rtheast Field Guide, Version 1.7 APPENDIX 2 -- EASTERN U.S. SITE-TREE SELECTION CRITERIA AND FIA FOREST TYPE ALGORITHM FOR THE U.S. EASTERN U.S. SITE-TREE SELECTION CRITERIA Ideally, site trees in the eastern U.S. should be between 20-70 years old. If preferred trees cannot be found in this age range, expand the age range to 15-120 years. Reject trees outside the 15-120 year age range, trees that exhibit signs of damage, trees with ring patterns that show signs of suppression, trees less than 5.0 inches DBH, trees with abnormalities at DBH, and trees with rotten cores. A list of preferred site-tree species are provided below. Site trees should be selected in the following order of preference: 1st Choice: representative of the stand, on the list below for your region. 2nd Choice: representative of the stand, on the list below for an adjoining eastern region. 3rd Choice: not representative of the stand, on the list below for your region. 4th Choice: not representative of the stand, on the list below for an adjoining eastern region. Last Choice: any suitable non-woodland tree on the general tree list. te: NE = rtheast, NC = rth Central, SO = Southern Code Common Name Region -------------------- Softwood Species -------------------- 012 balsam fir NE, NC 043 Atlantic white-cedar NE 068 eastern redcedar NE, NC 070 larch (introduced) NE 071 tamarack (native) NE, NC 091 rway spruce NE 094 white spruce NE, NC 095 black spruce NE, NC 097 Red spruce NE 105 jack pine NE, NC 110 shortleaf pine NE, SO 125 red pine NE, NC 128 pond pine NE, SO 129 eastern white pine NE, NC, SO 130 Scotch pine NE, NC 131 loblolly pine NE, SO 132 Virginia pine NE, SO 241 northern white cedar NE, NC 261 eastern hemlock NE 195
A2 Site Tree Selection rtheast Field Guide, Version 1.7 Code Common Name Region -------------------- Hardwood Species -------------------- 316 Red maple NE, NC 317 silver maple NE, NC 318 sugar maple NE, NC 371 yellow birch NE, NC 375 paper birch NE, NC 402 bitternut hickory NE, NC 407 shagbark hickory NE, NC 462 hackberry NE 531 American beech NE 541 white ash NE, NC 543 black ash NE, NC 544 green ash NE, NC 602 black walnut NC 611 sweetgum NE, SO 621 yellow-poplar NE, SO 742 eastern cottonwood NE, NC,SO 743 bigtooth aspen NE, NC 746 quaking aspen NE, NC 762 black cherry NC 802 white oak NE, NC,SO 806 scarlet oak NE, SO 812 southern red oak NE, SO 813 cherrybark oak NE, SO 817 shingle oak NE, SO 827 water oak NE, SO 830 pin oak NE, SO 832 chestnut oak NE, SO 833 northern red oak NE, NC, SO 835 post oak NE, SO 837 black oak NE, NC, SO 901 black locust NE 951 American basswood NE, NC 972 American elm NE, NC NOTE: 602 and 762* are not to be cored due to the regional commercial value of these species. 743 and 746 are not to be cored. Aspen reproduces by root suckers. They are highly susceptible of transmitting disease from open wounds caused by boring and scribing, which may cause damage to other trees in the stand. Veneer quality trees should also be avoided, if there are other acceptable trees in the plot area for site index and stand age. *762 can only be cored on public land. 196
A2 Forest Type Algorithm rtheast Field Guide, Version 1.7 Start Total stocking<10? nstocked Hardwoods>softwoods? Go to H Engelmann sprucesubalpine fir 5% of softwoods<=subalpine fir<50% of softwoods and 5% of softwoods<=engelmann spruce<50% of softwoods Sprucesubalpine fir Engelmann spruce Engelmann sprucesubalpine fir(266) Engelmann spruce(265) Subalpine fir Subalpine fir(268) Blue spruce Blue spruce(269) True firs and spruce Western hemlocks Western hemlock Mountain hemlock Pacivic silver fir Western hemlock(301) Mountain hemlock(270) Pacific silver fir(264) White fir White fir(261) True firs Grand fir Subalpine fir Grand fir(267) Subalpine fir(268) Red fir Red fir(262) ble fir ble fir(263) Sitka sprucehemlock Redwoods Alaska yellow cedar Western white pine Western hemlock Sitka spruce Western redcedar Redwood Giant sequoia Douglas fir Alaska yellow cedar(271) Western white pine(241) Western hemlock(301) Sitka spruce(305) Western redcedar(304) Redwood(341) Giant sequoia(342) Douglas fir(201) Douglas fir-larch-western white pine Go to A Other Western softwoods Go to B Eastern pines Go to C Eastern spruce-fir Go to D Pinyon-juniper Go to E Exotic softwoods Go to F Fig. 1. Forest Inventory and Analysis forest type algorithm for the United States. 197
