm to retail price spreads - pork... 81 Figure 4.6 Changes in pork retail price spreads... 82

Notes and abbreviations Where dates are written, for example, as 2006/07, this implies the financial year from April 2006 to March 2007. Volume data is shown in tonnes, carcase weight equivalent, unless otherwise specified. North East Wales: Denbighshire, Flintshire, Conwy, Wrexham North West Wales: Isle of Anglesey, Gwynedd South Wales: Swansea, Neath Port Talbot, Bridgend, Vale of Glamorgan, Cardiff, Rhondda, Cynon, Taf, Merthyr Tydfil, Caerphilly, Blaenau Gwent Torfane, Monmouthshire, Newport Figures in the tables do not always add up to the totals shown because of rounding AHDB Agriculture and Horticultural Development Board BSE Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BCMS British Cattle Movement Society DAPP Deadweight Average Pig Prices dw Defra EFS EU FSA GB GBU Deadweight Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Expenditure and Food Survey European Union Food Standards Agency Great Britain GB Livestock Units GVA lw Ha HCC LFA Gross Value Added Liveweight Hectare Meat Promotion Wales Less Favoured Area OCDS Older Cattle Disposal Scheme OTMS Over Thirty Months Scheme RPA SFP TNS UK - = none Rural Payments Agency Single Farm Payment Taylor Nelson Sofres United Kingdom.. = negligible na = not available 8

Section 1 General Information Figure 1.1 Most common farm types in Wales by region, Most Common JuneFarm 2007Type, by region in Wales, in 2007. Based on Agricultural census form data. Source: GI Services Branch, DEPC, Aberystwyth Crown copyright Key Main (Robust) Farm Type Cattle and sheep (LFA) Cattle and sheep (Lowland) Dairy England Sea Map produced 23/06/2008 This map is based upon the Ordnance Survey Boundary data for The Welsh Assembly Government with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office Crown Copyright, All rights Reserved Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Licence Number 100017916. Cartography by GI Services Branch, DRA, Aberystwyth. Crown Copyright 2008

Section 1 General Information Table 1.1 Human population and land area by Welsh region and UK country, 2006 Human population Land area (000 head) (sq km) North East Wales 489 2,905 Powys 131 5,181 South Wales 1,787 3,625 North West Wales 187 3,246 Ceredigion 77 1,792 Pembrokeshire 117 1,589 Carmarthenshire 178 2,394 Total Wales 2,966 20,732 England 50,763 130,281 Scotland 5,117 77,925 Northern Ireland 1,742 13,576 UK 60,588 242,514 Source: Welsh Assembly Government 10

General Information Section 1 Table 1.2 Agricultural holdings by size (hectares) by UK country, 2006 Number of holdings (000) Total area (000 ha) Average area (ha) % of total number: Wales England Scotland Northern Ireland 37.4 200.4 51.0 26.7 1,499.6 9,328.6 5,610.7 1,028.5 40.0 46.6 110.0 38.5 <20 ha 57.2 62.0 58.6 42.3 20-49.9 ha 18.2 13.8 12.4 34.5 50-99.9ha 13.9 10.9 10.8 16.5 >100 ha 11.0 13.3 18.0 6.7 % of total area on holdings with 100 ha and over 53.0 67.7 86.4 30.1 Note: Numbers may not total 100%, due to rounding Source: Agriculture in the United Kingdom, 2007 11

Section 1 General Information Table 1.3 Agricultural holdings wholly or mainly in Less Favoured Areas by UK country, 2006 Number of holdings (000) % of total area on: Wales England Scotland Northern Ireland 26.5 31.5 34.2 18.8 LFA holdings 75.4 16.6 79.9 70.3 Non-LFA holdings 24.6 83.4 20.1 29.7 Source: Agriculture in the United Kingdom, 2007 Figure 1.2 Changes in employment on holdings in Wales 1994 (total employment 63,800 people) 15% 1% 41% 2007 (total employment 57,000 people) 9% 9% 1% 8% 6% 35% 10% 25% Full-time farmers, partners & directors Part-time farmers, partners & directors Full-time family & hired workers 40% Part-time family & hired workers Seasonal or casual workers Salaried managers Source: Welsh Assembly Government 12

General Information Section 1 Table 1.4 Welsh holdings by farm type, June 2006 Holdings Share of total (number) (%) Cattle and sheep (LFA) 11,035 29.5 Dairy 2,727 7.3 Cattle and sheep (lowland) 2,679 7.2 Mixed (a) 599 1.6 Horticulture 404 1.1 Pigs and poultry 346 0.9 Cereal 215 0.6 General cropping 111 0.3 Other types (b) 2,481 6.6 Minor holdings 3,716 9.9 Dormant holdings 13,135 35.1 Total number of holdings 37,448 100.0 (a) Combination of cropping with various types of livestock (b) Mainly grass and forage or specialist horses Numbers may not total 100%, due to rounding Source: Farming Facts and Figures, Wales 2007 13

Section 1 General Information Figure 1.3 11% Changes in types of holdings in Wales 2000 2006 11% 34% 29% 30% 36% 7% 9% 7% 9% Cattle and sheep (LFA) Dairy Cattle and sheep (lowland) Minor holdings Dormant holdings Other 10% 7% Source: Farming Facts and Figures, Wales 2007 Figure 1.4 11% Changes in agricultural land use in Wales 2007 1994 (1,689,000 hectacres) 9% 54% 11% (1,601,000 hectacres) 6% 4% 5% 61% 18% 13% 4% Permanent grassland Total crops Sole right rough grazing 4% Other land on agriculture holdings incl. Woodlands and set aside Common rough grazing All grassland under 5 years Source: Welsh Assembly Government 14

General Information Section 1 Table 1.5 Value of Welsh agricultural outputs, 2006 Value ( million) (%) Milk & milk products 267 31 Finished sheep & lambs 180 22 Finished cattle 153 18 Poultry & eggs 65 7 Finished pigs 28 3 Total cereal 11 1 Horticulture & potatoes 18 2 Other products 9 1 Capital formation in livestock (b) 41 5 Other agricultural activities 102 12 Store cattle & sheep sales 59 Share of total value (a) Total Wales (a) 874 Total England (a) 10,932 Total Scotland (a) 1,856 Total Northern Ireland (a) 1,076 UK (a) 14,738 (a) Totals exclude store sales (b) Investment in buildings, work physically undertaken by the farmer and the value of the physical increase in breeding livestock. Note: Numbers may not total 100%, due to rounding Source: Welsh Assembly Government 15

