European Approach to Recycling Depots Paul van der Werf, 2cg Inc. RCBC Conference. Whistler, BC. 29 May 2014
Introduction Overview European examples Drivers Best practices Statistics Conclusions
Recycling Depots Definition A facility that accepts recyclable materials and garbage Standalone Co-located non EPR and EPR materials Come in all shapes and sizes
British Columbia Recycling Depots Bottle depots A wealth of EPR programs Depots and retail drop off locations Resulting in diversion of many materials It appears that a resident typically needs to make a number of stops to divert a variety of materials Not always integrated New PPP program will have impact on existing depots
British Columbia Annual Tonnage- incomplete Waste Stream Tonnes Depots Comment Beverage Containers 89,000 171 Beer Cans and Bottles 34,500 180 Organics???? PPP???? C&D Waste???? WEEE 22,000 140 Small Appliances 2400 150 Lighting Products 85 30 Tires 40000 1700 Mostly retailers Cell Phones 800 Mostly retailers MHSW Paint 3000 110 Depot and retailers Pharmaceuticals 85 1100 Mostly retailers Lead Acid Batteries 21000 175 Used Oil etc. Used Oil 50,000 530 Depot and retailers Oil Filters 3100 530 Depot and retailers Oil Containers 1700 530 Depot and retailers Antifreeze Containers 2500 530 Depot and retailers Total 270,170 Kg Per Capita 61
Untapped Potential Key Recycling Depot Challenges: Design Traffic flow issues Limited recycling opportunities Sometimes messy and unappealing Health and safety issues Failure to separate generator traffic from waste removal vehicles Inadequate protection around bins How do we create a pleasant and safe environment that will attract residents and businesses to divert more wastes? How do we make it part of a day out rather than a single stop trip?
European Examples
Europe Legislation helps drive diversion Member states have to: prepare/implement waste plans for a variety of waste streams (e.g. PPP, HHW, organics) Also additional focus on waste hierarchy reuse A bit government heavy However, it has stimulated innovationincluding development of integrated recycling depots
France Stats About 12 million tonnes/year- 185kg/capita Approximately 4,600 sites Average of 2,600 tonnes/year/site On average 1 per 14,000 residents 63% efficiency rating
France Composition WEEE 2% Printed Paper & Packaging materials 14% Other 1% HHW 1% Leaf and Yard Waste 30% C&D 28% Bulky Wastes 24%
France
United Kingdom Stats Local authorities are required to demonstrate that they are implementing the waste hierarchy in priority order. This means that waste prevention and re-use will become more important. Driving recycling depot development About 4 million tonnes/year- 64kg/capita Approximately 4,000 sites 52-63% efficiency rating
United Kingdom Composition WEEE 6% Other 17% Textiles 3% Leaf and Yard Waste 25% Metal 9% Other Organics 2% Printed Paper & Packaging materials 16.4% Furniture 6% Wood 15% *Excludes rubble
United Kingdom
WRAP Household Waste Recycling Centre Guide(2012) BEST PRACTICES Key Factors Affecting Recycling Rates Range of Materials Split Level Architecture Signage Formal Re-use Systems Number of On site Staff Site Staff Incentives Public Awareness Raising Measures Tonnage Throughputs (too much can detract) Socioeconomic status of area
Netherlands Regulations As of January 1, 2013 regulation requires recycling depots to be capable of receiving 18 streams of source separated household waste It is a follow-up to a 2009 regulation on the processing of household waste With files from Rijkwaterstaat- Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu
Netherlands Regulations 1 WEEE 10 Mixed stone materials 2 Asbestos 11 Drywall 3 C-Wood 12 Leaf and Yard Waste 4 Pressurized 13 Durable plastic Containers 5 A and B Wood 14 Mattresses 6 Tires 15 Metal 7 Roofing waste 16 Paper and Cardboard 8 Soil 17 Textile (not carpet) 9 Polystyrene 18 Flat glass
Netherlands Regulations- Goals To maximize recycling of household waste Simultaneous handling of regulated (18) and other non regulated recycling streams To reduce the amount of post disposal sorting required If materials do require sorting that the same results are achieved With files from Rijkwaterstaat- Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu
Netherlands Regulations The philosophy behind this regulation is that source separated streams result in the most recyclable wastes Recycling depots that wish to source separate less than these 18 streams must demonstrate how equivalent levels of waste diversion will be achieved The regulation also indicates levels of staffing and waste acceptance procedures must facilitate the diversion of these 18 streams
Netherlands Regulations The operators of the recycling depot must operate the depot so as to maximize source separation and minimize wastes ending up in the garbage stream. This leading to continued development of fully integrated depots Integrated depots are an important tool for meeting goals With files from Rijkwaterstaat- Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu
Netherlands Statistics About 2.7 million tonnes/year- 160kg/capita Average of 7,000 tonnes/year/site 1 site per 40,000 76% recycled 22% EFW 1% Landfill
Netherlands Statistics 100% 90% 80% Percent of 374 municipalities Huidige toepassing (onderschatting) van that de have 18 bakkenuit bins for de the regeling 18 in 374 gemeenten (2012) regulated waste types WEEE Leaf and Yard Waste 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% eps matrassen drukhouders kunststoffen gips grond textiel dakafval C-hout banden papier en karton vlakglas electr apparatuur A- en B-hout asbest metalen steenachtig grof tuinafval Mattresses Tires With files from Rijkwaterstaat- Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu
Netherlands Statistics 100,0% 90,0% 80,0% 70,0% 60,0% Percent of 374 municipalities Overige bakken (niet de 18 van de that have bins for other non regeling) in 374 gemeenten (2012) regulated waste types Plastic Packaging Bulky Waste 50,0% 40,0% 30,0% 20,0% 10,0% 0,0% Metal Cans Mengfracties GFT-afval Metalen verpakkingen (blik) Drankenkartons Luiers Bruikbaar huisraad Huishoudelijk restafval Vloerbedekking Overig Kunststof verpakkingen Verbouwingsrestafval Verpakkingsglas With files from Rijkwaterstaat- Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu KCA Grof huishoudelijk restafval HHW
Netherlands Composition Metals 2% WEEE 3% Other 4% HHW 1% Leaf and Yard Waste 14% Printed Paper & Packaging materials 25% Bulky Wastes 15% C&D 36%
Netherlands- Lelystad Technology: Modulo-Béton One stop shop for all recyclables
Netherlands- Zaandam Technology: Modulo-Béton
Netherlands- Zaandam
Netherlands- Zaandam
Conclusions European legislation/regulations drive development of diversion infrastructure Integrated depots recognized as an important tool to meeting these goals Full potential remains untapped Can contribute to meeting BC s Zero Waste goals. Need to be: One stop shop Convenient, clean and safe Broadest array of re-use and recycling opportunities.
Paul van der Werf 2cg@sympatico.ca www.2cg.ca @2cg_