International Association of Hydrogeologists and China

Journal of Groundwater Journal of Science Groundwater and Engineering Science and Vol.5 Engineering No.3 Jul. Vol.5 2017 No.3 Sept. 2017 International Association of Hydrogeologists and China HAN Zai-sheng 1*, NI Zeng-shi 2 1 China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China. 2 Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, CAGS, Shijiazhuang 050061, China. Abstract: Before 1985, there were a few Chinese participators for International Association of Hydrogeologists which founded in 1956. The Chinese team composed of senior hydrogeologists attended the 17 th and 18 th IAH congress in 1985. More and more Chinese delegates were present at the conferences since then. The IAH National Chapter of China was first established in 1987 and organized related activities continuously since that time. The IAH members in P.R. China increased in these years. IAH congresses have been hold in China twice. The 21 th congress was held in Guilin City in October, 1988. The 34 th congress was held in Beijing in October, 2006. The IAH China Chapter serves for all IAH members and other scientists promoting groundwater sciences in China. There were a lot of national conferences on Hydrogeology and Groundwater sciences held almost every year since 1987. Those national conferences associate with Commission on Hydrogeology, Geology Society of China in operation. Many Chinese IAH members were the editors and responsible for the Chinese translation for the abstract of Hydrogeology Journal. The Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering is an international journal for the natural sciences. The sponsors are IAH China chapter, Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, CAGS. Keywords: International Association of Hydrogeologists; China; History; Publication 1 International Association of Hydrogeologists 1.1 Introduction Founded in 1956, the International Association of Hydrogeologists enters its 60 th anniversary in 2016, an important milestone on a journey that officially began in Mexico City during the 20 th International Geological Congress (IGC). Today, IAH has emerged as the world s leading international association specialist in groundwater, with over 4 100 members in 131 countries, more than 40 national chapters, 14 commissions and networks, 2 book series and an outstanding scientific journal-hydrogeology Journal. 1.2 A modest start to the association The formation of a provisional committee under * Corresponding author. E-mail: hanzsh@hotmail.com Drouhin s chairmanship at the IGC meeting in Algiers in 1952. This committee prepared the way for the formal establishment of IAH on 8 th September 1956 at the 20 th IGC in Mexico City at which the first Council of the Association, with Paul Fourmarier of Belgium as president, was elected. IAH held its first Congress in Paris in 1957 and in 1964 became affiliated to the International Union of Geological Sciences. 1.3 In the early years French and German hydrogeologists in particular played defining roles and the administration of IAH was undertaken in Paris from IAH s foundation until 1979. The principal language of IAH at the time was French, and IAH s information bulletins from 1958 to 1977 were published in French, with the exception of a few short contributions in English. It is entirely fitting, therefore, that the conference was hosted for the 50 th anniversary in Dijon, the Association should celebrate its 60 th anniversary by returning to France 303

Journal Journal of Groundwater of Science Science and and Engineering Vol.5 Vol.5 No.3 No.3 Sept. Jul. 2017 for its 43 rd Congress, co-convened by IAH s French and German chapters. 1.4 Period of rapid growth Between 1980 and 1989, the Association was administered from the Netherlands and since then from the UK. Membership grew slowly during the 1960s and 1970s and then more rapidly, more than doubling during the 1980s as the importance of mapping and investigating groundwater resources and developing new supply sources became more widely recognized and the number of groundwater professionals increased. It had long been the ambition of IAH to produce its own journal to complement the well-established book series. This came to fruition in 1992 when Applied Hydrogeology, with four modest issues per year, began publication with Heise. The title was changed to Hydrogeology Journal in 1995 and its publication was moved to Springer in 1997, since which time it has grown into the present Hydrogeology Journal published in eight issues per year containing around 130 articles and nearly 2 000 pages and a steadily increasing impact factor. 