Section 1 General Information Table 1.6 Contribution of agriculture to the regional UK economies, 2007 Gross value added (GVA) at basic prices Total Income from Farming ( million) ( million) (%) Wales 143 46 4.1 England 4,455 1,631 1.3 Scotland 802 628 2.5 Northern Ireland 353 233 5.8 UK 5,753 2,538 1.7 Source: Agriculture in the United Kingdom, 2007 Agriculture s share of total regional employment 16

General Information Section 1 Table 1.7 Farm business income by country and type of farm (At current prices) Wales: 2005/2006 2006/2007 2007/2008 (p) ( 000 farm) Dairy 30.6 36.8 47.7 Grazing Livestock (LFA) Grazing Livestock (lowland) England: 18.4 18.0 12.5 11.1 21.9 18.8 Dairy 36.6 33.6 50.7 Grazing Livestock (LFA) Grazing Livestock (lowland) 15.8 10.6 5.9 9.7 13.1 8.7 Specialist pigs 30.3 24.4-4.1 Scotland: Dairy na na na Grazing Livestock (LFA) Northern Ireland: na na na Dairy 28.7 27.3 39.0 Grazing Livestock (LFA) 11.9 12.6 12.2 (p) Provisional Source: Agriculture in the United Kingdom, 2007 17

Section 1 General Information Table 1.8 Direct payments to farmers in the UK 2005 2006 2007 (p) ( million) Single Payments Scheme 2,349 2,354 2,292 Agri-environment schemes 288 381 443 LFA support schemes 146 183 133 Over Thirty Month Scheme/ Older Cattle Disposal Scheme 178 50 28 Animal disease compensation 19 16 20 Source: Agriculture in the United Kingdom, 2007 Table 1.9 Principle subsidies and grants in Wales ( million) 2004 2005 2006 Tir Mynydd 35.7 35.8 34.8 Single Payments Scheme - 209.7 211.9 Farming Connect Capital Grants 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 7.2 Na Na Tir Gofal 16.9 19.1 25.0 Tir Cynnal - - 6.0 Organic Schemes 1.8 2.3 3.4 Other Agri-environment Schemes - indicates not applicable Source: Farming Facts and Figures, Wales 2007 5.4 5.5 5.8 18

General Information Section 1 Table 1.10 Number and throughputs of all Welsh abattoirs Abattoirs (number) (%) Throughputs GB Livestock Units* 2006 2007 2006 2007 0-1,000 6 4 0.2 0.2 1,000-10,001 10 12 4.7 5.6 10,001-30,000 5 3 7.0 3.9 30,001-100,000 2 2 10.5 12.1 100,001 4 4 77.5 78.2 Total 27 25 *GB Livestock Unit = 1 cattle beast = 3 calves = 5 sheep = 2 pigs Numbers may not total 100%, due to rounding Source: AHDB Meat Services Figure 1.5 Changes in Welsh abattoir numbers Number 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Figures for 2003-2007 are for calendar years; previous figures relate to year ended March. Source: AHDB Meat Services Economics 88/89 89/90 90/91 91/92 92/93 93/94 94/95 95/96 96/97 97/98 98/99 19 99/00 00/01 01/02 02/03 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Section 1 General Information Table: 1.11 Auction market throughputs in Wales and borders, 2007 (Head) Finished cattle Finished lambs Ewes Abergavenny - 48,023 213 Bala - 37,106 896 Beeston Castle 914 - - Bishops Castle - 44,534 70 Brecon - 56,592 23,522 Bridgnorth 11,944 55,237 13,614 Bryncir 32 31,138 10,196 Builth Wells - 61,170 24,426 Carmarthen 209 12,404 - Corwen - 2,844 56 Dolgellau - 1,574 - Gaerwen 4,501 33,509 15,784 Hay-on-Wye - 19,867 191 Hereford - 69,148 43,483 Kington - 59,844 11,023 Knighton - 37,306 9,223 Llanrwst 26 30,944 5,077 Ludlow 24,383 118,127 44,957 Machynlleth - 13,135 - Market Drayton 14,580 42,529 15,532 Mold 5,722 22,122 3,082 Newcastle Emlyn - 44,700 9,953 Newport 72 45,167 23,369 Oswestry 6,064 149,627 27,627 Rhayader - 48,980 10,055 Ross-on-Wye 8,084 96,159 10,333 Ruthin 5,657 128,282 34,464 Shrewsbury 1,561 84,297 15,957 St Asaph 3,867 179,177 58,406 Talgarth - 36,179 3,922 Talybont-on-Usk - 23,237 25 Welshpool 1,026 198,851 93,154 Whitland - 27,898 19,441 Throughputs as reported to the AHDB by Welsh and border auction markets. Source: AHDB Meat Services Economics 20

General Information Section 1 Table 1.12 Auction markets by size in Wales, 2007 GB Livestock Units* Number of markets Total marketings Average throughput (GBU) (GBU) (%) 1-5,000 7 17,631 2,519 5.4 5,001-10,000 7 60,187 8,598 18.5 10,001-20,000 7 96,850 13,836 29.7 20,001-30,000 0 - - - 30,000+ 3 151,171 50,390 46.4 Share of throughput Total 24 325,839 13,577 100.0 *GB Livestock Unit = 1 cattle beast = 3 calves = 5 sheep = 2 pigs Source: AHDB Meat Services Table 1.13 Auction market throughputs of finished stock by UK country, 2007 (000 head) Wales England Scotland GB Total prime cattle 21 304 43 368 Cull cows 6 87 13 106 Total prime sheep 1,146 3,308 970 5,424 Cull ewes 349 959 144 1,452 Clean pigs - 36-36 Cull sows - 9-9 Source: AHDB Meat Services 21

Section 1 General Information Figure 1.6 000 tonnes 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1984 Changes in total UK meat consumption Poultry Beef & veal Pork Bacon Lamb 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2007 Source: AHDB Meat Services 22

General Information Section 1 Table 1.14 Household consumption and expenditure in Wales, 2006 Average consumption (kg/person/year) Beef and veal 6.3 32.24 Mutton and lamb 3.2 14.56 Pork 2.4 10.92 Total carcase meat 12.0 57.72 Bacon and ham, uncooked 3.5 19.24 Bacon and ham, cooked 2.5 19.24 Poultry, uncooked 10.3 33.80 Poultry, cooked 2.7 13.52 Average expenditure Other 23.8 111.28 Total meat and meat products 54.8 254.80 ( /person/year) Source: EFS, AHDB Meat Services Economics Figure 1.7-13.3 Pork loin roasting Lamb chop steaks Beef roasting Pork chop steaks Beef total Beef frying/grilling Pork leg roasting Pork total Beef stewing Beef mince Lamb total Lamb leg roasting -1.3-4.2-4.7-6.2 Changes in red meat purchases by product in Wales, 2007/06 % change on year 2007/06 13.4 9 7.3 7.3 7.1 5.0 4.7 3.3 1.4 Lamb mince Lamb stewing Pork belly Lamb shoulder roasting Pork shoulder roasting 20.7 18.2 32.2 Source: TNS Worldpanel 23

