Int. J. Engg. Res. & Sci. & Tech. 2014 Parte Shyam Singh and Yadav R K, 2014 Research Paper ISSN 2319-5991 www.ijerst.com Vol. 3, No. 3, August 2014 2014 IJERST. All Rights Reserved EFFECT OF MARBLE DUST ON INDEX PROPERTIES OF BLACK COTTON SOIL Parte Shyam Singh 1 * and Yadav R K 2 *Corresponding Author: Parte Shyam Singh shyam_parte12@rediffmail.com This paper presents the results of a laboratory study undertaken to investigate the effect of marble dust powder on the index properties of black-cotton soil. The black-cotton soil has a poor supporting capacity and large change in volume on variations of moisture content. Such expansive soils may need to be improved to make them suitable for construction activities. The objective of study is to evaluate the feasibility of industrial waste like marble dust as soil stabilization material. To investigate the effect of marble dust on index properties of black-cotton soil a series of laboratory experiments have been conducted on black-cotton soil samples mixed with 0% to 40% of marble dust by weight of dry soil. The test results showed a significant change in consistency limits of samples containing marble dust. The liquid limit would decrease from 57.67% to 33.9%. The plasticity index decreased from 28.35% to 16.67% and shrinkage limit increased from 8.06% to 18.39% with the addition of marble dust from 10% to 40% of the dry weight of the black-cotton soil. Also the differential free swell decreased from 66.6% to 20.0%, showing appreciable decrease in swelling behaviour. From this laboratory investigation it is concluded that the waste material like marble dust generated from stone industries has a potential to modify the characteristics of expansive clay like black-cotton soil. There is significant improvement in the index properties of the black-cotton soil on addition of marble dust into it. The expansive behaviour of the clay has reduced to a great extent. Keywords: Marble dust, Black-cotton soil, Soil stabilization, Index properties INTRODUCTION The black cotton soil is an expansive clay. The construction on expansive soil always creates a problem for civil engineers because of its swell and shrink behaviour. When the black cotton soil comes in the contact of water then excessive swelling is caused and when water content decreases shrinkage occurs in the soil. Because of this movement lightly loaded structures such as foundations, pavements, canal beds, linings, 1 Geotechnical Engineering, JEC Jabalpur (MP), India. 2 Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department, JEC Jabalpur (MP), India. 158
and residential buildings founded on them are severely damaged (Chen, 1988). It has been estimated that the annual damage to structural on expansive soil are $1000 million in USA, 150million in UK and $1000 million pounds in worldwide (Gourley et al., 1993). In India expansive soils covers about 0.8 10 6 Km 2 area approximately 20% of surface area. The black cotton soil contains high percentage of montmorillionite mineral which imparts expansive behaviour to it. Disposal of waste materials generated from different industries causes many problems like environment pollution in the nearby locality, scarcity of land for disposal, etc. Industrial waste like blast furnace slag, fly-ash, silica-fume, rice husk ash and stone dust, etc., are considered as alternative materials for soil stabilization. The marble dust is generated from cutting and polishing of marble stone. The amount of marble slurry generated is very substantial, being in the range of 5-6 million tons per annum. This paper envisages the effect of marble dust powder on the index properties of black-cotton soil. LITERATURE REVIEW A lot of research work has been done worldwide in the direction of utilizing of marble dust waste into the soil stabilization technique. The test results revealed that there is significant increase in soaked CBR values. Swami (2002), Baser (2009) and Biswas et al. (2012) studied the utilization of rice husk with lime in sub-grade soil for a rural road. They concluded that a very little amount of lime (3%) added to the clayey soil with rice husk ash; improve the CBR value and compaction characteristics to a great extent. The effect of marble dust with rice husk ash on expansive soil has been studied by Sabat and Nanda (2011). It has been reported that the CBR and UCS values increases substantially due to addition of these two materials with expansive soil. The