IGF Geneva 2016 MPF-SDG Comparative Analysis Perrine Toledano CCSI, Head: Extractive Industries
SDG and MPF: Can they connect? The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) form the post-2015 global development agenda and represent the international consensus on development priorities. The 17 SDGs cover all aspects of life and apply to all countries. It puts the onus on both the public and private sectors. The Mining Policy Framework (MPF) for sustainable development - developed in 2013 by IGF country members Compendium of best practices in the form of policy recommendations for exercising good governance of the mining sector and promoting the generation and equitable sharing of benefits in a manner that will contribute to sustainable development. Why is it desirable to align?
Mapping the SDG against the MPF pillars Mining Policy Framework MPF SDG Commonalities MPF Gaps MPF Strengths MPF 1 MPF 2 Legal and Policy Environment Financial Benefit Optimization MPF 3 Socio-economic Benefit Optimization MPF 4 Environmental Management MPF 5 Post-Mining Transition MPF 6 Artisanal and Smallscale Mining (ASM)
Glimpse into the report II. Financial Benefits Optimization Sustainable Development Goals relevant for this thematic area: Commonalities: Returns (taxes and royalties) from the mining sector can contribute to poverty reduction (SDG1.1, SDG1.2) Align fiscal instruments with national objectives can also support poverty alleviation policies (SDG1.1, SDG1.2) Use a portion of the mining revenues to support/participate in community health (SDG3.12), education (SDG4.8), economic and other development programs (SDG1.6) Address the need for high level of human and intellectual resources, particularly to administer and audit the country s tax system to promote knowledge and skills for sustainable development (SDG4.7) Strengthen domestic resource mobilization and capacity for tax and revenue collection (SDG17.1) by integrate mining with other sectors to optimize contributions Provide open and transparent revenue system and build up capacity of relevant authorities to monitor and audit the sector (SDG17.18) MPF gaps: Create sound policy based on (inclusive) development strategies (aligned mine socio-economic development programs) (SDG1.7) Women s effective participation, equal rights to economic opportunity, access to ownership and control over land, financial services, natural resources (SDG5.5, SDG5.7, SDG5.9) Sustainable infrastructure with access for all (SDG9.1) (shared-use with mine development) Empower and promote social, economic, and political inclusion (vulnerable and marginalized) (SDG10.1, SDG10.2) Ensure participatory decision making (SDG16.7) Reduce corruption and bribery (SDG16.5) Reduce illicit financial and arms flows (SDG16.4) Strengthen domestic resource mobilization (SDG17.1) via improved tax and revenue collection (and transparent management)
Glimpse into the report Potential contributions 1 of the Financial Benefits Optimization theme to the achievement of the SDGs:
Individual Strengths and Commonalities Mining Policy Framework MPF SDG Commonalities MPF Gaps MPF Strengths MPF 1 - Enhanced access to economic resources through access to geological information - Promotion of productive activities and job creation through the requirement of socioeconomic programs - Participatory decision making through consulting with communities and stakeholders throughout the permitting process - Reduce exposure to economic, social and environmental shocks (livelihoods and resettlement) - End child labor and ensure women s full participation and opportunity - Promote productive activities and job creation, entrepreneurship and innovation (enhanced local content) A permitting process that includes consultation with communities and the requirement for an integrated environmental, social and economic assessment. MPF 2 - Mining revenues contribute to the mobilization of domestic resources - Use of a portion of the revenues for social investments (health, education) - Open and transparent revenue system integrated with other sectors - Create sound policy based on (inclusive) development strategies (aligned mine socioeconomic development programs) - Reduce corruption and bribery and prevent illicit financial flows - Strengthen domestic resource mobilization via improved tax and revenue collection (and transparent management) Fiscal instruments and negotiations of mineral licenses agreements aligned with national policy objectives. - Sustainable infrastructure with access for all (shared-use with mine development) MPF 3 - Requirements for local employment and local/regional provision of goods and services - Contribution to health services for communities - Putting in place and upgrading educational facilities - Ensure corporate responsibility for occupational health and safety - Leverage mining infrastructure for nonmining activities - Use of tools in the socio-economic plans and not issuing permits in areas of active conflict to reduce violence - Secure and equal access to land, and productive resources and inputs and ensure sustainable food production (livelihoods and land take) - Empowerment of women and girls at all levels - End abuse, exploitation, and violence (security/conflict and human rights risks in sensitive areas) - Ensure universal access (of local communities) to safe drinking water - Prioritize poorest groups and promote economic, social, and political inclusion - Develop accountable and transparent institutions (accessible complaint/grievance mechanisms) Socio-economic plans are required as part of the permitting process. A solid land tenure legal framework is a prerequisite for the MPF.
