COMBATING LAND DEGRADATION as an IMPLEMENTATION of NAP to the UNCCD IN INDONESIA Dry areas Silver Hutabarat Ministry of Forestry - Indonesia International Conference on Combating Desertification Beijing - China, 22-24 24 January 2008 Drought and desertification threaten the livelihood of over 1 billion people in more than 110 countries around the world (Kofi Annan,, 2006) 1
60 Pr I 222 PR. II 176 PR III 2
Q DEFORESTATION TION AND LAND DEGRADATION ± 1,08 million ha/yr Rate of Deforestation ± 500.000-700.000 ha/ yr Rate of Rehabilitation Y National Action Programme (NAP) to combat land degradation Was formulated participatively started from 1998 Was adopted in 2002. AFTERWARD, it is implemented through many programmes and activities, such as: Launching Reforestation/Afforestation programmes in 2003 (in priority watersheds) Embung development (in NTT) Agrosilvopasture development (in NTB) 3
LAUNCHING RE/AFORESTATION PROGRAMME GNRHL/Gerhan as a national movement for reforestation and land rehabilitation carried out by the Ministry of Forestry with target area of 5 million ha of degraded land all over the country for 7 years (2003-2009), Forest and land rehabilitation as a regular programme, streambank reclamation (ex. bamboo planting), terraces construction and planting system, gully plug, check dam, riprap, using of ground water in dry area with pumping system (ex. in Pringgabaya), etc. SEBELUM RHL, LOKASI DI KAB. TANAH LAUT KALSEL 4
EMBUNG DEVELOPMENT in East Nusatenggara (NTT) Embung is small water reservoir Suitable in elevated or depressed areas (valleys) Suitable when rainfall more than 800 1500 mm/yr Need at least 0.2 0.5 hectare of terrace rice catchment Or 0.6 1.0 hectare of grassland catchment 5
Advantages : Improves food production (crops, fish, fruit trees, etc) Promotes conservation and ecological balance Involves low investment cost per hectare Easy to construct Provide alternative (often high-return) uses to offset sacrificed land area Protects against drought Allows irrigation by gravity (no additional power costs) Mostly individually owned; hence, minimal social problems. Embung is the best Practice on Soil Conservation in dry land of East Nusa Tenggara The presence of Embung (runoff water reservoir) in the Indonesian dry land area (savanna) Its water deposit may be used for domestic purposes, and small agricultural practices in home gardens, which based on efficiently watering system such as potted farming, drip farming and sprinkle farming systems. 6
Simple Drip irrigation water AGROSILVOPASTURE DEVELOPMENT In West Nusa Tenggara Constraints for Sustainable Agricultural Development in Degraded Land, at semi arid areas or dry subhumid tropics are: Low rainfall (<1000 mm/year) Simple /traditional agriculture technology Poor farmers These conditions cause the development of sustainable agriculture become: Costly Somewhat difficult Risky to failure 7
Therefore some farmers, in order to sustain their life, have to undertake activities that might deteriorate the environment such as : cutting woods to the forest, squattering forest land and practicing shifting cultivation, farming on steepland, and other farming practices without adequate soil and water conservation techniques. These conditions have resulted in : Low family income, poor farmers Many children at school age did not go to school Many divorce cases Lack of food, malnutrition diseases Low agriculture production Poor environment condition Severe erosion High unemployment 8
Agrosylvopasture (ASP) system has the following characteristics: Multi rows of legume trees for fodder, mixed with livestocks and food crops Capability to maximize the natural synergetic relation of soil-plant-livestock-atmosphere Flexibility to adopt modern agriculture technology Flexibility to accomodate various agricultural institutions Compatible for establishing agribusiness and agro industry Compatible for restoring/rehabilitation degraded land and preventing land degradation Effectivity to increase farmers income. Agrosylvopasture in NTB Use local input (species) Sesbania, Gliricidia, Flemingia, Leucaena, etc. Use local knowledge and practices Suitable to local socio culture Livestock as economic component 9
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ASP with multi rows of legume trees provide fodder for livestock all year long at substantial amount Income from livestock and additional food crop production from ASP can increase the community welfare and food security ASP systems can restore degraded land and conserve land and water resources THANK YOU 12