A2 Forest Type Algorithm rtheast Field Guide, Version 1.7 Douglass firwestern larch Douglass fir Western larch western redcedar Douglas fir(201) Western larch(321) Western redcedar(304) Douglas fir Douglas fir(201) Ponderosa pine Ponderosa pine(221) A Douglas fir-larch western white pines Douglas firwestern pines Lodgepole pine Port-orford cedar Sugar pine Lodgepole pine(281) Port-orford cedar(202) Sugar pine(224) Western larchpine Incense cedar Jeffrey-coulter pine-bigcone douglas fir Western larch Ponderosa pine Lodgepole pine Incense cedar(222) Jeffrey-Coulter pine- Bigcone douglas fir(223) Western larch(321) Ponderosa pine(221) Lodgepole pine(281) Knobcone pine Knobcone pine(361) Southwest white pine Southwest white pine(362) B Other Western softwoods Bishop pine Monterey pine Foxtail-bristlecone pine Bishop pine(363) Monterey pine(364) Foxtail-bristlecone pine(365) Limber pine Limber pine(366) Whitebark pine Whitebark pine(367) Miscellaneous western softwoods Misc. Western softwoods(368) Red-white-jack pine White pine-hemlock at least 50% of total and 5%<=Eastern white pine<50% and 5%<=Eastern hemlock<50%? Eastern white pine- Hemlock(104) Eastern white pine Eastern white pine(103) Red pine Red pine(102) Jack pine Jack pine(101) Eastern hemlock Eastern hemlock(105) C Eastern pines Longleaf-slash pine Longleaf pine Slash pine Longleaf pine(141) Slash pine(142) Loblolly pine Loblolly pine(161) Shortleaf pine Shortleaf pine(162) Virginia pine Virginia pine(163) Loblolly-shortleaf pine Sand pine Table mountain pine Sand pine(164) Table mountain pine(165) Pond pine Pond pine(166) Pitch pine Pitch pine(167) Spruce pine Spruce pine(168) 198
A2 Forest Type Algorithm rtheast Field Guide, Version 1.7 Upland spruce-fir Balsam fir-red spruce at least 50% of total and 5%<=Balsam fir<50% and 5%<=red spruce<50%? Red spruce-balsam fir(124) D Eastern spruce-fir Balsam fir White spruce Balsam fir(121) White spruce(122) Red spruce Red spruce(123) Lowland spruce-fir Black spruce Tamarack rthern white cedar Black spruce(125) Tamarack(126) rthern white cedar(127) Eastern redcedar Eastern redcedar(181) Rocky mountain juniper Rocky mountain juniper((182) Pinyon-Juniper E Western juniper Western juniper(183) Juniper woodland Juniper woodland(184) Pinyon-juniper Pinyon-juniper woodland(185) F Exotic softwoods Scotch pine Australian pine Other exotic softwoods Scotch pine(381) Australian pine(382) Other exotic softwoods(383) H Hardwoods Eastern redcedar Shortleaf pine Eastern redcedarhardwood(402) Shortleaf pineoak(404) Eastern white pine Eastern white pinered oak-white ash(401) Oak-pine at least 25% of total? Longleaf pine Virginia pine Longleaf pineoak(403) Virginia pine- Southern red oak(405) Loblolly pine Loblolly pinehardwood(406) Slash pine Slash pinehardwood(407) Go to T Jack pine or Red pine or Sand pine or Table mountain pine or Pitch pine or Pond pine or Spruce pine Other pinehardwood(409) 199
A2 Forest Type Algorithm rtheast Field Guide, Version 1.7 I Maple-beech-birch Black cherry at least 50% of total? Black cherry(802) Red maple at least 50% of total? Red maple-upland(809) Cherry-ash-yellow poplar Cherry-ash-yellow poplar(803) Hard maple-basswood Hard maple-basswood(805) Elm-ash-locust Elm-ash-locust(807) Maple-beech-yellow birch Maple-beech-yellow birch(801) Cottonwood at least 50% of total? Cottonwood(703) J Elm-ash-cottonwood Willow at least 50% of total? Willow(704) Red maple at least 50% of total? Red maple-lowland(708) River birch-sycamore River birch-sycamore(702) Sycamore-pecan-elm Sycamore-pecan-elm(705) Black ash-elm-maple Black ash-elm-maple(701) Sugarberry-elm-green ash Sugarberry-elm-green ash(706) Silver maple-american elm Silver maple-american elm(707) Cottonwood-willow Cottonwood-willow(709) Oregon ash Oregon ash(722) L Oak-gum-cypress Atlantic white cedar at least 50% of total? Atlantic white cedar(606) Sweetbay-swamp tupelo-red maple Sweetbay-swamp tupelo-red maple(608) Swamp chestnut-cherrybark oak Swamp chestnut-cherrybark oak(601) Sweetgum-nuttall-willow oak Sweetgum-nuttall-willow oak(602) Cypress-water tupelo Cypress-water tupelo(607) Overcup oak-water hickory Overcup oak-water hickory(605) 200