Section 1 General Information Figure 1.8 60 Comparison of market share by meat type in Wales Volume 50 Meat Type 2007 2006 2005 40 Volume (tonnes) 30 20 10 0 Beef Lamb Pork Other Meat Source: TNS Worldpanel Figure 1.9 Comparison of retail market size by expenditure in Wales 2006 vs 2007 160000 140000 Expenditure ( 000s) 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 Fresh & Frozen Poultry Sliced Cooked Meats Beef Cuts Chilled Convenience Bacon Chilled Ready Meals Pork Cuts Wet-Smoked Fish Pastry Products Frozen Fish Lamb Cuts Sausages Meat Product 2007 2006 Frozen Ready Meals Burgers & Grills Frozen Pizza Canned Meat Fresh Pizza Source: TNS Worldpanel 24

General Information Section 1 Figure 1.10 Retailer volume share of total meat trade in Wales 2007 %Volume Share 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Total Meat Beef Lamb Pork Meat Type Total Butchers Independents, Symbols & Others Total Supermarkets Source: TNS Worldpanel 25

Section 2 Cattle Figure 2.1 Beef cattle density in Wales, June 2007 Total number of Beef Cattle, by region in Wales, in 2007. Based on Agricultural census form data. Key Number of Beef Cattle 0-1,000 1,001-2,000 2,001-3,000 3,001-4,000 4,001-5,000 Sea England Source: GI Services Branch, DEPC, Aberystwyth Crown copyright Map produced 23/06/2008 This map is based upon the Ordnance Survey Boundary data for The Welsh Assembly Government with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office Crown Copyright, All rights Reserved Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Licence Number 100017916. Cartography by GI Services Branch, DRA, Aberystwyth. Crown Copyright 2008 26

Cattle Figure 2.2 Section 2 Dairy cattle density in Wales, June 2007 Total number of Dairy Cattle, by region in Wales, in 2007. Based on Agricultural census form data. Key Number of Dairy Cattle 0-2,000 2,001-4,000 4,001-6,000 6,001-8,000 8,001-10,000 Sea England Source: GI Services Branch, DEPC, Aberystwyth Crown copyright Map produced 23/06/2008 This map is based upon the Ordnance Survey Boundary data for The Welsh Assembly Government with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office Crown Copyright, All rights Reserved Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Licence Number 100017916. Cartography by GI Services Branch, DRA, Aberystwyth. Crown Copyright 2008 27

Section 2 Cattle Table 2.1 Welsh cattle numbers by category (000 head) June 2005 June 2006 June 2007 Cattle aged 2 years or more 616 610 585 - Female dairy breeds 299 298 289 - Female non-dairy breeds 264 259 247 - Males 53 53 49 Cattle aged 1-2 years 292 275 263 - Female dairy breeds 56 54 51 - Female non-dairy breeds 109 104 101 - Males 127 117 111 Cattle under 1 year 344 332 316 - Female dairy breeds 55 52 55 - Female non-dairy breeds 132 129 121 - Males 157 151 140 Total cattle and calves 1,252 1,217 1,164 Source: Cattle Tracing Scheme 28

Cattle Section 2 Table 2.2 Changes in number of holdings in Wales with beef and dairy cows June 2000 June 2006 Number of dairy cow holdings 4,307 3,368 Average dairy herd size (head) 62 83 Number of beef cow holdings 9,326 8,478 Average beef herd size (head) 24 26 Total number of cattle and calf holdings Source: Welsh Assembly Government 15,407 13,399 Figure 2.3 Changes in cattle numbers in Wales Source: Cattle Tracing Scheme 1,400 1,200 (000 head) 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 Calves <1yr Cattle 1-2 yrs Cows > 2yrs, non-dairy breeds Cows > 2yrs, dairy breeds 29

Section 2 Cattle Table 2.3 Welsh suckler calf production costs, 2006/07 All farms (average) Top third (low cost) (pence per kg liveweight) Feed & forage 44 33 58 Veterinary & medicines 10 6 14 Other 16 9 24 Total variable costs 70 48 96 Herd replacement 13 4 26 Labour 8 4 16 Power & machinery 46 35 53 Buildings 17 10 20 Finance & general farm costs 24 20 30 Rent 6 3 10 Total fixed costs 101 72 129 Total costs 184 124 251 Bottom third (high cost) Data relates to financial year ended March 2007. Based on 49 suckler herds. Top third and bottom third rankings are determined by net margin. Total costs comprise variable, fixed and herd replacement costs. Source: Farm Business Survey in Wales 30

Cattle Section 2 Table 2.4 Throughput of cattle and calves in Welsh plants Slaughterings Production (000 head) (000 tonnes) (kg) 2005 137.2 41.7 321.9 2006 140.1 45.0 320.8 2007 135.1 44.1 326.3 2007 by month: January 12.4 4.1 328.6 February 10.6 3.6 333.5 March 11.6 3.8 327.1 April 12.8 4.3 333.1 May 10.1 3.4 337.4 June 10.7 3.5 331.5 July 12.7 4.2 334.8 August 9.4 3.1 326.2 September 10.1 3.2 317.3 October 13.4 4.2 315.4 November 11.7 3.6 311.1 December 9.6 3.1 319.2 Source: Defra Ave. carcase weight 31

Section 2 Cattle Table 2.5 Cattle slaughterings by UK country, 2007 Wales England Scotland GB Northern Ireland (000 head) 135 1,530 534 2,199 459 Source: Defra Table 2.6 Total number of cattle entered into OTMS and OCDS by UK country* 2005 2006 2007 (000 head) Wales 68.0 11.5 10.0 England 398.0 76.1 64.9 Scotland 124.9 36.5 31.7 Northern Ireland 115.4 18.9 16.7 UK Total 706.3 143.0 123.3 * Data for 2005 is for the Over Thirty Month Scheme (OTMS); 2006 data is for the Older Cattle Disposal Scheme (OCDS). Source: RPA Table 2.7 Number and throughputs of abattoirs in Wales slaughtering cattle Annual throughput: Abattoirs (number) Throughputs (000 head) 2006 2007 2006 2007 0-1,000 12 12 2.4 3.1 1,001-5,000 5 4 11.2 8.3 5,001 and over 4 4 121.0 116.1 Total 21 20 134.6 127.5 Source: AHDB Meat Services 32