1.5 Adapting to change More recently, the increasing importance of managing groundwater resources and protecting aquifers from pollution have produced evolving scientific directions within hydrogeology which are naturally reflected in the titles of IAH s congresses and books. Commissions for groundwater protection, urban hydrogeology, managing aquifer recharge and transboundary aquifer management were established in response. Newer commissions on groundwater and climate change and on groundwater and ecosystems also reflect the changing directions of hydrogeological science. What was essentially a club of some 250 members has grown into an organization of over 4 000 spread throughout the world, and the structure and governance of the association needed to evolve accordingly. Thus, in 2000 the council and secretariat of the time put in considerable effort so that IAH could become incorporated as a company and registered as a charity in the UK. IAH has also needed to recognize the changing ways in which professional societies provide benefits and services to its members. Examples of this include provision for on-line access to the journal and more recently for open access publication, and the gradual development of web-based news, information and communication, and social media fora to replace conventional mail. More recently, a Forward Look strategy was developed at a meeting in the UK in 2010, and this has resulted in many new activities, one of the most successful activities was the establishment of a very active IAH Early Career Hydrogeologists Network. 1.6 Looking forward to 2016 and beyond The Association must ensure that its complement of commissions and networks remains productive and adapts to changing priorities and issues. IAH also needs to redouble its efforts both by itself and with appropriate partners to promote the wise use, sound management and proper protection of groundwater resources. This can be achieved by participating in major international water events and by the chapters taking opportunities at a national level. To support such initiatives and as part of the anniversary programme, IAH has embarked on a series of strategic overviews of current groundwater issues, the first two of which, on groundwater and energy and on groundwater and food security, are already available. More are planned during 2016. Finally, but certainly not least, the Association must also work hard to develop benefits that attract into membership the younger professionals whose active participation in all of IAH activities is essential for the continuing strength of the Association. 2 Development of IAH in China 2.1 IAH National China Chapter The IAH National Chapter of China was first established in 1987 and organized related activities continuously since that time. A new national chapter of IAH was elected in 2012, current president of IAH China Chapter is Shi Jiansheng. The IAH members in China increased in these years. The IAH members in Hong Kong and

JournalofofGroundwater GroundwaterScience Scienceand andengineering Engineering Vol.5 Vol.5 No.3 No.3 Sept. Jul. 2017 Journal Taiwan have close contacted with China Chapter. More and more young hydrogeologits are interesting for IAH activity. Some of them have jointed the organization. The IAH members of China were 51 in 2011 and currently are 71 in 2016. There are 64 Members, 3 in Honkong and 6 in Taiwan. The IAH members are included mainland, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao. Those regions are part of China. The IAH China chapter serves for all IAH members and other scientists promoting groundwater sciences in China. The IAH members in China steadily increased in the years. There were a lot of national conferences on Hydrogeology and Groundwater sciences held almost every year since 1987. Those national conferences associate with Commission on Hydrogeology, Geology Society of China in operation. There were more than one hundred attendees in each of the conferences. There are Chinese national conferences preparation for IGC and IAH congress, such as symposium in Beijing, 1992 and the symposium in Haikou, 2006. Fig. 1 Members of IAH in China Fig. 2 Locations of IAH Congresses (Modified from the figures of Willi Struckmeier & Ken Howard & John Chilton) IAH congress meeting have hold in China twice. The 21th IAH congress holds in Guilin city, 10-15 October, 1988 which theme is Karst Hydrogeology and Karst environmental Protection. There were more than 450 delegates from 32 countries present, including 240 Chinese delegates. A proposal for IAH conference in China was passed through national chapter meeting in Chongqing in 2002. HAN Zai-sheng had submitted it to the IAH Council on 22 September 2003 in Bled, Slovenia and later IAH Council awarded the IAH congress 2006 in China. The 34th congress was held in Beijing, on 9-14 October, 2006 which theme is Groundwater-Present status and future task. IAH China Chapter is one of the organizers for both of the congress. The IAH China chapter serves for all IAH members and other scientists promoting groundwater sciences in China. There were over 500 scientists from 55 countries, with 250 from China and some 120 from other Asia countries attended the meeting. Particularly significant was the attendance from many countries in Asia. The 305