waste material marble dust used as a stabilizer in expansive soil. The engineering properties were modified to a great extent. Choudhary et al. (2011) reported the improvement in CBR values of expansive soil subgrade utilizing geo-synthetics. Vishwakarma and Rajput (2013) studied the utilization of waste marble slurry to enhance the soil properties. The main objective of their study was to utilize the waste material like marble slurry to improve the characteristics of black-cotton soil. A laboratory investigation was conducted on black-cotton soil and marble slurry mixed into it in different proportions. The test results showed a significant improvement in compaction and CBR characteristics. Gupta and Sharma (2014) studied the influence of marble dust, fly-ash and Beas sand on sub grade characteristics of expansive soil.), and Palaniappan (2009) and Agrawal et al. (2011), had investigated that marble dust powder is effective waste material in the stabilization of expansive soil. Which improve the index and engineering properties like as LL, PL, SL, compaction, swelling characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY The black-cotton soil marble dust powder is mixed on different proportions and a series of laboratory tests were conducted on samples containing various percentages of marble dust, i.e., 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by weight of the dry soil. The following tests were conducted on blackcotton soil and marble dust mixes as per relevant IS codes of practice. The experiments conducted are: Grain-size Distribution Liquid Limit 159
Plastic Limit Plasticity Index Shrinkage Limit Differential Free Swell (DFS) Test. MARBLE DUST The stabilizer material used in this study was marble dust. The marble dust was obtained from a marble cutting and polishing industry located at Adharatal, Jabalpur (MP). BLACK-COTTON SOIL The black-cotton soil involved in this study was brought from Tewar, Bheraghat Road, Jabalpur (MP). The expansive soil (BC) is classified as clay of high plasticity (Gs = 2.58 with 95% fines) with expansive behaviour. Physical Characteristics of clay samples is presented in Table 1. The test results obtained from various laboratory investigations are summarized in Table 2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Test results variation of LL, PL, PI, SL, and DFS are shown in Figures 2 to 5. The LL decreased Table 1: Engineering Characteristics of BC Soil S. No. Parameters Test Values 1. Soil classification CH 2. Specific gravity g/cc 2.58 3. Liquid Limit (LL)% 57.67 4. Plastic Limit (PL)% 29.32 5. Plasticity Index (PI)% 28.35 6. Shrinkage Limit (SL)% 8.06 7. Differential Free Swell (DFS)% 66.6 8. Grain Size Distribution (%) Sand (%) 5 Silt + Clay (%) 95 Figure 1: Particle Size Distribution Curve of Black Cotton Soil The grain size distribution curve of BC soil is shown in Figure 1. TEST RESULTS The Various tests are conducted on blackcotton soil mixed with marble dust in different proportions as per relevant IS Code of practice. Table 2: Test Results of BC Soil-Marble Dust (%) S. No. Particulars of Tests CM0 CM10 CM20 CM30 CM40 1. Soil Classification CH CH CI CI CL 2. Liquid Limit (%LL) 57.67 52.43 42.51 39.21 33.90 3. Plastic Limit (%PL) 29.32 28.06 23.50 21.61 17.23 4. Plasticity Limit (%PI) 28.35 24.37 19.01 17.60 16.67 5. Shrinkage Limit (%SL) 8.06 10.33 12.37 15.06 18.39 6. Differential Free Swell (%DFS) 66.60 55.0 47.2 38.46 20.0 Note: Where CM0 = BC Soil + 0% Marble Dust; CH = Inorganic clay of high plasticity; CM10 = BC Soil +10% Marble Dust; CI = Clay of medium plasticity; CM20 = BC Soil +20% Marble Dust; CL = Clay of low plasticity; CM30 = BC Soil + 30% Marble Dust; CM40 = BC Soil + 40% Marble Dust. 160
from 57.67% to 33.90% as a marble dust content is increased from 0% to 40%. Similarly the plasticity index (PI) of BC soil decrease from 28.35% to 16.67% with the increase of marble dust content in the BC soil. Also the Shrinkage Limits (SL) increase from 8.06% to 8.39% and DFS 66.6% to 20.0% respectively. This test result Figure 5: Variation of DFS Values with Increase in Clay-Marble Dust Mixtures Figure 2: Variation of L L for Clay-Marble Dust Mixtures indicates that the swelling behavior of the soil is considerably reduced. CONCLUTION Figure 3: Variation of P I Values with Increase in Marble Dust Based on extensive laboratory tests conducted on black-cotton mixed with marble dust from 0% to 40% by weight of dry clay. The