Cattle Section 2 Table 2.8 Abattoirs in Wales slaughtering cattle, March 2008 Trading Name Location A D Havard * Caerphilly B & B Webster* Rhyl Cig Calon Cymru Cyf* Cross Hands Cig Oen Caron* Tregaron Conwy Valley Meats* Llanrwst D & J Thomas Wrexham E T Jones, Sons & Daughter * Holyhead GR Evans & Co* Corwen HMD Butchers Swansea Jones Bros* Wrexham J Williams and Co* Denbigh L H & C A Phillips* Swansea Maddock Kembery Meats* Maesteg Pembrokeshire Meat Company Haverfordwest Randall Parker Foods* Llanidloes WA James* Raglan William Lloyd Williams and Son* Machynlleth W J George Brecon St Merryn Meats Ltd* Merthyr Tydfil * Includes co-located cutting plant. Plants listed in alphabetical order. Source: AHDB Meat Services, FSA 33

Section 2 Cattle Table 2.9 Household consumption of beef and veal by UK country, 2006 Wales England Scotland Northern Ireland (kg per person per year) 6.3 6.5 7.1 10.9 Source: EFS Figure 2.4 Retailer volume shares of beef sales in Wales, Sainsbury's 9.7% Others 13.7% Butchers 11.2% Morrisons 11.2% Somerfield 6.7% Tesco 29.4% Asda 18.1% 2007 Source: TNS Worldpanel 34

Cattle Section 2 Figure 2.5 Changes in beef purchases and expenditure in Wales and GB, 2007/06 % change on year 2007/06 14 12 10 Beef purchases Beef expenditure 8 6 4 2 0 Source: TNS Worldpanel GB Wales 35

Section 2 Cattle Table 2.10 UK beef imports Total beef and veal which includes: Shares by type: 2005 2006 2007 (000 tonnes, product weight) 239.9 235.7 238.3 Irish Republic 136.5 145.0 145.9 Brazil 32.2 28.6 25.9 Netherlands 12.7 12.9 15.3 Germany 9.2 11.0 12.9 Uruguay 7.0 7.6 9.3 Australia 4.7 6.2 4.0 Namibia 5.9 3.5 4.8 Botswana 3.5 2.4 3.9 Argentina 9.1 5.0 3.5 Belgium 3.9 2.4 2.6 France 3.8 2.7 2.5 Frozen 71.0 68.6 69.0 Fresh/chilled 168.9 167.1 169.3 Processed beef 153.9 140.1 132.3 which includes: Brazil 53.4 47.7 56.4 Live cattle and calves which includes Irish Republic 76.5 65.7 49.1 (000 head) 5.5 8.3 20.0 France.. 0.4 10.7 Irish Republic 3.6 5.2 9.1 Source: EU data Intrastat, Non-EU data HM Revenue & Customs 36

Cattle Section 2 Table 2.11 UK beef exports 2006* 2007 (000 tonnes, product weight) Total beef and veal 41.2 58.7 which includes: Netherlands 13.6 19.6 Irish Republic 9.1 18.5 France 5.5 8.4 Germany 3.6 2.6 Italy 3.3 2.3 *Beef exports from the UK resumed in May 2006 when the ban caused by BSE was lifted. Source: EU data Intrastat, Non-EU data HM Revenue & Customs Table 2.12 UK monthly beef trade, 2007 UK beef imports UK beef exports (000 tonnes, product weight) January 19.3 5.0 February 19.2 5.3 March 20.4 5.9 April 19.3 4.4 May 22.5 5.1 June 19.8 5.5 July 20.5 6.4 August 18.7 3.0 September 20.5 3.8 October 20.5 2.9 November 19.6 5.1 December 18.1 6.4 Source: EU data Intrastat, Non-EU data HM Revenue & Customs 37

Section 2 Cattle Table 2.13 England and Wales cattle deadweight prices* R4L steers R4L young bulls R4L heifers -O4L cows (pence per kilogram deadweight) 2005 188.6 182.3 188.2 2006 204.7 198.1 203.5 142.1 2007 209.1 199.1 206.9 138.3 2007 by month: January 207.8 200.6 205.8 135.9 February 207.9 200.8 205.2 143.6 March 207.4 199.5 205.4 146.3 April 210.9 201.5 208.8 151.1 May 206.7 196.0 203.1 146.2 June 204.6 195.6 203.0 146.6 July 206.5 195.7 203.7 143.9 August 208.1 197.4 206.9 135.9 September 210.7 200.2 209.2 138.6 October 212.2 200.1 210.6 125.3 November 212.2 200.5 209.5 123.3 December 214.3 201.2 211.0 123.1 * Prices collected from a sample of abattoirs slaughtering more than 20,000 cattle annually. Source: AHDB Meat Services Economics 38

Cattle Section 2 Table 2.14 Welsh cattle liveweight prices* Steers Young bulls Heifers Cull cows (pence per kilogram liveweight) 2005 101.66 102.88 94.82 Na 2006 109.06 109.57 100.97 61.93 2007 111.49 113.11 104.60 61.79 2007 by month: January 108.52 110.24 103.72 55.70 February 110.37 111.89 111.53 57.21 March 112.73 113.56 98.96 66.11 April 111.54 113.64 103.89 67.73 May 107.60 112.43 97.56 66.26 June 109.93 112.76 101.69 65.70 July 108.30 112.05 107.86 66.41 August 111.32 111.92 115.08 Na September 110.71 113.18 111.53 62.14 October 110.94 111.53 103.83 58.25 November 114.94 114.86 102.94 53.24 December 116.79 119.87 114.79 51.55 * Prices collected from Welsh auction markets. (August 2007 for cull cows not available because of Foot and Mouth Disease.) Source: AHDB Meat Services Economics 39

Section 2 Cattle Table 2.15 England and Wales rearing calf prices Friesian/ Holstein Hereford X Continental X ( per head) Bulls Bulls Heifers Bulls Heifers 2005 16.51 79.65 40.95 123.54 74.36 2006 22.02 73.58 38.60 128.28 81.47 2007 21.97 92.55 48.76 140.20 94.10 Source: AHDB Meat Services Economics Table 2.16 England and Wales store cattle prices ( /head) Yearlings 18 Months 2 years Friesian/ Holstein Steers Heifers Steers Heifers Steers Heifers 2005 226.52 262.98 290.74 297.82 362.26 388.48 2006 223.42 230.89 310.45 292.61 388.25 447.63 2007 244.76 266.97 335.70 332.40 404.94 427.70 Hereford X 2005 295.50 274.06 383.44 296.27 464.95 359.03 2006 328.34 232.10 399.56 301.58 470.25 362.57 2007 347.23 254.07 420.45 325.22 492.37 390.39 Continental X 2005 435.87 343.17 466.27 384.96 538.33 443.40 2006 450.21 356.51 503.55 413.42 551.85 460.30 2007 482.81 393.22 522.98 436.98 564.72 480.64 Source: AHDB Meat Services Economics 40

Cattle Section 2 Figure 2.6 Yield of prepared cuts and joints as a percentage of the beef carcase NECK 2.3% CLOD 2.4% CHUCK 10.1% FORE RIB 3.5% THICK AND THIN RIB 5.5% SIRLOIN 5.2% THIN FLANK 3.4% RUMP 3.7% Yield - Traditional Beef Cuts Average yield of prepared cutsand joints asa percentage of the side %Yield Forequarter Cuts Shin 1.3 Clod 2.4 Neck 2.3 Brisket 4.3 Thick Rib 4.3 Thin Rib 1.2 Fore Rib 3.5 Chuck and Blade 10.1 Lean Trim 4.3 Forequarter Saleable Meat 33.7 Hindquarter Cuts Leg 2.1 Thick Flank 4.4 Topside 5.5 Silverside 5.3 Rump 3.7 Striploin 5.2 Thin Flank 3.4 Fillet 1.3 Lean Trim 3.9 Hindquarter Saleable Meat 34.8 Total Saleable Meat 68.5 Fat trim 10.4 Bone and waste trim 21.1 Total 100.0 THICK FLANK Source: AHDB Meat Services BRISKET 4.3% SHIN 1.3% TOPSIDE SILVERSIDE 10.8% 4.4% LEG 2.1% 41

Section 2 Cattle Table 2.17 Welsh retail prices for selected beef cuts* Topside Sirloin Fillet steak Standard mince (pence per kilogram) 2005 694 1,331 1,923 266 2006 735 1,419 2,138 239 2007 723 1,412 2,198 246 2007 by month: January 770 1,466 2,270 247 February 752 1,424 2,291 259 March 752 1,390 2,312 276 April 748 1,419 2,312 276 May 753 1,447 2,331 272 June 760 1,479 2,347 286 July 715 1,392 2,175 258 August 720 1,399 2,177 264 September 719 1,381 2,186 251 October 703 1,376 2,186 241 November 677 1,358 2,180 233 December 693 1,317 2,194 233 * Prices collected from a representative sample of multiple retailers, independent retailers, co-operative butchers. Source: AHDB Meat Services Economics 42

Cattle Section 2 Figure 2.7 Changes in volume of beef sales by cut in Wales 2007/06 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Beef Beef Roasting Beef Stewing Beef Frying/Grilling Cut Source: TNS Worldpanel % Change on year 07/06 Beef Mince 43

Section 2 Cattle Table 2.18 GB farm to retail price spreads - beef Average farm price Average retail price* Price spread (pence per kilogram) (%) 2005 186.9 421.8 55.7 2006 202.8 427.5 52.6 2007 205.9 452.9 54.5 2007 by month: January 206.2 436.2 52.7 February 205.0 444.9 53.9 March 204.4 452.9 54.9 April 204.6 452.2 54.8 May 202.9 454.2 55.3 June 201.5 456.2 55.8 July 202.6 454.9 55.5 August 206.6 456.9 54.8 September 209.0 458.9 54.5 October 209.4 456.9 54.2 November 209.4 454.9 54.0 December 209.8 456.2 54.0 * Retail prices have been converted to an untrimmed carcase equivalent. Adjustment has also been made for drip loss. Source: AHDB Meat Services Economics 44

Cattle Section 2 Figure 2.8 Changes in beef retail spreads (%) 65.0 60.0 55.0 50.0 45.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Source: AHDB Meat Services Economics 45

Section 2 Sheep Figure 3.1 Sheep and lamb density in Wales, June 2007 Total number of Sheep, Lambs and Rams. By region in Wales, in 2007. Based on Agricultural census form data. Key No. of Sheep, Rams and Lambs 0-35,000 35,001-70,000 70,001-105,000 105,001-140,000 140,001-175,000 Sea England Source: GI Services Branch, DEPC, Aberystwyth Crown copyright Map produced 23/06/2008 This map is based upon the Ordnance Survey Boundary data for The Welsh Assembly Government with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office Crown Copyright, All rights Reserved Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Licence Number 100017916. Cartography by GI Services Branch, DRA, Aberystwyth. Crown Copyright 2008 46

Sheep Section 3 Table 3.1 Welsh sheep numbers by category (000 head) June 2005 June 2006 June 2007 Breeding ewes 4,732 4,701 4,529 Other sheep, over one year Lambs under one year Total sheep and lambs Source: Welsh Assembly Government 221 257 231 4,557 4,393 4,227 9,510 9,351 8,987 Table 3.2 Changes in number of holdings in Wales with sheep June 2000 June 2006 Number of sheep and lamb holdings 16,589 15,271 Average flock size (head) 669 612 Source: Welsh Assembly Government 47

Section 3 Sheep Figure 3.2 Changes in Welsh breeding ewe numbers 000 head 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2007 Source: Welsh Assembly Government, Defra 48

Sheep Section 3 Table 3.3 Welsh lamb production costs, 2006/07 All farms (average) Top third (low cost) Bottom third (high cost) (pence per kg liveweight) Feed & forage 41 34 48 Veterinary & medicines 7 6 8 Other 10 10 11 Total variable costs 58 50 67 Flock replacement 14 10 16 Labour 5 3 6 Power & machinery 28 22 31 Buildings 11 8 13 Finance & general farm costs 18 12 25 Rent 7 5 9 Total fixed costs 69 50 84 Total costs 141 110 167 Data relates to financial year ended March 2007. Based on 105 farms. Top third and bottom third rankings are determined by net margin. Total costs comprise variable, fixed and flock replacement costs. Source: Farm Business Survey in Wales 49

Section 3 Sheep Table 3.4 Throughput of clean sheep in Welsh plant Slaughterings Production from clean sheep Ave. carcase weight (000 head) (000 tonnes) (kg) 2005 4,222.3 76.6 18.1 2006 4,264.3 77.0 18.1 2007 4,054.4 75.6 18.6 2007 by month: January 325.2 6.0 18.3 February 255.2 4.8 18.8 March 250.6 4.9 19.4 April 290.1 5.8 20.0 May 252.4 4.9 19.5 June 293.8 5.4 18.5 July 433.9 7.8 18.0 August 268.9 5.0 18.4 September 377.5 7.1 18.7 October 470.9 8.8 18.6 November 412.0 7.6 18.4 December 423.9 7.5 17.8 Source: Defra 50