Journal Journal of Groundwater of Science Science and and Engineering Vol.5 Vol.5 No.3 No.3 Sept. Jul. 2017 meeting organizers were China Geological Survey and the China chapter under the sponsorship of IAH and the Ministry of Land and Resources of China. The congress included two days of parallel technical, tourist excursion and a day of specialist thematic meetings. There included joint session on Transboundary Aquifers in Asia, coordinated with the WAYMAP project. The two meetings marked IAH 50 th anniversary both of the Conference in Dijon France in May and 34 th Congress in Beijing China in October 2006. Table 1 IAH Congress attended by Chinese 2.2 Participation of the IAH Congress by Chinese Before 1985, there were a few Chinese participators for International Association of Hydrogeologists. The Chinese team composed of senior hydrogeologists attended the 17 th and 18 th IAH congresses in 1985. More and more Chinese delegates presented the conferences since then. No. Year Site Theme Chinese attended 17 1985.1 Tucson, Arizoua State, US Hydrogeology of rocks of low permeability, 18 1985.9 Cambridge, UK. Hydrogeology in the service of man 19 1986 Congress, Karlovy Vary, Czechoslovakia, Integrated land use planning and groundwater protection management in rural areas, 1. LI Ci-jun 4. XIN Kui-de, LIN Xue-yu, YUAN Dao-xian and CHEN Meng-xiong 2. ZHANG Zhi-yi, SUN Chang-ren 20 1987 Rome, Italy Rome congress 3. XIN Kui-de, et al. 21 1988 Guilin, China 22 1990 Lausanne, Switzerland Karst hydrogeology and karst environmental Protection Water resources in mountainous regions 23 1991 Tenerife, Spain Aquifer over-exploitation 150 2. FEI Jin, et al. 3. ZHANG Zhen-guo, FEI Jin, WANG Zhao-xin 24 1993 Oslo, Nova Hydrogeology of hard rocks, 2. LI Jin-kai et al. 25 1994 Adelaide, Australia 26 1995 Edmonton,Canada 27 1997 Nottingham, UK. 28 1998 Las Vegas,USA 29 1999 Bratislava, Slovakia Management to sustain shallow groundwater system Managing the effects of man s activities on groundwater Groundwater in the urban environment: selected city profiles Gambling with groundwater, physical, chemical and biological aspects of aquifers-stream interactions Hydrogeology and land use management Groundwater: Past achievements and 30 2000 Cape Down, South Africa future challenges 31 2001 Munich, Germany 32 2002 Mar del Plata, Argentina 33 2004 Zacatecas, Mexico, 34 2006 Beijing, China New approaches to characterise groundwater flow Groundwater and human development Groundwater flow understanding: from local to regional scale, Groundwater-present status and future task 3. XUE Yu-qun, ZHANG Zhi-hui et al. 2. CHEN Bao-run, et al. 2. WANG Bai-li, et al. 1. HAN Zai-sheng 1. HAN Zai-sheng 300

Journal of Groundwater Journal of Science Groundwater and Engineering Science and Vol.5 Engineering No.3 Jul. Vol.5 2017 No.3 Sept. 2017 Table 1: Continued No. Year Site Theme Chinese attended 35 2007 Lisbon, Portuguese Groundwater and ecosystems 36 2008 Toyama, Japan 37 2009 Hyderabad, India Integrating groundwater sciences and human well being Water: A vital resource under stress, how science can help 38 2010 Krakow, Poland Groundwater quality sustainability 39 2012 Niagara Falls, Canada Confronting global change 40 2013 Perth, Australia 41 2014 Pone, Morocco Solving the groundwater challenges of the 21 st century Groundwater: Challenges and strategies 42 2015 Rome, Italy Hydrogeology: Back to the future 43 2016 Montpellier, France Groundwater and society: 60 years of IAH 6. HAN Zai-sheng, ZHANG Fa-wang, LIU Zai-hua, CHENG Yan-pei, et al. 16. HUANG Zhi-xing, HE Qing-cheng, ZHANG Fa-wang, ZHANG Zhao-ji, YE hao, NI Zeng-shi et al. ZHANG Fa-wang, ZHANG Yi-long, NI Zeng-shi 30. HAN Zai-sheng, CHEN Jian-yao, CHENG Yan-pei, NI Zeng-shi, LIANG Xing, JIN Meng-gui, SHEN Zhao-li, JIANG Xiao-wei, LIU Zai-hua, YUAN Dao-xian, et al. 15. CHENG Yan-pei, LIANG Xing, JIN Meng-gui, HOU Guang-cai,YIN Li-he, DONG Yan-hui, HAN Yong et al. 6. LIU Qi-sheng, WANG Hao, ZHOU Jian-wei, JIANG Xiao-wei, CHEN Jian-yao et al. 10. JIN Meng-gui, LI Jing, JIANG Xiao-wei, HAN Dong-mei, WANG Jia-le, et al. 8. HUANG Shuang-bing, LI Ya-song, et al. 2.3 Some commissions of IAH in China More than ten Commissions of IAH have activity in China. There are many Chinese experts working in those commissions. Commission on Groundwater and Climate Change, CHEN Jian-yao. Commission for the Hydrogeology of Karst, YUAN Dao-xian, JIANG Guang-hui, CAO Jian-hua, ZHANG Cheng, JIANG Yong-jun, HE Shi-yi and LIU Zai-hua, et al. Commission on Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) (Working Group on Artificial Recharge), WANG Wei-ping et al. Commission on Transboundary Aquifer Resource Management (TARM), HAN Zai-sheng. Commission on Regional Groundwater Flow, JIN Meng-gui and JIANG Xiao-wei, et al. Early Career Hydrogeologists Network, WANG Jun-zhi, et al. Commission on the Geology of Mineral and Thermal Waters (CMTW), HAN Zai-sheng. Commission on Groundwater Protection, ZHAO Yun-chang. Commission for Hydrogeological Maps (COHYM), CHEN Meng-xiong and HAN Zai-sheng. Commission on Urban Groundwater, ZHOU Xun. International Symposium on Regional Groundwater Flow: Theory, Applications and Future Development was held successfully in Xi an, China in 22-23 Jun 2013. This symposium was hosted by Regional Groundwater Flow Commission (RGFC) of IAH and China Geological Survey (CGS). The China University of Geosciences (Beijing, Wuhan) IAH China chapter and Xi an Center of China Geological Survey have assisted for organizing. There were 33 invited speakers from 12 countries. The symposium covered different aspects of the theory of regional groundwater flow, including recent advances, study methods, applications and future development. More than 160 delegates attended this Symposium. The 8 th International Symposium on Managed Aquifer Recharge (ISMAR8) by Commission on Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) was held in Beijing, 15-19 October 2013. The conference site is in China National Convention Centre in Beijing where is located next to the Olympic Park. It was 307

Journal Journal of Groundwater of Science Science and and Engineering Vol.5 Vol.5 No.3 No.3 Sept. Jul. 2017 the first time that ISMAR was held in eastern Asia and it provided a good opportunity to gain insights into the water industry, advances in water resources management in China and the wide range of MAR projects and applications worldwide. A total of 85 oral and 37 poster presentations from 20 countries were made over three days of the symposium. Key themes are emerged during the technical sessions. 3 Activities and contributions of IAH in China The IAH contributes to the development and dissemination of information concerning advances in groundwater science and technology. Of particular impact were conferences and publications in which there had been broad participation of persons with differing viewpoints, or experts representing different socioeconomic sectors and interests. The format is varied and active in China. 3.1 Invited speakers concerning given topic in China When dealing with groundwater resources and management, some experts of IAH from different sectors (water administration and water users; public managers and private owners; researchers and protectionists) would sometimes be asked to present opposing points of view. An open discussion would follow, often inspired by written questions from the audience. Dr. Ken Howard as vise President gave a speech and discussion in China University of Geosciences, Beijing in Sept. 2005. His report was about Urban Groundwater of the world. He visited Changan University, Xi an in September 2015 and gave the speech on Understanding Global Geoscience as the Key to Climate Change Mitigation, IAH and the Early Career Hydrogeologist, Sustainable Management of Transboundary Aquifers: With Special Relevance to Central Asia. Dr. P. Dillon Chair of Commission on Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) of IAH visited Jinan University, Shandong Province in 2009 and gave a presentation on Groundwater Artificial Recharge. Dr. Clifford I. Voss who is Executive Editor of Hydrogeology Journal-IAH and Research Hydrologist in U.S. Geological Survey visited China Geological Survey on 21, April 2016. He gave a report for the largest groundwater system managed information and discussed with Chinese experts. He also visited Changan University, Xi an on 14 April, 2016. Stephen Foster gave a wider Asian perspective in the 34 th congress in Beijing 2006. Prof. József Tóth gave speech on Gravitational system of groundwater flow: Theory, evaluation at the International Symposium in Xi an, in June, 2013. 3.2 Published for the IAH It had long been an ambition of the association to produce its own scientific journal to complement the well-established book series, and approval to establish an IAH journal was given by Council at the Guilin congress in 1988. Hydrogeology Journal is an official Journal of the International Association of Hydrogeologists. Heise was also behind the 1992 launch of the journal, Applied Hydrogeology, publishing it four times each year. The journal has continued to flourish under the steady hand of Executive Editor Cliff Voss and his team. The published journal increased to eight issues per year from 2006 and now contains about 130 published articles and 1 800 to 1 900 pages annually. The team prides itself on the broad geographical spread of content and authors, for a steady increase in impact factor to 1.97 in 2014 (Springer 2016). The journal has the changing requirements of IAH members by introducing on-line access to the journal in 2007 and an open access option for authors from 2014. Over the years, Hydrogeology Journal has emerged to become one of the association s great success stories. The Chinese member of the editorial board of the Journal in early stage were FEI Jin, YUAN Dao-xian, JI Chuan-Mao, XUE Yu-qun, HAN Zai-sheng and JIAO Jiu-jiu. Six Chinese members were associate editors of Hydrogeology Journal at present. IAH China Chapter is responsible for the Chinese translation for the abstract. The Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering is an international journal for the natural sciences. As one of three sponsors, China Chapter, International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH-China), takes part in running the

Journal of of Groundwater Science and and Engineering Vol.5 No.3 Sept. Jul. 2017 Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering (ISSN 2305-7068). This Journal is an international journal for research in the natural sciences, launched in 2013, published quarterly in English by Groundwater Science and Engineering Limited, it is also sponsored by the Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology (IHEG) and Commission on Hydrogeology, Geological Society of China (GSC-CH). This Journal attaches more importance to the front-line subjects, up-to-date developments and achievements in groundwater science and engineering research and its related areas. It will promote the exchanges of groundwater research achievements between China and the world and make considerable contributions to the solution of severe groundwater and environment problems. 3.3 Many books of IAH have translation into Chinese There are many books of IAH: Proceedings (memoirs) of IAH congresses, IAH International Contributions to Hydrogeology ( blue book series) and IAH Selected Papers ( green book series). Those books have promoted the groundwater sciences development over the past 60 years. There were a lot of IAH books translated into Chinese. Most of them had influence and promoted groundwater sciences development in China. Such as: Hydrogeology in the service of man, Karst hydrogeology and karst environment protection, Guidebook on mapping groundwater vulnerability, Hydrogeological maps: A guide and standard legenda, Shallow groundwater systems, History of hydrogeology, Management of Aquifer Recharge for Sustainability. Recently, the book Gravitational systems of groundwater flow: theory, evaluation, utilization by József Tóth in 2009 has been translated into Chinese to spread the basics of gravity-driven regional groundwater flow and related phenomena among Chinese hydrogeologists. It was translated by ZHANG Ren-quan, LIANG Xing, JIN Menggui et al. 2015). (Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 210 pages, 2 000 printed copies; first edition, September 2015). 3.4 Awards from IAH To recognize people who had given, and still give, hours of their time over many years, the Council of IAH established the award of Honorary Membership in 1982 and the Presidents Award in 1995. The former is intended to reflect sustained commitments to the work of the association and the latter is given for a combination of contribution to the science of hydrogeology and to the work of IAH. The first awards recognised many of those who had contributed most substantially to the early years of the growth of IAH. A new Applied Hydrogeology Award of IAH will be presented to groundwater professionals who have made an outstanding contribution to the application of hydrogeology in 2016. There are three awards from IAH: Yuan Dao-xian, Presidents Award of IAH is given in 1996 in 30 th IGC, Beijing China. ZHANG Hongren, Honorary membership of IAH elected in 2006 in 43 th IAH Congress, Beijing, China. WANG Jia-le, Awardees of the Best Research Paper on Regional Groundwater Flow by RGFC and EGU of IAH in 2015, IAH Congress Rome, Italy. 4 Conclusions (1) With the history over the past 60 years, IAH has developed into a strong international groundwater association with a broad membership base, a well-regarded journal, established books series and a full programme of scientific meetings and well-attended congresses. (2) Since 1985, International Association of Hydrogeologists and its national Chapter have developed in CHINA. Two IAH congresses have been held in China. Chinese delegates have attended the IAH Congress at home and abroad. Many Chinese scientists participated in some Commissions of IAH. (3) The association activities and contributions in China include its publication, concerning groundwater sciences. References Chery L, de Marsily G. 2007. Aquifer systems management: Darcy s legacy in a world of impending water shortage. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Chilton J, Howard K. 2016. Editors Message: IAH 309

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