A2 Forest Type Algorithm rtheast Field Guide, Version 1.7 K Oak-hickory White oak at least 50% of total stocking? White oak(504) Bur oak at least 50% of total stocking? Bur oak(509) Chestnut oak at least 50% of total stocking? rthern red oak at least 50% of total stocking? Scarlet oak at least 50% of total stocking? Yellow poplar at least 50% of total stocking? Black walnut at least 50% of total stocking? Black locust at least 50% of total stocking? Red maple at least 50% of total stocking? Chestnut oak(502) rthern red oak(505) Scarlet oak(510) Yellow poplar(511) Black walnut(512) Black locust(513) Red maple-oak(519) Is one of the following at least 25% of oak-hickory stocking: (Post-blackjack oak,chestnut-black-scarlet oak, White oak-red oak-hickory,southern scrub oak, Yellow poplar-white oak-red oak, Sweetgum-yellow poplar,sassafras-persimmon)? Mixed upland hardwoods(520) Post-blackjack oak Post-blackjack oak(501) Chestnut-black-scarlet oak Chestnut-black-scarlet oak(515) White oak-red oak-hickory White oak-red oak-hickory(503) Yellow poplar-white oak-red oak Yellow poplar-white oak-red oak(506) Southern scrub oak Southern scrub oak(514) Sweet gum-yellow poplar Sweetgum-yellow poplar(508) Sassafras-persimmon Sassafras-persimmon(507) Mixed upland hardwoods Mixed upland hardwoods(520) M Aspen-birch Aspen Balsam poplar Paper birch Aspen(901) Balsam poplar(904) Paper birch(902) 201
A2 Forest Type Algorithm rtheast Field Guide, Version 1.7 N Alder-maple Red alder Bigleaf maple Red alder(911) Bigleaf maple(912) California black oak California black oak(922) Oregon white oak Oregon white oak(923) Blue oak Blue oak(924) O Western oaks Gray pine Coast live oak Gray pine(921) Coast live oak(931) Canyon-interior live oak Canyon-interior live oak(932) Deciduous oak-woodland Deciduous oak-woodland(925) Evergreen oak-woodland Evergreen oak-woodland(926) P Tan oak-laurel. Tan oak California laurel Giant chinkapin Tan oak(941) California laurel(942) Giant chinkapin(943) Pacific madrone Pacific madrone(951) Q Other western hardwoods Mesquite-woodland Mountain brush woodland Intermountain maple woodland Mesquite-woodland(952) Mountain brush woodland(953) Intermountain maple woodland(954) Miscellaneous western hardwoods Miscellaneous western hardwoods(955) R Tropical hardwoods Palm Mangrove Sable palm(981) Mangrove(982) Paulownia Paulownia(991) S Exotic hardwoods Melaluca Eucalyptus Melaluca(992) Eucalyptus(993) Other exotic hardwoods Other exotic hardwoods(995) SPECIAL MIXED CONIFER TEST FOR CALIFORNIA - IMPLEMENTED AFTER FOREST TYPE IS DETERMINED. State is California? Forest type is Douglas fir and county is not 15, 23, 41, 45, 55, 81, 85, 87, 97 or forest type is Sugar pine or Incense cedar or forest type is Ponderosa pine or Jeffrey pine and Ponderosa pine < 80% of total or forest type is white fir or red fir and true firs < 80% of total? End California mixed conifer(371) 202
A2 Forest Type Algorithm rtheast Field Guide, Version 1.7 T Oak-pine less than 25% of total Chestnut oak > 0? Add Southern red oak to Chestnut oak Post-blackjack oak > 0? Add Southern red oak to Post-blackjack oak Black ash > 0? Add American elm,red maple, silver maple, white ash, eastern cottonwood to Black ash-american elm-red maple Upland site? Add sweetgum, upland-lowland oaks, American elm, winged-cedar elm, holly, and black gum to Oak-hickory Southern region? Add upland-lowland hardwoods, beech, black cherry to Oak-hickory Add Upland-lowland oaks to Oak-gum-cypress Oak-gum-cypress>0? Red maple at least 50% of total or upland-lowland hardwoods+ beech+black cherry < 50% of total and oak-hickory > 5% of total? Add upland-lowland hardwoods, beech, black cherry to Oak-hickory Add American elm, Winged-cedar elm to Elm-ash-cottonwood Add Upland-lowland hardwoods, Sweetgum,American elm,beech, Holly, Blackgum, pin oak to Oak-gum-cypress Elm-ash-cottonwood>0? Oak-gum-cypress>0? Add Upland-lowland hardwoods, Sweetgum, Black walnut to Elm-ash-cottonwood Add upland-lowland hardwoods, beech, Black cherry,american elm, to Maple-beech-birch Maple-beech-birch > 5% of total? Oak-hickory>Maple-beech-birch? Add upland-lowland hardwoods, Black cherry, Beech to Oak-hickory Add Upland-lowland hardwoods, Black cherry, Beech to Maple-beech-birch Red oak+yellow poplar+ Black walnut < 50% of total? Add northern red oak, yellow poplar, Black walnut to maple-beech-birch Maple-beech-birch Elm-ash-cottonwood Oak-hickory Oak-gum-cypress Aspen birch Alder-maple Western oaks Tan oak-laurel Other western hardwoods Tropical hardwoods Exotic hardwoods Go to I Go to J Go to K Go to L Go to M Go to N Go to O Go to P Go to Q Go to R Go to S 203
A2 Forest Type Algorithm rtheast Field Guide, Version 1.7 204