Energy Audit Tool Manual 1 Client Name
CONTENTS I. About the ISO 50002 standard II. Introduction to the tool functionality III. Basic Interface and Menus IV. EA Tool Screens Detail 2
ABOUT THE ISO 50002 STANDARD The ISO 50002 standard was developed to provide a standard framework for the process of an energy audit. Audit Steps: Step 2 Step 1 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 3 3
ABOUT THE ISO 50002 STANDARD The energy audit tool has been developed in accordance with the ISO 50002 standard. The ISO 50002 standard is a holistic approach to energy auditing that elaborates a framework for organizational engagement, facility assessment, energy analysis, and planning of measures to reduce energy use. The ISO 5002 audit standard is designed to compliment the ISO 50001 energy management system. 4
ABOUT THE EA TOOL The tool is not just for technical analysis, but to guide the energy auditor through the ISO 50002 energy audit process. Proactive client engagement Encourage a focus on energy efficiency barriers, not only technical analysis Identify key personnel at the client site and ensure their involvement for developing the audit and recommendations Follow a structured process for data collection and planning a site visit Optimize time and budget through good data collection planning processes 5
ABOUT THE EA TOOL Optimize time and budget through planning data collection and ensuring that measurements are performed at the appropriate accuracy Prepare the auditor for a site visit strategy that not only emphasizes technical data collection activities, but also a focus on human factors Guide the auditor through energy analysis and developing the energy balance Providing a guide to outlining a well structured energy audit report 6
ABOUT THE EA TOOL The purpose of the tool is to step the auditor through step 1 through step 7 of the ISO 50002 audit process: Energy Audit Planning (ISO 50002 step 1) Opening Meeting (ISO 50002 step 2) Data Collection (ISO 50002 step 3) Measurement Planning (ISO 50002 step 4) Conducting the Site Visit (ISO 50002 step 5) Analysis (ISO 50002 step 6) Reporting (ISO 50002 step 7) 7
TOOL MENU TABS ACCORDING TO AUDIT STEPS The tool menu tabs correspond to the ISO 50002 audit steps. Tool menu tabs: Step 1 Step 2 / Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 2 Step 1 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 3 8
EA TOOL - FUNCTIONALITY AND MINIMUM DATA INPUT REQUIREMENTS 9
TOOL FUNCTIONALITY The EA tool is designed to support the development of an energy audit including: - Generally documenting client and facility details - Tools for preparing for on site data collection tasks - Collection of data to support analysis - Tools for analyzing energy management practices, energy use patterns, and developing an energy balance - Tools for simple analysis of equipment retrofits 10
TOOL STRUCTURE For the energy analysis to be performed, only data in the yellow screens need to be entered. All other screens are standalone or read only. The stand alone screens include forms (EA-3,EA-5, OM-1 to Om-5), and tools (EA-2, EA-4, OM-7, MP-7, MP-1 to MP-3, AN-1 to AN-6). The yellow screens are mandatory to fill to generate an energy balance. 11
TOOL STRUCTURE As shown Below, 12
MINIMUM DATA REQUIREMENTS The tool provides the following functions: - General project documentation - Tools for evaluation of energy management practices - Forms for audit data collection - Development of the facility energy balance - Analysis of basic energy efficiency retrofits 13
MINIMUM DATA REQUIREMENTS The tool provides several functions to assist the energy auditor However, for the energy balance analysis, there are is fundamental data that are required. 14
MINIMUM DATA REQUIREMENTS Tool Function Energy Balance Analysis Data Type Scope of Data Relevant Screens Utility data 1 year kwh per month kw demand per month (electricity only) Monthly cost Installed equipment specifications Equipment schedule Equipment Power rating Efficiency Hourly operating profile for weekdays, weekends, holidays OM-6 SS-3 to SS-12 SS-2 Retrofit Analysis Installed equipment specifications Equipment schedule Equipment Power rating Efficiency Hourly operating profile for weekdays, weekends, holidays AN-1 to AN-6 SS-2 15
EA TOOL ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY 16
ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY Calculations for energy system can become highly complex. The objective of the tool is to provide a way to analyze energy use with simplified techniques. The consumption and demand of energy for a facility is always an estimate which is determined through a relationship between key operating variables and the physical specifications of equipment As with many other analyses, the energy analysis of facilities can be guided by the 80/20 rule ( Pareto Principle ) whereby an accuracy of 80% can be achieved through sound estimating techniques. Energy balances are developed in the tool by guiding the auditor to collect the principle specifications of equipment to which operation variables (hours, operating intensity) are applied. The analysis capability of the tool is simple but effective. It is not a complex engineering modeling tool, but rather a tool to assist in a energy accounting for the auditor. The auditor my use best engineering judgement to estimate the tool inputs, typically hours of operation and operating intensities, so that energy use and demand can be estimated. Energy consumption is estimated on a monthly basis, but is informed by application of hourly scheduling. 17
ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY 18
ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY The monthly intensity factor is only for equipment for which operating intensity is affected by weather severity. The tool assumes that a value of 1 means the equipment is operating at typical maximum operating power. For a piece of air conditioning equipment, a value of 1 would be selected if the design temperature was met or exceeded for that month. Typically, the monthly intensity factor will be below 1. The user must select an average for this value for the month. The value is typically selected based on the number of degree days in a month for the case of air conditioning equipment However, it is possible that the equipment operating intensity is associated with another independent variable. For example, production intensity at a factory. 19
ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY The nominal monthly operating hours is the summation of the operating hours for all weekdays, weekends, and holidays in a particular month. A model day weekends (WE), weekdays (WD), and holidays (HO) is defined in the tool. Every hour for each model day for a WE, WD or HO is can be defined as either on or off which is represented by a 1 or 0. A setback factor for each hour in each model day can be defined. The setback factor is a value between 0 and 1. The purpose of the setback factor is to simulate control of equipment in response to a change in the operating needs of the equipment. For example, an automation system could be used to either dim or turn off lights in a certain building space (e.g. hallway). During unoccupied hours, the lights would be expected to then only operate about maybe 10% of the total. For air conditioning cooling units, this setback factor could also be used to further adjust hourly operating profiles according to the expected hourly change in average outside air temperature. Just remember that the hourly setback factor is applied to all model day types for the particular month. The tool only works to make adjustments for monthly averages, it does not allow customization for each individual day of the month. This is perhaps less accurate, but is a simplification that should allow for a reasonable level of accuracy. 20
21 ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY
ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY (CONT) The setback factor can be defined for each operating hour during the day. This intensity factor accounts for the following: Equipment duty cycle (e.g. air conditioning compressor) % of full load equipment is operating Depreciation of loading due to faults: Lamps burned out in fixture; Age factors; etc. 22
EA TOOL INTERFACE 23
EA TOOL INTERFACE MENU TABS 24
EA TOOL INTERFACE RIBBON MENUS Top ribbon tabs correspond to ISO 50002 step 1-7 Step 1 Step 2 / Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 2 Step 1 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 3 25
EA TOOL INTERFACE SUB-MENUS After selecting a top menu item (The Dash Tab in this case, there will be two sub-menu items which can be selected 26
ENERGY AUDIT PLANNING (STEP 1) The purpose of Step 1 of the ISO 50002 process is to initialize the relationship with a customer for conducting a potential energy audit. The overall goal should be for energy efficiency intervention opportunities (i.e. management changes, equipment retrofits) identified during the audit to be implemented. An energy audit is not just an exercise in energy accounting, it is the foundation which supports concrete steps toward improving energy efficiency. The ISO 50002 energy audit process is designed to help the auditor understand both technical interventions for EE, but also what barriers exist that have prevented action to date. The fist step inthe process is to explore these barriers and the strategic importance of EE in the customer s business so that the audit can be used to support action for implementing energy efficiency measures. 27
ENERGY AUDIT PLANNING (STEP 1) During this initial phase, the key objective is: to understand motivation for the client to perform and energy audit, Explore the strategic importance of energy to the client Review the clients current energy management practices and how effective they are; Understand the client s barriers to implementing EE measures Understand the desired outcomes of a potential energy audit Develop the scope for a potential energy audit Understand the high level facility development plan (e.g. capital planning) and how it will affect future energy use 28
ENERGY AUDIT PLANNING (STEP 1) Lack of capacity Lack of knowledge or expertise Lack of time/priority Lack of access to adapted financing EE Barriers Lack of capacity to take on risk 29 These are common examples. There can be others. During Step 1, the auditor should document barriers. The technical solutions will not be implemented without overcoming EE barriers.
