Kenda Mwenja Biogas Component Coordinator MoA GIZ (PSDA) EU Biogas Promotion Project P.O. Box 41607 Nairobi, 001000 Landline: 020 2731826 www.psda.co.ke
Presentation Content Project Background Objectives and targets Main Activities The technology and cost items Implementation Biogas Uses Lessons Learned Acknowledgement
Background Project title Up scaling the Smaller Biogas Plants for Agricultural Producers and Processors Country Kenya Project period Jan 2008 Dec 2010 (later extended to June 2011 at no cost) Budget Total 1,970,259.69; (EUEF I Contribution 1,325,358.69 (68%)) Partners Sector Ministries in GIZ Agricultural Programme (PSDA) )and Kenya Federation of Agricultural Producers (KENFAP) Final Beneficiaries: Rural farmers, rural households and rural public institutions
Project Objectives Objective Small to medium level rural dairy farmers, pastoralists and other beneficiaries have improved their living conditions and have adequate access to energy through use of biogas technology. Planned Targets Number of biogas plants 350 including 20 institutional Training of biogas constructors and establishment of Contractors 100 technicians and 5 contractors
Planned targets (contd) Constructed digester capacity has a total sum volume of 7000 m3 Survey on national biogas demand of biogas carried out Requests for biogas plant construction increased to at least 200 per year Technical drawings for at least 6 different biogas digester sizes made available Manuals on operation and maintenance developed and available Standards d for at least 4 sizes of biogas plants and 2 biogas (lamp and burner) appliances co opted in the Appropriate Technology Committee at KEBS Targeted rural households h have reduced d fuel wood consumption with 60 % by end of 2010 By end of 2010 at least 30 agricultural enterprises have initiated income generating activities based on additional energy supply
Main Activities Biogas awareness to end user/consumer and extension agencies Training of selected companies and artisans Technical assistance to artisans and companies Up scaling in the construction and installation of Biogas Plants Rehabilitation of Malfunctioning Biogas Plants Establishing a follow up and maintenance system for Biogas Plants Promote availability of accessories/appliances for Biogas Units such as lamps and burners in the local market Putting in place a monitoring system for Biogas Plants Supporting relevant government officials in promoting biogas technology
Technology The biogas plant: Non compartmentalized, Fixed dome type Cone shaped slab, cylindrical wall (quarry stones), dome with neck (casted concrete bricks), gas tight plaster and round expansion chamber. Sizes range from 8 to 124 cbm digester volume (gas storage ranging from 2 cbm to 17 cbm)
Technology Details
Biogas Plant Dome and Expansion chamber Feeding chamber and Dome
Main Construction Items Earth Movements Excavation costs and backfilling Trenching and backfilling for pipes Material Cement, Bricks for dome (made on site), Ballast, Riversand (washed), Quarry stones or hollow blocks and Clay Water proof additives Round bars, Binding wire Pipes (PVC and PPRs) Timber, nails etc (for formwork) Brushes (wire and paint) Gas piping manholes Clear pipe for manometer in kitchen Appliances (burners or lamps or small engines) Labour Skilled biogas mason(s)and casual workers
Costs (as after Dec 2010) Size of plant (cbm) Material Cost (KES) Labour (KES) Total costs (KES) In Euro (Dec 10) 8 94,622.00 35,000.00 129,622.00 1,180.92 12 108,669.00 40,000.00 148,669.00 1,354.44 16 125,933.50 50 45,000.00 170,933.50 155728 1,557.28 24 141,394.00 53,000.00 194,394.00 1,771.02 31 176,275.00 75 65,000.00 241,275.00 4, 2,198.13,9 48 209,638.00 75,000.00 284,638.00 2,593.18 59 230,829.50 80,000.00 310,829.50 2,831.80 70 264,379.50 90,000.00 354,379.50 3,228.56 90 291,192.00 100,000.00 391,192.00 3,563.94 124 342,430.00 120,000.00 462,430.00 4,212.95
Implementation/Progress Number of trained biogas plant constructors 300 artisans and 30 among them have established functional business firms Number of biogas plants operational 468 (415 with EU co financing) including 30 institutional plants (29 with EU input) Average size of biogas plants (m³) 16 (median=most of plants); 21 (average although no plants has this size) Annual Production of gas (m³/kg), Energy content & computed electricity eect ctypoducto production (MWh) 1.2million M³ per year 7 200 MWh per year 1 800 MWh (25% assumed efficiency for small generators) Investment costs (EUR ) of a 16 cbm plant? 1.500 (with 20% subsidy) Average payback period 2 3 years
Trend in Number of Biogas Plants Introduction of Subsidy
Additional Progress Indicators Direct investment on biogas plants Total (as from 2008 to Dec 10) KES 82 million (750,000 ), with disbursed subsidy about KES 12 million (117,096 ) Governance structures Association i of biogas contractors (ABC K) National association of biogas users (NABUA) Project implementation committee (biogas value chain committee) Computed impact on environment annual savings of 3,930 tons of firewood and 260 tons of charcoal. Translating to 41 ha of saved forests annually and 11,900 tons of CO 2 Equivalent. Others Survey on national demand assessed gave a conservative figure of potential of 1.2 million biogas plants Designs for 10 sizes completed (drawings and bill of quantities) Manuals (construction, operational and awareness) developed Promotional materials (T shirts, brochures, handbills, stickers, plates etc) Paper on biogas standards (shared with Energy Regulatory Committee, Kenya)
Construction Activities i i
Training Activities Theory Training On-site Training Piping and Appliance Adapting Training Awarding Certificates
Uses of Biogas Cooking Lighting
Other Uses Brooding I need other better photos here Running small engines Slurry for agriculture
Lessons Learned Successes Market based approach was selected based on experiences in Kenya in the 1980 when GTZ (now GIZ) implemented the Special Energy Programme (SEP) i.e. less involvement of Government personnel in construction. Re introduction of the biogas agenda in Kenya and importance of quality as a pre requisite for long term up scaling Incentives/subsidies accompanied by intensive follow ups created a strong interest and demand for biogas specifically for smallholder farmers trained artisans and those who were willing to make biogas construction their business showed good adherence to required standards d
Lessons contd Challenges Several designs and variety of promoters in an un coordinated market Information on quality and quality assurance procedures hardily shared among promoting organizations (the feeling mine is better ). Ministry of Energy hardly had any impact on this matter and promoters were left to practice their own way. Weak position of customers/end users to deal with rogue contractors (farmers never took or hardly would take any action on their own unless supported by a project). Contractors driven too much by desire for money at the expense of quality (taking advantage of less informed and weak clientele) Inadequate government participation in policy direction, incentives provision, education, legal framework for quality adherence etc
Acknowledgement EU delegation Kenya (Ms. Sanne and team) Programme Management (GIZ agricultural l sector) AKUT consulting firm Danish Energy Management (Ms. Annegrete Lade Lausten and team) KENFAP REAP Biogas Owners (480 plus). Plus..