Global Warming and Geothermal Heat Pumps John D. Manning, PE LEED TM Accredited Professional Earth Sensitive Solutions, LLC 9th Annual NYS Green Building Conference Friday, March 25 th, 2011
The U.S. Green Building Council New York Upstate Chapter is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non- AIA members are available upon request. This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Copyright Materials This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited. U.S. Green Building Council New York Upstate Chapter 2011
Learning Objectives Climate Change & Geothermal Heat Pumps / - NYSGBC23 / 2011 Description: The discussion attempts to ignite and empower each of us to see the challenge and to move beyond our comfort zone to contribute to a better future. The presentation will also communicate a specific understanding of the geothermal heat pump technology in regards to how it works, system benefits, the expected installation costs and ultimately how this technology can be coupled with renewably generated electricity to create buildings that can be heated and cooled without producing any greenhouse gas emissions. The possibility of creating a zero-carbon facility by coupling geothermal heat pumps with renewably generated electricity firmly establishes this technology as the technology of choice for the 21st Century. Learning Units: 1 Instructor-led face-to-face Credit Designations: LU HSW SD Learning Objective 1: Reinforce the scientific reality of global warming Learning Objective 2: Learning Objective 3: Implant a sense of urgency to change our behavior Explain and remove the mystery of how geothermal heat pump systems work Learning Objective 4: Illustrate and quantify how geothermal heat pumps can reduce our carbon footprint
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Global Warming: Fact or Fiction? The Debate is Over!!! There Are Solutions!!! We Need to Lead!!! The Time is Now!!! One Word!!!
Ice Core Sampling CO 2 Levels Oxygen Isotope Ratios Lonnie G. Thompson
600 500 400 300 CO 2 [ppmv] 280 260 240 220 200 180 CO2 Concentration 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 Age (yr BP) 200,000 100,000 0
600 Projected Concentration After 50 More Years of Unrestricted Fossil Fuel Burning 500 400 300 CO 2 [ppmv] 280 260 240 220 200 180 CO2 Concentration Temp. in F 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 Age (yr BP) 200,000 100,000 0
600 Projected Concentration After 50 More Years of Unrestricted Fossil Fuel Burning 500 400 Today s CO2 Concentration 300 CO 2 [ppmv] 280 260 240 220 200 180 CO2 Concentration Temp. in F 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 Age (yr BP) 200,000 100,000 0
600 After 45 More Years of current energy use patterns 500 400 Today s CO2 Concentration 300 CO 2 [ppmv] 280 260 240 220 200 180 CO2 Concentration Temp. in F 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 Age (yr BP) 200,000 100,000 0
Discovery
Moving Beyond Opinion opinions are like noses, everyone has one
Types of Opinions Deluded Biased Informed
The World is Flat
What about this one? The Sun revolves around the Earth
And this one? Continents do NOT move
And this one? Climate Change is not Man-Made, it is the natural rythms of the planet, and besides there is nothing we can do about it.
Common Thread When prevailing popular opinion is challenged by scientific observation it threatens the status quo.and the existing power structure exercises their authority or wealth to attack this threat
The Challenge of Stabilizing Atmospheric Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide we If governments decide to stabilize the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide at 550ppm (about twice the preindustrial level), global emissions would have to peak by about 2025 and fall below current levels by 2040 to 2070. This would mean that all regions would have to deviate from most business-asusual scenarios within a few decades
CO 2 Emissions lbs per Year Office Bldg 341,553 Grandma 23,910 SUV 14,875 Light bulb 77-50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000
What is Geothermal?
Old Faithful
VERTICAL CLOSED GROUND LOOP
Small g What s in a Name? Ground Source Heat Pumps Earth Coupled Heat Pumps Water Source Heat Pumps Geoexchange TM geothermal Heat Pumps
What is a geothermal System? Technically, it is a water source heat pump system that uses the renewable energy stored in the earth as a heat source, as well as a heat sink.
What is a geothermal System? Geothermal is the most energy-efficient, environmentally clean, and cost-effective space conditioning system available.
