Ubiquitous Computing in Business Processes Part II Prof. Dr. Lutz Heuser Urban Software Institute Prof. Dr. Zoltán Nochta SAP AG Darmstadt November 13 th, 2015
Outline 1. Recap
What kind of Business Processes are out there? We can categorize typical enterprises business processes: Management processes, incl. strategy and process management, etc. Core business processes, incl. production, sales, marketing, purchasing, customer care, etc. Supporting processes, incl. human capital management, accounting, facility management, IT management, etc. Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 3 Picture Source: SAP AG
Smart Items Generic Definition A smart item is Object of the Real world, Basically every thing - buildings, vehicles, machines, tools, pallets, boxes, shopping carts, shelves, consumer products, etc. Capable to store data about itself or its environment e.g. identifier, temperature, location, etc. Capable to exchange data via a communication interface wired or wireless Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 4
Example HF RFID Tag Source: Auto-ID Center Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 5
Outline 2. RFID in Business Processes: Asset Management
RFID supported Asset Maintenance Process 1.) Technician reads information stored on RFID-tag 2.) Maintenance and repair planning based on information on RFID tag loaded 4.) Information update on RFID tag after maintenance has been performed RFID tag on asset 3.) Execution of maintenance and repair activities Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 7 Source: SAP AG
Benefits Assets can be identified locally without access to backend system Assets can be identified correctly (no manual data entry needed) Technician can perform work efficiently because all important information can be found on the tag, such as Manufacturer information Technical specification Production date Safety instructions or As-build configuration RFID tag stores service history (the item s memory ): Who did what by when? RFID tags can be read through non-metallic substances, paint, grease or other obscuring materials (rugged environmental conditions) Always access to up-to-date technical object information Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 8
Example: Fire shutter maintenance at FraPort (1) Maintenance orders are downloaded by mobile device assigned to the service technician Service technician goes to fire locker RFID tag on the fire locker is read and the equipment is identified Maintenance order for this equipment is automatically found and displayed. Service technician may enter a damage code. Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 9 Source: SAP AG
Example: Fire shutter maintenance at FraPort (2) Service technician inspects and maintains the equipment After finishing his work, technician updates information on the RFID tag by adding inspection date and personal identification. The time between start and end of the work is automatically recorded as well. Orders with damage codes and times are synchronized with the enterprise backend system, later. Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 10 Source: SAP AG
Project at FraPort: Costs and Monetary Benefits Main cost elements Hardware Mobile Devices Tags Tagging Software licenses Implementation and consulting Specific customer benefits Time savings Per day and technician Per year Avoidance of double orders (5% of orders before the project) Increased asset safety and compliance thanks to proven maintenance records Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 11
Outline 3. RFID in Business Processes: Supply Chain Management
Supply Chain The Supply Chain - A complex puzzle! Where is my product? How will my partners gain visibility? Why is there a delay? What is causing the bottleneck? Am I compliant to regulations? When will my shipment arrive? How can my supply chain improve? How can I track my assets? How can I prove delivery to customer? How can I manage recall and returns? Is the product genuine? Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 13 Source: SAP AG
RFID in Order Fulfillment Process Vendor Pick or Produce Build Handling Unit (HU) Issue Goods (Loading) Retailer Associate Boxes & Pallet Tags Scan IDs Middleware Post Goods Issue ERP Create HU WM Delivery Adv. Ship Notification Cust. Order Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 14 Purchase Order Source: SAP AG
Let s have a look into the Factory! RFID in Discrete Manufacturing Process Vendor Pick or Produce Build Handling Unit (HU) Issue Goods (Loading) Retailer Associate Boxes & Pallet Tags Scan IDs Post Goods Issue Middleware ERP Create HU WM Delivery Adv. Ship Notification Cust. Order Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 15 Purchase Order Source: SAP AG