DASHBOARD SCREEN 30
THE DASH BOARD SCREEN (D-1) This screen is read only and provides an overall summary of the energy audit data and collected and analysis. This screen is read only with fields populated from other screens in the tool. This screen provide the user feedback about the progress of the audit. If data in fields are missing, then data collection and analysis is incomplete. 31
THE DASH BOARD SCREEN FACILITY OVERVIEW The facility overview screen is just basic data about the client and project. The fields are populated form the project details screen (EA-1). 32
THE DASH BOARD SCREEN BUSINESS CASE this provides and indication of how much energy is of the total operating budget of the client. The inputs for this part of the Dashboard are from the Business Case Worksheet screen EA-2. 33
THE DASH BOARD SCREEN BUSINESS CASE The energy balance section provides a snapshot of the energy balance analysis and tells the auditor if the analyzed energy use in the energy boundary is in balance with the supplied energy. The energy balance data comes from the utility data screen (OM-6) and Site Survey Screens (SS-1 to SS12). 34
THE DASH BOARD SCREEN SUMMARY OF MEASURES This last table in the dashboard is a summary of recommended measures. This data comes from the analysis screens in the tool (AN-1 to AN-6). 35
AUDIT PLANNING ISO 5002 STEP 1 36
AUDIT PLANNING-PROJECT DETAILS SCREEN These are the basic project details for the audit, including client and site descriptions. The analyses in the tool does not depend on this data. The purpose of the data in this screen is to document the basic site and project data. The data in this screen is actually optional, but highly recommended to properly document the audit. None of the data in this screen will affect the energy analysis. 37
AUDIT PLANNING-PROJECT DETAILS SCREEN The purpose of the business case screen is to help the auditor and client determine how much impact energy has on operating costs. This screen is a tool only and should be used by the auditor to help understand the strategic context of energy (importance of energy) in the organization. This will help the auditor and customer in the discussion about the object of the audit and to identify the level of emphasis that should be put on non-energy benefits of energy efficiency (e.g. improved production quality, increased production reliability, environmental sustainability, health and human safety, etc. If energy expenditure is more than 10%, then energy savings is probably very important. If energy expenditure is less than 5% then energy expenditure is probably no a significant concern. The information helps the auditor to understand strategies for development of energy efficiency measures. If there is low interest in saving energy then other rationale must be found for justifying projects. This screen is only a stand alone tool for informaing retrofit strategy and does not affect the energy analysis. 38
AUDIT PLANNING CLIENT INTERVIEW QUESTIONS The purpose of this screen EA-3 is to provide a form to help the auditor with further engaging the clients about how the organization manages energy and what the strategic business context of energy is in the company. This screen should be printed out and taken with the auditor during initial discussions about planning an energy audit with the client. These questions can be used again when speaking with other people involved with energy at the company as well even after a formal agreement for performing an energy audit has been signed. 39
AUDIT PLANNING EVALUATION OF CLIENT ENERGY MANAGEMENT The purpose of screen EA-3 is to provide the auditor with a tool to objectively score energy management practices at an organization. The tool has a series of criteria for which the auditor can select a weight. This tool is stand alone and input into this screen does not affect the energy analysis on other screens. 40
AUDIT PLANNING CAPITAL PLANNING EVALUATION SCREEN Screen EA-5 is a form which can be used by the auditor to document the client s energy related capital planning. Capital planning is an indication of the clients higher level investment planning It is important to understand capital planning so that the auditor can propose measures that fit within the greater factility development strategy and add value to planned facility changes. 41
AUDIT PLANNING - OUTPUTS The outcome of step 1 of the energy audit process should be an agreement with the client regarding the scope and goals of the energy audit. Ideally, the client and auditor should develop and agree upon a terms of reference for the audit. The audit tool provides some guidance and tools for the auditor to explore the organization s requirements, identification of goals (including investment criteria), and the scope for the energy audit. The forms and tools under the Energy Audit Planning tab are design to assist the auditor in the process. The next step of the audit process is to have an official kick off meeting for the energy audit itself and to begin initial data collection tasks. 42
OPENING MEETING / DATA COLLECTION ISO 50002 STEP 2/3 43
OPENING MEETING & AUDIT PLANNING (ISO 50002 STEP 2/3) Step 2 of the ISO 50002 audit process is the official start of kickoff of the energy audit. The kick off process should be an opportunity for the auditor to submit an initial data collection request to the client. The EA tool provides several data collection forms (OM-1 to OM- 5), a utility data collection screen, and a tool for analyzing the relationship between energy use and other key variables (OM-7). Forms OM-1 to OM-5 should be printed out by the auditor and used as a template to guide data collection. The data in forms OM- 1, OM-3, OM-4, and OM-5 will be used to fill out data entry screens in the Site Survey section of the EA tool (SS-1 to SS-12) survey screens. The utility data screen (OM-6) is where all utility data is entered into the tool. This data is linked to the energy balance analysis screen (AN-7) and critical for developing the energy balance. It is mandatory. to complete. 44
OPENING MEETING / DATA COLLECTION WORK PLAN SCREEN (OM-1) The purpose of screen OM-1is to provide a form to guide the auditor in developing the scope and work plan for the energy audit. The scope should have been developed between the client and auditor in Step 1. This form provides a template to document audit sub-tasks and indicate the time frame. This screen is stand alone and is only for the purposes of audit planning. It is optional to fill out although good practice. 45
OPENING MEETING / DATA COLLECTION O&M RECORD FORM SCREEN (OM-2) The purpose of screen OM-2 is to guide the energy auditor in recording the existing operations and maintenance issues and historical O&M works. This will help the auditor and client plan the audit and focus on the most strategic operational areas. This screen is stand alone and is only provided to guide the auditor to explore current O&M that affect energy use. 46
OPENING MEETING / DATA COLLECTION MONTHLY SCHEDULE FORM SCREEN The purpose of this screen is to provide the auditor a form to record typical daily operating schedules for each month. This screen is provided to guide the auditor in collecting data about the facility schedule. This is a stand alone screen and does not link to any analysis screens. Filling out data fields in this form is optional. 47
OPENING MEETING / DATA COLLECTION DAILY OPERATING PROFILE SCREEN The purpose of this screen is to provide the auditor a form to record daily operating profiles of the facility for indicated periods. The profiles should be defined by schedule, which typically associated with a piece of equipment, area of a building, etc. The data fields in this form do not link to any other screens. Completing the data fields in this form is optional. The auditor will use the data collected for the fomr in screen OM-4 to complete the data required for screen SS-2. 48
OPENING MEETING / DATA COLLECTION O&M RECORD FORM SCREEN The purpose of screen OM-5 is to guide the energy auditor in collected zone data. This form should be printed out and taken to the initial audit kick off meeting and to subsequent site data collection visits. A zone is typically the delineation of specific energy sub-system boundaries. For example, a particular room in a building, the central plant, a production line, etc. Screen OM-5 is stand alone and does not link to any other screens. It is only provided to assist the auditor in organizing data collection. Data collected for zones is used in screens SS-1 to SS-12. 49
OPENING MEETING / DATA COLLECTION UTILITY DATA ENTRY SCREEN Screen OM-6 is a critical data entry screen. The data used to fill in the fields in screen OM-6 is the utility data provided by the clients typically in the form of a utility bill. Screen OM-6 has a series of navigation buttons at the top to access the individual utility data entry sections on the sheet. This energy summary screen at the top is populated by utility entry fields below. The data in this screen IS NOT optional and is critical to the energy analysis. This data is primarily used as input for the Weather and Variables screen (OM-7) and the Energy Balance screen (AN-7). 50 The blended utility rate is simply the total utility cost divided by the total energy use. This rate should only be used for initial savings estimates.
OPENING MEETING / DATA COLLECTION UTILITY DATA ENTRY SCREEN If the button for an individual utility is pressed (electricity in the example below), the portion of the sheet that has the electricity data entry section will be shown. This part of the screen is editable and should be used to enter the utility data. Fields are provided for billed and metered energy. In the cost section, there are fields for various utility bill charges. All charge components should be entered as appropriate. For the tool to function correctly, minimally, the metered energy and all the utility bills charges should be entered. Graphs to assist in analyzing usage patterns. 51
OPENING MEETING WEATHER DATA INPUT This screen is used to enter weather data for the site. There are two types of weather, design weather and historical weather. This screen is only provided for data storage purposes and correlation studies. 52
OPENING MEETING WEATHER DATA INPUT The design weather data is used to predict energy savings. It is based on a statistical set of data published by the local weather service or a number of other providers. The base year weather should correspond to the selected base period. This is the actual recorded weather data that corresponds to the base period. 53
OPENING MEETING INDEPENDENT VARIABLES INPUT The tool has the functionality for the auditor to enter key independent variables. This independent variable will be used to study correlation with utility. Correlation studies help the auditor explore what is driving energy use using statistical techniques. 54
OPENING MEETING INDEPENDENT VARIABLES INPUT Like weather, there may be other key independent variables that are important to the auditor in analyzing the factors that drive energy consumption: - Production volume - Patients in a hospital - Guests in a hotel - etc. 55
OPENING MEETING INDEPENDENT VARIABLES INPUT The tool allows the auditor to analyze energy use vs weather and key independent varables using regression analysis: Plot of energy vs independent variables and trend line showing correlation. 56
OPENING MEETING WEATHER AND VARIABLES Screen OM-7 is a tool to document weather data and analyze the correlation between energy use and independent variables such as weather, production and occupancy. The first part of the screen is for entering the design weather data and actual weather data which corresponds to the actual utility bills for the facility. This screen is stand alone and entry of data is OPTIONAL and will not affect the energy analysis. 57
OPENING MEETING WEATHER AND VARIABLES Screen OM-7 has a section for the user to fill in design weather data. Design weather data is the average data for a location taken over 20 years. There is also a weather data section for the actual weather data. This should be the actual weather data that corresponds to the base period being examined. The base year climate data table also has a field for a key variable. Minimally, to use the tools below in this screen for correlation studies, the cooling degree days and key variable must be entered in the Base Year Climate Data table. 58
OPENING MEETING WEATHER AND VARIABLES Screen OM-7 also provide a regression tool to help the auditor test the correlation between a energy use associated with a particular utility and a selected independent or key variable. The energy data for each utility is filled from the utility data screen (OM-6). The key variable is filled from the first part of the screen in the weather data sections. In the weather data section under the base year climate data table there is a column to fill in the value of an independent variable. It is critical to enter the key independent variable and Cooling degree days so that the correlation data can be generated below. 59
OPENING MEETING WEATHER AND VARIABLES Shown to the right is the two correlation graphs that will be generated when the energy data, weather data, and key variable value is entered. The correlation graphs will help the auditor determine what key variable the energy use pattern is correlated. In a typical office buidling, this would be weather (represented by cooling degree days. However, in a factory, this would be represented by production or some other production variable. In a hotel, the key variable might be guest occupancy. 60
MEASUREMENT PLANNING ISO 50002 STEP 4 61
MEASUREMENT PLANNING MEASUREMENT PLANNING FORM This first screen in the Measurement Plan step of the ISO process is to guide the auditor in planning the requirement measurements required before going to the site. This form will assist in identifying equipment required and site coordination requirements. 62
MEASUREMENT PLANNING AUDIT EQUIPMENT LIST FORM This form in the measurement planning is to help the auditor and their organization manage audit equipment assets. It is important to understand which equipment is at which site (deployed) and a particular location so that equipment will not be lost and equipment / data is harvested at appropriate times. 63
MEASUREMENT PLANNING MEASUREMENT PLANNING FORM This screen in the measurement planning step is to assist the auditor in on site coordination with appropriate contact in particular areas of the facility where the audit will take place. It is mean as a reminder for on site interviews. 64
SITE SURVEY ISO 50002 STEP 5 65
SITE SURVEY ZONE DESCRIPTIONS The purpose of this screen is to define all the zones for a facility. Zones can correspond to a boundary to associate equipment to. For a building, defining the area of the zone is important. 66
SITE SURVEY SCHEDULE INPUT SCREEN The scheduling screen is a key part of the analysis input. Schedules are defined on the basis of day profiles, month day profiles, and intensity factors for daily and the monthly schedule profiles. 67
SITE SURVEY SCHEDULE INPUT SCREEN The daily operating profiles are defined for weekdays, weekends, and holidays on a 24 hour basis. The daily operating profile for weekdays are where schedules are initially defined for each piece of equipment. Minimally, the schedule name must be entered. Access the appropriate day profile and then define the schedule on a 24 hour basis Define each schedule here. 68
SITE SURVEY SCHEDULE INPUT SCREEN The tool can accommodate setbacks for particular schedules. This is to accommodate a decrease in operating intensity, like a VSD driven fan, which is determined by a particular operating mode of the equipment. Access the setback schedule here. Setback is to accommodate strategies where equipment is operating at a lower loading point due to some occupancy or production related variable. Enter the setback for each hour in terms of o% to 100% of full load for each hour for the defined schedule 69
SITE SURVEY SCHEDULE INPUT SCREEN The monthly Hour profiles define how many weekend days, weekdays, and holiday days are in a particular month. Access the monthly load factors here. The monthly load factors will help determine (0%- 100%) on average, how much a piece of equipment is loaded. Enter the loading factors here. This can be defined by weather intensity or operating intensity based on some other independent variable The cooling degree days and independent The cooling degree days are entered in the variables are entered in the weather and weather and variables schree. variables screen. 70
SITE SURVEY SCHEDULE INPUT SCREEN The monthly Hour profiles define how many weekend days, weekdays, and holiday days are in a particular month. Access the month day profile here Define the number of days in a month here for each category (weekend, holiday, etc) 71
SITE SURVEY EQUIVALENT MONTHLY HOURS The equivalent monthly hours will show, after all schedule, setback, and monthly intensity factors are entered, what the equivalent monthly hours are. Access the equivalent monthly hours here Shows the equivalent monthly hours. 72
SITE SURVEY EQUIPMENT SURVEY SCREENS There is an equipment survey screen defined for several categories of equipment. This is used for the analysis. This is not a form. There are a total of 7 categories for equipment that can be entered. including the catch all general category. 73
ANALYSIS ISO STEP 6 74
ANALYSIS SCREENS The site survey data automatically populates the survey portion of the analysis screen. For each piece of equipment, the auditor can then enter a corresponding new piece of equipment with new schedule if desired. This represents the retrofit. Survey table entry auto populated. Retrofit table entry. 75
ANALYSIS SCREENS After entering the post retrofit equipment retrofit, the tool calculates the energy and demand savings. Savings for each retrofit scenario. 76
ANALYSIS ENERGY BALANCE CHECK Energy use by category summarized first. This information comes from each equipment analysis screen Energy use by utility is summarized here. This should be close (+/- 10%) the energy use by category. Pie graph of energy use by end use category displayed here. 77
SURVEY SUMMARY This screen summarizes all survey data entered by the auditor showing preretrofit energy consumption. 78
RETROFIT SUMMARY This screen summarizes the retrofits entered by the auditor with a summary of energy savings and cost savings. 79
REPORTING - ISO 5002 STEP 7 80
REPORTING The tool provides for an energy audit summary template. This summary report template can be filled in with text, but the main purpose is to guide the energy auditor in developing an outline for a longer audit report. 81