Sheep Section 3 Table 3.5 Throughput of ewes and rams in Welsh plants Slaughterings Production from ewes Total production from clean sheep & ewes (000 head) (000 tonnes) (000 tonnes) 2005 314.2 6.1 82.7 2006 292.6 5.5 82.5 2007 226.3 4.3 79.9 2007 by month: January 26.3 0.5 6.4 February 20.2 0.4 5.2 March 20.6 0.4 5.3 April 15.2 0.3 6.1 May 9.8 0.2 5.1 June 17.3 0.3 5.8 July 24.3 0.5 8.3 August 11.9 0.2 5.2 September 18.5 0.3 7.4 October 21.5 0.4 9.2 November 20.5 0.4 8.0 December 20.2 0.4 7.9 Source: Defra 51

Section 3 Sheep Table 3.6 Lamb carcases by conformation and fat in Welsh plants, 2007 (% of total) (% of total) Fat class* 1 2 3L 3H 4L 4H 5 0.9 24.0 51.45 15.5 3.9 1.5 0.8 Conformation class E U R O P 1.4 12.4 56.2 27.9 2.1 *Fat class excludes animals in P category Source: AHDB Meat Services Table 3.7 Slaughterings of all sheep by UK country, 2007 Wales England Scotland GB Northern Ireland (000 head) 4,281 9,187 1,492 14,960 814 Source: Defra 52

Sheep Section 3 Table 3.8 Number and throughputs of abattoirs in Wales slaughtering sheep Abattoirs Throughputs Annual throughput: (number) (000 head) 2006 2007 2006 2007 0-5,000 7 6 11.7 16.8 5,001-20,000 8 8 89.2 92.5 20,001-50,000 5 5 186.1 141.7 50,000 and over 7 6 4,236.8 4,055.0 Total 27 25 4,523.8 4,306.0 Source: AHDB Meat Services 53

Section 3 Sheep Table 3.9 Abattoirs in Wales slaughtering sheep, March 2008 Trading Name A D Havard* B & B Webster* Cig Calon Cymru Cyf* Cig Cibyn Ltd* Cig Oen Caron* Conwy Valley Meats D & J Thomas Dunbia* Dunbia ET Jones, Sons & Daughter* Fairfield Meat Co* GR Evans & Co* Jones Bros* J Williams and Co* L H & C A Phillips* Maddock Kembery Meats* Pembrokeshire Meat Company Randall Parker Foods* St Merryn Meats Ltd* W A James* Welsh Country Foods* William Lloyd Williams and Son* W J George Location Caerphilly Rhyl Cross Hands Caernarfon Tregaron Llanrwst Wrexham Llanybydder Nantmel Holyhead Wrexham Corwen Wrexham Denbigh Swansea Maesteg Haverfordwest Llanidloes Merthyr Tydfil Raglan Gaerwen Machynlleth Brecon * Includes co-located cutting plant. Plants listed in alphabetical order. Source: AHDB Meat Services, FSA 54

Sheep Section 3 Table 3.10 Household consumption of sheep meat by UK country, 2006 Wales England Scotland Northern Ireland (kg per person per year) 3.2 3.0 1.3 1.2 Source: EFS Figure 3.3 Retailer volume shares of lamb sales in Wales, 2007 Others 20.8% Butchers 13.8% Morrisons 8.3% Sainsbury's 10.4% Somerfield 8.0% Tesco 27.3% Asda 11.4% Source: TNS Worldpanel 55

Section 3 Sheep Figure 3.4 % change on year 2007/06 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Source: TNS World panel Changes in lamb purchases and expenditure in Wales and GB, 2007/06 GB Lamb purchases Lamb expenditure Wales 56

Sheep Section 3 Table 3.11 UK sheep meat imports 2005 2006 2007 (000 tonnes, product weight) Total sheep meat 110.0 113.8 114.0 which includes: Shares by type: New Zealand 79.4 83.4 84.7 Australia 13.3 13.5 12.7 Irish Republic 8.4 6.5 7.5 Spain 2.4 2.5 2.7 France 1.4 2.2 1.4 Carcases 10.5 8.5 9.4 Bone-in cuts 72.5 74.7 76.6 Boneless cuts 27.0 30.6 28.0 Frozen Fresh/ chilled Live sheep and goats 81.0 82.9 80.6 29.0 30.9 33.4 (000 head) - 138.3 68.7 which includes: Irish Republic - 138.3 68.7 Source: EU data Intrastat, Non-EU data HM Revenue & Customs 57

Section 3 Sheep Table 3.12 UK sheep meat exports Total sheep meat which includes: Shares by type: 2005 2006 2007 (000 tonnes, product weight) 85.2 87.1 68.3 France 61.2 61.5 50.1 Belgium/ Luxembourg 8.1 8.7 5.7 Italy 5.0 5.5 3.0 Germany 4.2 3.7 3.0 Ireland 2.2 3.0 3.6 Netherlands 0.8 0.8 0.7 Carcases 73.8 74.6 58.1 Bone-in/boneless cuts 11.4 12.5 10.2 Live sheep and goats (a) (000 head) 30.0 13.0 50.0 (a) AHDB Meat Services estimate of exports from GB only. Source: EU data Intrastat, Non-EU data HM Revenue & Customs 58

Sheep Section 3 Table 3.13 UK monthly sheep meat trade, 2007 UK sheep meat imports UK sheep meat exports (000 tonnes, product weight) January 10.4 5.7 February 9.3 5.6 March 13.5 7.4 April 13.0 6.3 May 14.7 5.7 June 11.6 5.0 July 8.6 5.4 August 7.5 3.2 September 7.0 4.3 October 7.7 3.6 November 5.2 7.4 December 5.3 8.6 Source: EU data Intrastat, Non-EU data HM Revenue & Customs 59

Section 3 Sheep Table 3.14 England and Wales sheep deadweight prices* Standard Quality Quotation (SQQ) R3L All grades (pence per kilogram deadweight) 2005 252.8 250.3 2006 261.1 258.3 2007 235.5 232.2 2007 by month: January 230.9 229.1 February 243.9 241.9 March 260.6 258.3 April 259.7 258.2 May 258.0 252.9 June 265.5 264.8 July 259.9 258.7 August 244.6 241.0 September 228.8 225.3 October 214.0 207.2 November 204.1 197.6 December 205.0 199.5 * Prices collected from a sample of abattoirs. Standard Quality Quotation includes animals weighing 12-21.5 kg dw. The prices above are for both new and old season lambs combined from 01 January to the second Monday in May and for new season lambs only for the rest of the year. Source: AHDB Meat Services Economics 60

Sheep Section 3 Table 3.15 Welsh sheep liveweight prices* SQQ Sheep Ewes pence per kilogram liveweight 2005 113.55 21.96 2006 112.67 23.17 2007 104.03 23.77 2007 by month: January 103.06 20.42 February 109.13 23.75 March 117.65 27.29 April 116.45 29.71 May 119.22 31.63 June 119.04 25.81 July 115.08 25.04 August 108.71 26.08 September 94.07 22.05 October 78.07 18.22 November 77.92 17.46 December 85.06 19.66 per head * Prices collected from Welsh auction markets. Standard Quality Quotation includes animals weighing 25.5-45.5 kg lw. The prices above are for both new and old season lambs combined from 01 January to the second Monday in May and for new season lambs only for the rest of the year. Source: AHDB Meat Services Economics 61

Section 3 Sheep Table 3.16 England and Wales store sheep prices ( /head) Sheep Lambs 2005 30.54 30.41 2006 30.72 30.93 2007 30.32 26.08 Source: AHDB Meat Services Economics Figure 3.5 Yield of prepared cuts and joints as a percentage of the lamb carcase 9.3% SCRAGG AND MIDDLE NECK SHOULDER 23.2% LOIN AND BEST END OF NECK 16% BREAST 8.6% Yield - Traditional Lamb Cuts Average yield of prepared cuts and joints as a percentage of the carcase %Yield Leg 22.3 Chump 8.4 Scrag 2.5 Shoulder 23.2 Breast 8.6 Middle neck 6.8 Kidney 0.5 Loin 9.0 Best end of neck 7.0 Saleable Meat 88.3 Fat trim 6.9 Bone and waste trim 4.8 Total 100.0 CHUMP 8.4% LEG 22.3% Source: AHDB Meat Services 62

Sheep Section 3 Table 3.17 Welsh retail prices for selected sheep meat cuts* Whole leg Loin chop Shoulder (bone-in) Diced lamb (pence per kilogram) 2005 736 1,049 455 763 2006 726 1,047 447 730 2007 691 1,048 442 792 2007 by month: January 734 1,064 454 764 February 728 1,055 444 764 March 722 1,047 440 767 April 710 1,051 448 727 May 730 1,071 450 732 June 745 1,079 455 769 July 688 1,079 425 804 August 691 1,104 427 816 September 686 1,099 432 808 October 694 1,060 431 774 November 696 998 425 741 December 699 1,007 424 737 * Prices collected from a representative sample of multiple retailers, independent retailers, co-operative butchers. Source: AHDB Meat Services Economics 63

Section 3 Sheep Figure 3.6 Changes in volume of lamb sales by cut in Wales, 2007/06 25 20 % Change of Year 07/06 15 10 5 0-5 Lamb Lamb Chop Steaks Lamb Leg Roasting Lamb Mince Lamb Shoulder Roasting Lamb Stewing -10 Source: TNS Worldpanel Cut 64

Sheep Section 3 Table 3.18 GB farm to retail price spreads - Lamb Average farm price Average retail price* Price spread (pence per kilogram) (%) 2005 250.7 556.4 54.9 2006 258.0 550.2 53.0 2007 235.8 576.8 59.1 2007 by month: January 229.2 567.9 59.6 February 242.0 576.0 58.0 March 257.3 580.4 55.7 April 250.4 574.5 56.4 May 250.5 578.9 56.7 June 265.1 585.5 54.7 July 259.5 578.9 55.2 August 242.4 579.6 58.2 September 226.3 574.5 60.6 October 207.7 576.7 64.0 November 197.9 574.5 65.6 December 200.8 573.8 65.0 * Retail prices have been converted to an untrimmed carcase equivalent. Adjustment has also been made for drip loss. Source: AHDB Meat Services Economics 65

Section 3 Sheep Figure 3.7 Changes in lamb retail price spreads (%) 65.0 60.0 55.0 50.0 45.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Source: AHDB Meat Services Economics 66

Section 4 Pigs Table 4.1 Welsh pig numbers by category (000 head) June 2005 June 2006 June 2007 Breeding pigs 4 4 4 Fattening pigs 25 21 20 Total pigs 29 25 24 Source: Welsh Assembly Government Table 4.2 Changes in number of holdings in Wales with pigs June 2000 June 2006 Number of pig holdings 1,079 898 Average herd size (head) 83 28 Source: Welsh Assembly Government 67

Section 4 Pigs Figure 4.1 Changes in breeding pig numbers in Wales 000 head 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2-1978 1980 Source: Welsh Assembly Government 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2007 68

Pigs Section 4 Table 4.3 Throughput of pigs in Welsh plants Slaughterings Production Ave. carcase weight (000 head) (000 tonnes) (kg) 2005 22.7 1.2 52.9 2006 26.2 1.4 53.4 2007 31.7 2.0 63.9 2007 by month: January 2.2 0.1 62.9 February 2.6 0.1 59.7 March 2.6 0.1 60.2 April 3.7 0.1 53.1 May 2.9 0.2 63.5 June 2.3 0.2 64.4 July 2.3 0.2 73.2 August 3.0 0.2 76.4 September 2.6 0.2 77.7 October 2.7 0.2 62.7 November 2.2 0.2 61.2 December 2.6 0.2 57.2 Source: Defra 69

Section 4 Pigs Table 4.4 Pig slaughterings by UK country, 2007 Wales England Scotland GB Northern Ireland (000 head) 32 7,401 745 8,178 1,301 Source: Defra Table 4.5 Numbers and throughputs of abattoirs in Wales slaughtering pigs Annual throughput: Abattoirs (number) Throughputs* (000 head) 2006 2007 2006 2007 0-1,000 6 6 2.8 2.7 1,000 and over 8 9 23.5 30.9 Total 14 15 26.3 33.6 * Throughputs are different to those presented in Table 4.3 as they are calculated using a different sample basis Source: AHDB Meat Services 70

Pigs Section 4 Table 4.6 Abattoirs in Wales slaughtering pigs, March 2008 Trading Name B & B Webster* Cig Calon Cymru Cyf* Cig Cibyn Ltd* Cig Oen Caron* D & J Thomas E T Jones, Sons & Daughter* G R Evans & Co* Jones Bros* J Williams and Son* Maddock Kembery Meats* Pembrokeshire Meat Company WA James* William Lloyd Williams and Son* W J George Location Rhyl Cross Hands Caernarfon Tregaron Wrexham Holyhead Corwen Wrexham Denbigh Maesteg Haverfordwest Raglan Machynlleth Brecon *Includes co-located cutting plant. Plants listed in alphabetical order. Source: AHDB Meat Services, FSA 71

Section 4 Pigs Table 4.7 Household consumption of pig meat by UK country, 2006 (kg per person per year) Pork (carcase meat) Bacon and Ham, uncooked Bacon and Ham, cooked Wales England Scotland Northern Ireland 2.4 3.0 1.6 2.9 3.5 3.4 3.3 4.3 2.4 2.3 2.5 3.3 Total 8.3 8.7 7.4 10.5 Source: EFS, AHDB Meat Services Economics Figure 4.2 Retailer volume shares of pork sales in Wales, Sainsbury's 8.1% Others 16.3% Butchers 13.7% Morrisons 9.5% Somerfield 8.4% Tesco 25.9% Asda 18.1% 2007 Source: TNS Worldpanel 72