Production Process Triggered by RFID Automatic kanban status change, goods receipt posting, and creation of the material document Production process Supply area Full Empty Status to EMPTY Material RF gate RF gate Supply source External procurement Stock transfer In-house production Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 16 Kanban (with RFID tag) Automatic replenishment order Source: SAP AG
RFID in Goods Receipt Process Vendor Check and Receive Goods Retailer Scan IDs Check consistency Feedback Middleware Register EPCs Post Goods Receipt ERP Source: SAP AG Adv. Ship Notification Delivery WM Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 17
Outline 4. RFID Information Exchange between Enterprises in Supply Chains
RFID in Supply Chains: The Need for Standardization In order to ensure supply chain visibility, the exchange of data between companies along the entire supply chain is required Inter-company business processes can profit from RFID as an automated identification and data collection technology In order to leverage the full potential of RFID, standardization at multiple levels is required. Most importantly: RFID tag data: syntax and semantics Communication btw. tags and readers: hardware characteristics RFID related data exchange: interfaces and data formats GS1/EPCglobal is one out of many organizations that drive the standardization of RFID and the underlying data management infrastructure Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 19
The Internet of Things - EPCglobal Network Architecture Event Registries Search and Discovery Source: EPCglobal Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 20
EPCglobal Network & Standards Overview Event Registry Event Registries Search and Discovery Security Specifications ALE Application Program Interface (API) Tag Data Translation Reader Management Reader Protocols Gen 2/Other APIs Tag Data Standards EPCIS protocols Source: EPCglobal Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 21
EPCglobal Network Standards Scope Tag Data Standards UHF Gen2 Air Interface Protocol Reader Protocol Reader Management Tag Data Translation Application Level Eventing (ALE) Object Naming Service (ONS) EPCIS Protocols Security Specification Encoding EPC tags information based on various numbering system standards Reader Tag communication Reader Middleware / applications communication Multiple EPC reader environment management Converting tag data standards to Internet compatible formats (at reader level) Multiple EPC handling seen by multiple readers based on filtering criteria/rules Find information source to given EPC Storage and retrieval of information about EPC Secure EPC information handling and exchange Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 22
EPCglobal/GS1 Tag Data Standard Main goal: Migration of existing serialized and non-serialized numbering schemas for RFID-enabled applications EAN.UCC standards define numbering schemas for different application cases EAN: European Article Number (a.k.a. International Article Number, IAN) UCC: Uniform Code Council Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) Identifier for any kind of products or services, incl. books (ISBN is a GTIN variant) Item level enhancement: SGTIN Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) Identifier for packaging units, such as boxes or pallets, rather than contained products Global Location Number (GLN) Identifier for functional and physical entities participating in processes Functional entity: company name, head quarters address, comp. division name, etc. Physical entity: warehouse loading dock, building, room, retail shop, etc. Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 23
Electronic Product Code (EPC) 96 bit General Identifier (GID-96) without specific EAN.UCC semantics: EPC Manager: Uniquely identifies the EPC issuing company, typically the manufacturer of the tagged product in question Product/Object Class: Uniquely identifies the product type, a.k.a. Stock Keeping Unit (SKU) Serial Number: Unique identifier of the given item of type Product Class Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 24
Electronic Product Code (EPC) Encoding SGTIN-96 96 bit EPC with SGTIN specific semantics: Header Filter Value Partition Company Prefix Item Reference 00110000 3 3 20-40 24-4 38 Serial Number Filter Value: Allows fast definition of, e.g. Retail Consumer Trade Item Standard Trade Item Grouping Partition: Indicates length of both Company Prefix and Item Reference fields In total 44 bits Item Reference: Unique identifier of product type (SKU) Serial Number: Unique identifier of the given item of type Item Reference Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 25
EPCglobal Network Architecture Event Registries Search and Discovery Source: EPCglobal EPCIS protocols Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 26
EPC Information Services (EPCIS) Goal: Provide data sharing between companies based on EPC EPCIS standard specifies service interfaces to capture and query EPC-related data in an interoperable way it does not specify how to manage and use EPC data EPCIS offers interfaces to a EPCIS Repository EPCIS Repositories store historical event data with business relevance, e.g. The pallet with EPC E containing the list L of EPC has left the warehouse W at location L on date D. Business applications generate, maintain and utilize EPCIS data, e.g.: when sending a shipping notification or goods receipt when items of a production batch have to be recalled when a drug pedigree has to be generated, etc. Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 27
EPCglobal Network Architecture Event Registries Search and Discovery Source: EPCglobal Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 30
Object Name Service (ONS) in Overview ONS returns Unified Resource Identifiers (URI) to a requested EPC ONS supports only GTIN based lookups ONS standard does not support item-level information URI points to product-level data rather than item-level data ONS entirely relies on DNS architecture and protocols conforms to existing Internet name services utilizes Naming Authority PoinTeR (NAPTR) to return one or more URI on the same host Each URI found points to a server containing product level information or services product name, manufacturer name, advertisement, EPCIS Query Interface to find out more about the tagged product ONS servers do not store product or item specific information Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 31
ONS Distributed Resolution Example Company Prefix: 0614141, Products by Item Reference: 000024, 000025, etc. Source: EPCglobal Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 32
ONS Query Processing Overview Source: EPCglobal Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 33
Outline 5. RFID in Retail Processes
RFID in Retail Processes Vendor Pick or Produce Build Handling Unit (HU) Issue Goods (Loading) Retailer Associate Boxes & Pallet Tags Scan IDs Middleware Post Goods Issue ERP Create HU WM Delivery Adv. Ship Notification Cust. Order Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 35 Purchase Order Source: SAP AG
Retail Management: Overview Pain Point Categories product lifecycle Source: PWC Consulting Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 36
Potential Retail Store Operations supported by RFID Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 37
RFID Smart Shelves in Retail Stores: Overview Smart Shelf with RFID technology Recognizes position of tagged products Sends state of shelf to back-end system Back-end System Monitors state of shelf Recognizes Misplacement Expiration date Out-of-Stock situation Plan-o-gram compliance Triggers countermeasures Sends orders to vendors Sends alerts to store staffs mobile devices Source: SAP AG Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 38
Example Smart Shelf Hardware Architecture Source: SAP AG Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 39
Example Smart Shelf Interleaved Reading Source: SAP AG Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 40
Example Smart Shelf Some Technical Details Items equipped with RFID transponders 125kHz EM Marin system 6x6 RFID antenna grid 12 antennas multiplexed in 1 reading unit overall 3 units 3 antennas are read in parallel (130ms per successful read) 9 items can be detected Read miss rate: 0.3 % Average response: 1.5 s Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 41
Outline 6. Group Exercise
Group Exercise - Setting Goal: Develop a Smart City Service Business Case including PoC Team of 4-5 Exercise consists of two parts Build a business case for a Smart City Service Description of the Service Deployment and operation of the Service Business Plan using a business model canvas (see attached) Build a PoC using UrbanPulse and [ui!] COCKPIT Identify the smart data source and connect it via [ui!] CONNECTOR Visualize the Service using [ui!] COCKPIT (Build an App) Kick-off on January 15 th, 2016 with a tutorial on UrbanPulse and [ui!] COCKPIT (Review / Feedback opportunity on January 22 nd, 2016) Jam Session on pitch on January 29 th, 2016 first two hours Successful presentations will count for 50% of exam (TBC) Content of January 15 th is part of the lecture and exam Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 43
Business Model Canvas Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 44
Smart City Dashboard Shows the urban data of the city Ubiquitous Computing in Geschäftsprozessen / Lutz Heuser, Zoltan Nochta / Page 45
Smart City Dashboard - Sample Urban Sensor Data Example: Environmental Data Identify thresholds of air quality Stake holder: City Authorities Technical Solution: Multi-sensor nodes as smart items collect data and send them to a sensor data platform for evaluation.
Smart City Dashboard PoC Build your own Tile Team 1 This could be your service? Team 2 This could be your service? Team 3 This could be your service? Team 4 This could be your service? Team 5 This could be your service? Team 6 This could be your service?