following conclusions can be drawn: The liquid limit values of the samples are decreasing with the inclusion of marble dust into the BC soils. It has been found that the liquid limit decreased from 57.67% to 33.90% on adding of 0% to 40% marble dust into it. There is significant reduction in plasticity index values from 28.35% to 16.67%. Figure 4: Variation of SL Values with Increase in Clay-Marble Dust Mixtures The shrinkage limit of the black-cotton has been increased by adding of 40% marble dust. The shrinkage limits increase from 8.06% to 18.39%. The Differential Free Swell (DFS) has reduced from 66.6% to 20.0%. The results of plasticity index, shrinkage limit and DFS indicates that the degree of expansiveness reduced from very high to low. From the above laboratory investigation it can be concluded that the industrial waste like marble dust has a potential to modify the characteristics 161
of expansive clay like black-cotton soil and to make it suitable in many geotechnical applications. REFERENCES 1. Baser O (2009), Stabilization of Expansive Soils Using Waste Marble Dust, Master of Science Thesis, Submitted to Civil Engineering Department, Middle East, Technical University. 2. Biswas (2012), Utilization of Rice Husk with Lime in Sub-Grade Soil for a Rural Road, International Conference on Emerging Frontier in Technology for Rural Area. 3. Chavhan Pooja J (2014), To Study the Behaviour of Marble Powder as Supplementry Cementitous Material in Concrete, Journal Environment & Research and Department, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 377-381. 4. Chen F H (1988), Foundations on Expansive Soils, Chen and Associates, Elsevier Publications, USA. 5. Choudhary A K, Gill K S and Jha K N (2011), Improvement in CBR Values of Expansive Soil Sub Grade Using Geo-Synthetics, Proc. Indian Geotechnical Conference, pp. 569-572. 6. Corinaldesi V, Moriconi G and Naik T R (2009), Characterization of Marble Powder for its Use in Mortar and Concrete, United States, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 24, pp. 113-117. 7. Demirel B (2010), The Effect of the Using Waste Marble Dust as Fine Sand on the Mechanical Properties of the Concrete, Turkey, International Journal. 8. Ergu A N (2010), Effects of the Usage of Diatomite and Waste Marble Powder as Partial Replacement of Cement on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete, Turkey, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 25, pp. 806-812. 9. Gourley C S, Newill D and Shreiner H D (1993), Expansive Soils, TRL s Research Strategy, Proc. 1 st Int. Symp. on Engineering Characteristics of Arid Soils. 10. Gupta Chayan and Sharma Ravi Kumar (2014), Influence of Marble Dust, Fly Ash and Beas Sand on Sub-Grade Char act er ist ics of Expansive Soil, Journal of Mechanical & Civil Engineering, pp. 13-18. 11. Hameed M S and Sekar A S S (2009), Properties of Green Concrete Containing Quarry Rock Dust and Marble Sludge Powder as Fine Aggregate, India, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 83-89. 12. Hebhoub H, Aoun H, Belachia M, Houari H and Ghorbel E (2010), Use of Waste Marble Aggregates in Concrete, France, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 25, pp. 1167-1171. 13. Negi Chhaya, Yadav R K and Singhai A K (August 2013), The Effect of Silica Fume on Index Properties of Black Cotton Soil, International Journal of Scientific Engineering Research, Vol. 4, No. 8, pp. 828-832. 14. Palaniappan K A and Stalin V K (2009), Utility Effect of Solid Wastes in Problematic Soils, International Journal of Engineering Research and Industrial Applications, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 313-321. 162
15. Sabat A K and Nanda R P (2011), Effect of Marble Dust on Strength and Durability of Rice Husk Ash Stabilized Expansive Soil, International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 939-948. 16. Saranjeet Rajesh Soni et al. (2011), Disposal of Solid Waste for Black Cotton Soil Stabilization, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Sciences and Technologies, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 113-120. 17. Swami B L (2002), Feasibility Studies of Marble Dust in Highway Sector, Highway Research Bulletin, Vol. 67, December, pp. 27-36. 18. Vishwakarma Amit and Rajput Rakesh Singh (2013), Utilization of Marble Slurry to Enhance Soil Properties and Protect Environment, Journal environment & Research and Department, Vol. 7, No. 4A, pp. 1479-1483. 163