What is a geothermal System? EPA found that on a source fuel basis geothermal systems are more efficient than competing fuel technologies. They are an average of 48% more efficient than the best gas furnaces, and over 75% more efficient than oil furnaces. In fact, today's best geothermal systems outperform the best gas technology, gas heat pumps, by an average of 36% in heating mode and 43% in cooling mode!
Polyethylene Pipe U-Bend
The Magic Newspaper Headline New York Times GE READY TO PUSH HEAT PUMP SALES New Department Is Organized to Mass Produce as Well as Distribute Product June 14, 1953
. and where is your heat pump??? 50 o F 40 o F 90 o F 80 o F
Heat Transfer 38 F 44 F 50 F 50 F
Heat Pump Moves Heat Q = 1.08 x cfm x Delta T = 1.08 x 2000 x 27 = 58,320 BtuH Supply Air - 95 F 38 F 44 F Circulating Pump Heat Pump Return Air - 68 F Q = 500 x gpm x Delta T = 500 x 15 x 6 = 45,000 BtuH = Free Heat
Heat Pump Moves Heat Q = 1.08 x cfm x Delta T 38 F 44 F Heat Pump Supply Air - 95 F = 1.08 x 2000 x 27 Coefficient of Performance = 58,320 BtuH (COP) Return Air - 68 F 58,320 58,320 Circulating COP = Pump = = 4.38 (58,320 45,000) 13,320 Q = 500 x gpm x Delta T = 500 x 15 x 6 = 45,000 BtuH = Free Heat
Heat Pump Schematic Basic Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle Q H = Q L + W COP = Q H /W
Heat Pump Schematic Reversible (Heat Pump) Cycle
Heat Pump Schematic Water-to-Air Heat Pump
Heat Pump Schematic Heat Pump w/ desuperheater
Heat Pump Schematic Option Water-to-Air Heat Pump w/ Hot Water Generator
Heat Pump Schematic Water-to-Air Heat Pump w/ Hot Water Generator & desuperheater
Courtesy of Hydron Module
Courtesy of ClimateMaster
Wall Penetration
Wall Penetration
Heating Mode (winter)
Cooling mode (summer)
Most of the Time
Recent Examples Ithaca College Peggy Ryan Williams Center 50,000 sq Ft LEED Platinum (pending) Willink Middle School 172,000 sq feet New Construction LeMoyne College Jesuit Residence 30,000 sq feet Existing Facility Cayuga Community College 60,000 sq feet Combination New/Renovation Auburn City Hall 70 year old Historical Building in need of Air Conditioning Cambria DEP Regional Office LEED 2.0 Gold Certified 33,000 Sq Ft Office Building *
Mechanical Room at Willink
Installation at LeMoyne College
Drilling Test Hole at Cayuga Community College
Memorial City Hall Auburn, NY A View from the Bell Tower
McQuay Gears Up
Why Use Geothermal Systems Energy Efficient/Low Operating Cost: 25-40% better than any other HVAC system Comfort Aesthetics Design Flexibility, More Available Space Heat Pumps can be purchased at time of space build out Individual Tenant Zoning, Metering and Maintenance Reduced Mechanical Space Requirements Low Noise Minimal Maintenance Environmentally Friendly Safety Indoor Air Quality Reliability High-Tech
Maintenance Costs Type of Equipment Median Cost Geothermal In-house 15.03 Geothermal Contractor O&P 16.78 Water source heat pump 45.00 Packaged air-to-air heat pump 27.00 Split system heat pump 35.10 Reciprocating chiller 35.10 Single-stage absorption chiller 37.20 Two-stage absorption chiller 33.95 Data compiled from ASHRAE RP-929 and Caneta Research report for July, 2000 ASHRAE publication.
Geothermal Emissions
Geothermal Emissions
CO2 Emissions lbs per Year Office Bldg 341,553 Grandma 23,910 SUV 14,875 Light bulb 77-50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000
CO2 Emissions lbs per Year 0 Office Bldg 341,553 Grandma 23,910 SUV 14,875 Light bulb 77-50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000
Relative Operating Costs
The Power of Choice!! Thank you!!! Questions????