Pigs Section 4 Figure 4.3 Changes in pork purchases and expenditure in Wales and GB, 2007/06 % change on year 2007/06 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 GB Pork purchases Pork expenditure Wales Source: TNS Worldpanel 73

Section 4 Pigs Table 4.8 UK pig meat imports 2005 2006 2007 (000 tonnes, product weight) Total pig meat which includes: 432.0 458.8 462.8 Denmark 182.2 204.7 192.9 Germany 41.1 51.7 60.8 Netherlands 51.8 57.2 54.9 Belgium 40.9 41.3 45.8 Irish Republic 38.9 34.6 36.7 France 43.8 35.5 35.9 Shares by type: Carcases 48.4 38.0 43.4 Bone-in cuts 240.2 268.6 255.3 Boneless cuts 143.4 152.2 164.1 Bacon and ham 283.4 264.0 277.5 which includes: Netherlands 140.4 118.3 124.6 Denmark 95.7 91.3 89.7 (000 head) Live pigs 434.2 478.7 432.8 which includes: Irish Republic 432.4 478.6 431.8 Source: EU data Intrastat, Non-EU data HM Revenue & Customs 74

Pigs Section 4 Table 4.9 UK pig meat exports Total pig meat which includes: Share by type: 2005 2006 2007 (000 tonnes, product weight) 91.5 94.7 108.6 Germany 25.7 27.4 31.5 Irish Republic 20.5 15.3 21.1 Netherlands 12.7 19.5 20.4 Denmark 1.9 3.8 9.7 Hong Kong 3.9 3.6 6.3 Poland 4.0 5.0 5.0 Italy 5.7 7.3 4.9 Belgium 2.8 1.9 1.0 Carcases 32.3 35.2 32.2 Bone-in/boneless cuts 59.2 59.5 76.4 Bacon and ham 10.6 10.2 12.8 which includes: Irish Republic 7.1 5.7 7.6 (000 head) Live Pigs 79.9 109.7 71.7 which includes: Irish Republic 36.0 67.8 52.9 Source: EU data Intrastat, Non-EU data HM Revenue & Customs 75

Section 4 Pigs Table 4.10 UK monthly pig meat trade, 2007 UK pig meat imports UK pig meat exports (000 tonnes, product weight) January 40.8 8.4 February 33.9 8.1 March 44.3 8.8 April 38.0 7.3 May 42.3 14.0 June 41.3 15.0 July 34.0 8.1 August 43.8 4.8 September 40.4 4.4 October 30.9 11.1 November 38.2 9.5 December 34.9 9.0 Source: EU data Intrastat, Non-EU data HM Revenue & Customs 76

Pigs Section 4 Table 4.11 GB pig deadweight prices* Deadweight Average Pig Prices DAPP UK Spec DAPP Euro Spec (pence per kilogram deadweight) 2005 102.24 103.88 2006 103.07 104.72 2007 108.03 106.33 2007 by month: January 104.78 106.45 February 102.89 104.54 March 103.62 105.28 April 104.73 106.40 May 106.43 108.13 June 107.82 109.55 July 108.23 109.96 August 107.64 109.37 September 106.81 108.52 October 107.33 109.04 November 107.27 108.99 December 108.44 110.17 * Deadweight average pig prices (DAPP) collected from a sample of abattoirs in GB. EU specification excludes flare fat, kidney and diaphragm, the UK specification includes these parts. Source: AHDB Meat Services Economics 77

Section 4 Pigs Figure 4.4 Yield of prepared cuts and joints as a percentage of the pig carcase Source: AHDB Meat Service Yield - Traditional Pork Cuts Average yield of prepared cuts and joints as a percentage of the carcase %Yield Leg and chump 26.7 Shoulder 22.9 Loin 8.0 Rib 11.0 Belly 10.4 Knuckle 2.6 Saleable Meat 81.6 Fat trim 5.5 Feet 3.0 Bone and waste trim 9.9 Total 100.0 SHOULDER 22.9% 2.6% KNUCKLE LOIN AND RIB 19% BELLY 10.4% LEG AND CHUMP 26.7% 78

Pigs Section 4 Table 4.12 Welsh retail prices for selected pig meat cuts Leg (boneless) Loin steaks Mince Traditional premium sausages (pence per kilogram) 2005 444 651 426 358 2006 494 645 425 388 2007 525 652 377 415 2007 by month: January 535 642 438 388 February 534 644 424 400 March 545 649 411 410 April 528 656 409 410 May 528 656 418 404 June 540 656 436 405 July 502 644 387 387 August 498 631 383 401 September 515 640 385 386 October 515 646 381 399 November 519 649 372 394 December 533 661 376 404 * Prices collected from a representative sample of multiple retailers, independent retailers, co-operative butchers. Source: AHDB Meat Services Economics 79

Section 4 Pigs Figure 4.5 Changes in volume of pork sales by cut in Wales, 2007/06 40 % Change of Year 07/06 30 20 10 0-10 Pork Pork Belly Pork Chop Steaks Pork Leg Roasting Pork Loin Roasting Pork Shoulder Roasting -20 Cut Source: TNS Worldpanel 80

Pigs Section 4 Table 4.13 GB farm to retail price spreads - pork Average farm price Average retail price* Price spread (pence per kilogram) (%) 2005 103.9 283.7 63.4 2006 104.7 294.3 64.4 2007 108.0 303.9 64.4 2007 by month: January 106.5 306.8 65.3 February 104.5 303.2 65.5 March 105.3 303.2 65.3 April 106.4 298.9 64.4 May 108.1 298.3 63.8 June 109.6 302.6 63.8 July 110.0 304.4 63.9 August 109.4 302.6 63.9 September 108.5 305.0 64.4 October 109.0 305.0 64.3 November 109.0 307.4 64.5 December 110.2 308.7 64.3 * Retail prices have been converted to an untrimmed carcase equivalent. Adjustment has also been made for drip loss Source: AHDB Meat Services Economics 81

Section 4 Pigs Figure 4.6 Changes in pork retail price spreads Source: AHDB Meat Services Economics (%) 70.0 65.0 60.0 55.0 50.0 45.0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 82

Notes 83

Hybu Cig Cymru-Meat Promotion Wales PO Box 176 Aberystwyth Ceredigion SY23 2YA Email: info@hccmpw.org.uk No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means without the prior written consent of the company. Whilst all reasonable care has been taken in its preparation, no warranty is given as to its accuracy, no liability accepted for any loss or damage caused by reliance upon any statement in or omission from this publication. Design Hybu Cig Cymru 2008