Mining Policy Framework MPF 4 MPF SDG Commonalities MPF Gaps MPF Strengths - Effluent discharge guidelines and water management standards implemented and monitored - Environmental management plans prior to permit approval - Minimize risks of waste facilities - Emergency preparedness plans developed in consultation with stakeholders - Identify risks to biodiversity - Resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters (climate change considerations) - Ensure sustainable food production (monitor soil and water quality) - Ensure restoration and sustainable use of ecosystems and their services - Increase water-use and energy efficiency Requirement for application of groundwater and surface water standards and development of emergency preparedness programs prior to operations. MPF 5 - Engage stakeholders closure objectives and plans - Reduce adverse effects of mine wastes by encouraging reprocessing of wastes in abandoned mines - Put in place frameworks to encourage progressive rehabilitation and to manage the post-mining transition sustainably - Increase financial resources to conserve biodiversity and ecosystems (rehabilitation costs) - Restore degraded forests and land (abandoned mines) - Improve water quality and ensure sustainable food production (restoration and post-closure monitoring) Requirement for closure plans as part of permitting process and updating of these plans as required during the lifetime of the mining operation. - Increase participatory planning (abandoned mines) MPF 6 - Enhanced access to economic resources and increased revenues through ASM formalization - Strengthen the role and security of women - Development of management practices for wastes and chemicals - Regulations to safeguard water resources and reduce deforestation - Encourage conflict-free standards and certifications - Restore degraded forests and land - Ensure sustainable food production and safe drinking water (surrounding communities) - Inclusive and participatory decision making (ASM formalization plans and settlement) - Inclusion and income growth of the most vulnerable groups (e.g., women, migrant workers) Integration of ASM through legal and economic formalization.
MPF gaps relative to the SDGs Women (SDG 5) MPF 1, 3 Revenue management (SDG 1) MPF 2 Infrastructure (SDG 6,7, 9) MPF 3 (but also MPF 1 and 2) Climate change (SDG 13) ; energy and water efficiency (SDG 6,, 7, 12) MPF 2, 4 Local content (SDG 8) MPF 1 or 3 Standards should be clarified and could be made binding (SDG 1, 10, 12, 16) MPF 1
ANNEX : Report Tables
Glimpse into the report MPF1 I. Legal and Policy Environment Sustainable Development Goals relevant for this thematic area: Commonalities: Access to geological information and equal access to the permitting process could facilitate the access of individuals to economic resources (SDG1.4) The requirement, as part of the permitting process, to identify and quantify opportunities and propose programs that lead to the creation of sustainable benefits directly contributes to promoting productive activities and creation and jobs (SDG8.3) Consulting with communities and other stakeholders throughout the permitting process contributes to participatory and representative decision making (SDG16.7) MPF gaps: Adopt the international standards and reduce exposure to economic, social and environmental shocks (livelihoods and resettlement) (SDG1.5) End child labor (SDG8.7), ensure women s full participation and opportunity (SDG5.5), and ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory decision making (community) (SDG16.7) Sustainable, resilient agriculture and progressively improve land and soil quality (agriculture, land-based livelihood impacts) (SDG2.4), socio-economic inequality (SDG10.3), and integrate climate change measures into policies, planning (SDG13.2) Education for sustainable development, sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality (SDG4.7) Promote productive activities and job creation, entrepreneurship, innovation (SDG8.3) (strengthened local content) Ensure people have relevant information and awareness (resources to assess impact/monitoring reports SDG12.8) Ensure public access to information (SDG16.8)
Glimpse into the report - MPF1 Potential contributions 1 of the Legal and Policy Environment theme to the achievement of the SDGs:
Glimpse into the report MPF2 II. Financial Benefits Optimization Sustainable Development Goals relevant for this thematic area: Commonalities: Returns (taxes and royalties) from the mining sector can contribute to poverty reduction (SDG1.1, SDG1.2) Align fiscal instruments with national objectives can also support poverty alleviation policies (SDG1.1, SDG1.2) Use a portion of the mining revenues to support/participate in community health (SDG3.12), education (SDG4.8), economic and other development programs (SDG1.6) Address the need for high level of human and intellectual resources, particularly to administer and audit the country s tax system to promote knowledge and skills for sustainable development (SDG4.7) Strengthen domestic resource mobilization and capacity for tax and revenue collection (SDG17.1) by integrate mining with other sectors to optimize contributions Provide open and transparent revenue system and build up capacity of relevant authorities to monitor and audit the sector (SDG17.18) MPF gaps: Create sound policy based on (inclusive) development strategies (aligned mine socio-economic development programs) (SDG1.7) Women s effective participation, equal rights to economic opportunity, access to ownership and control over land, financial services, natural resources (SDG5.5, SDG5.7, SDG5.9) Sustainable infrastructure with access for all (SDG9.1) (shared-use with mine development) Empower and promote social, economic, and political inclusion (vulnerable and marginalized) (SDG10.1, SDG10.2) Ensure participatory decision making (SDG16.7) Reduce corruption and bribery (SDG16.5) Reduce illicit financial and arms flows (SDG16.4) Strengthen domestic resource mobilization (SDG17.1) via improved tax and revenue collection (and transparent management)
Glimpse into the report MPF2 Potential contributions 1 of the Financial Benefits Optimization theme to the achievement of the SDGs:
Glimpse into the report MPF3 III. Socio-Economic Benefits Optimization Sustainable Development Goals relevant for this thematic area: Commonalities: Requirements for local employment and local/regional provision of goods and services as part of the socio-economic plans can contribute to poverty alleviation (SDG1.1, SDG1.2) Contribution to health services for communities expands the health coverage (SDG3.8) Putting in place and upgrading educational facilities can enhance both access (SDG4.3) to and infrastructure (SDG4.8) for educational services Occupational training increases the skills of youth and adults (SDG4.4) Including the promotion of local, regional and national supply of goods and services in the socio-economic plan of mining projects supports the creation of productive activities and jobs (SDG8.3) Ensure corporate responsibility for occupational health and safety promotes safe working conditions (SDG8.8) Leverage mining infrastructure for non-mining activities can contribute to developing sustainable infrastructure (SDG9.1) Use of tools in the socio-economic plans and not issuing permits in areas of active conflict to reduce violence (SDG16.1, SDG 16.2) MPF gaps: Double agricultural productivity of small scale farms via secure and equal access to land, and productive resources and inputs(sdg2.2) and ensure sustainable food production and progressively improve land and soil quality(sdg2.4) (livelihoods and land take) End communicable diseases (SDG3.3) and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and pollution (SDG3.9) Adopt policies and enforceable legislation for the empowerment of women and girls at all levels (SDG5.9) Ensure universal access (of local communities) to safe drinking water (SDG6.1) Ensure access to energy (SDG7.1) and sustainable infrastructure (SDG9.1) (shared-use with mining) Prioritize poorest groups and promote economic, social, and political inclusion (SDG10.1, 10.2) Safeguard cultural and natural heritage (SDG11.4) Promote sustainable procurement practices (SDG12.7) Avoid impacts on marine-based livelihoods (SDG14.7) End abuse, exploitation, and violence (security/conflict and human rights risks in sensitive areas for permitting) (SDG16.1, SDG16.2) Develop accountable and transparent institutions and ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory decision making (accessible complaint/grievance mechanisms) (SDG16.6, 16.7) Eradicate forced labour, human trafficking, child labour and protect labour rights (women, migrants) (SDG 8.7, 8.8) Promote the diffusion of environmentally sound technologies (SDG17.7)
Glimpse into the report MPF3 Potential contributions 1 of the Socio-Economic Benefits Optimization theme to the achievement of the SDGs:
Glimpse into the report MPF4 IV. Environmental Management Sustainable Development Goals relevant for this thematic area: Commonalities: Contribute to improving water quality (SDG6.3) by ensuring compliance with effluents (including those from tailings and waste facilities) and water management standards (SDG12.4) Strengthen efforts to protect natural heritage by requiring environmental management plans prior to permit approval (SDG11.4) Reduce the adverse effects of waste facilities (SDG11.6) by designing and operating them to minimize environmental impacts throughout the project cycle Contribute to reducing the degradation of natural habitats (SDG15.5) and incorporate ecosystem and biodiversity values (SDG15.9) by Identify, monitor and address risks to biodiversity throughout the mining cycle Ensure inclusive and participatory decision making (SDG16.7) by basing all elements of the emergency preparedness program on ongoing consultation with stakeholders MPF gaps: Ensure sustainable food production (SDG2.4) (monitor potential offsite impacts to water and soil quality) Increase water-use efficiency and sustainable withdrawals (SDG6.4), improve water quality (SDG6.3) and implement integrated water resources management at all levels (SDG6.5) Double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency (SDG7.3) and increase substantially the share of renewable energy (SDG7.2) Significantly reduce the release of chemicals and wastes to air, soil and water (SDG11.5) (include waste facilities and tailings in emergency preparedness programs) Substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse (SDG12.5) Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters (SDG13.1) and promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate changerelated planning (SDG13.5). Improve human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation (SDG13.3) Reduce marine pollution of all kinds (SDG14.1) and sustainably manage marine and coastal areas (SDG14.2) (marine mining) Ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands (SDG15.1, SDG15.2).
Glimpse into the report MPF4 Potential contributions 1 of the Environmental Management theme to the achievement of the SDGs:
Glimpse into the report MPF5 V. Post-Mining Transition Sustainable Development Goals relevant for this thematic area: Commonalities: Contribute to poverty reduction (SDG1.1, SDG1.2) by encouraging the re-activation of abandoned mines to create economic activity Engage stakeholders in the development of closure objectives and plans to promote inclusive planning (SDG11.3) Reduce adverse effects of mine wastes (SDG11.6) by encouraging reprocessing of wastes in abandoned mines To contribute to the restoration of degraded land (SDG15.3), put in place frameworks to encourage progressive rehabilitation and to manage the postmining transition sustainably MPF gaps: Ensure sustainable food production (SDG2.4) (restore agricultural land and post-closure monitoring) Improve water quality by reducing pollution (SDG6.3) (post-closure monitoring programs) Increase participatory planning (SDG11.3) and provide green public spaces (SDG11.7) (restoration of abandoned mines) Increase financial resources to conserve biodiversity and ecosystems (SDG15.10) (restoration plan costing) Restore degraded forests and land (SDG15.3) (abandoned mines and post-closure monitoring programs)
Glimpse into the report MPF5 Potential contributions 1 of the Post-Mining Transition theme to the achievement of the SDGs:
Glimpse into the report MPF6 VI. Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) Sustainable Development Goals relevant for this thematic area: Commonalities: Enhanced access to economic resources and increased revenues through ASM formalization (SDG1.1, SDG1.2, SDG1.4) Establishing standards for ASM workers and their families to increase access to health services (SDG3.8) Promote the creation of decent jobs (SDG8.3) through ASM formalization National education programs for ASM communities support access to education (SDG4.1, SDG4.3, SDG4.4) Strengthen the role and security of women in ASM to eliminate violence and ensure participation in the economy (SDG5.2, SDG5.5) Contribute to end child labor (SDG8.7) by significantly reduce children employed in ASM Achieve sound management of chemicals and wastes (SDG12.4) through the development of management practices Contribute to conservation of freshwater and forest ecosystems (SDG15.1) by providing regulations to safeguard water resources and reduce deforestation Contribute to reducing violence (SDG16.1), in particular to children (SDG16.2), by encouraging standards and certification schemes that promote conflict-free minerals MPF gaps: Ensure sustainable food production and progressively improve land and soil quality (SDG2.4) (livelihoods and land take) Ensure universal access (of local communities) to safe drinking water (SDG6.1) Inclusion (SDG10.2) and income growth (SDG10.1, SDG10.2) of the most vulnerable groups (e.g., women, migrant workers) Promote inclusive and participatory planning for human settlements (SDG11.3) Restore (ASM) degraded forests and land (SDG15.3,2) Inclusive and participatory decision making (including communities views in ASM formalization plans) at all levels (SDG16.7)
Glimpse into the report MPF6 Potential contributions 1 of the ASM theme to the achievement of the SDGs: