Water framework directive Implementation in Schleswig-Holstein Michael Trepel
Vision of Water Framework Directive General principal is a natural water status - Common legal frame - European wide comparable objectives - European wide comparable classification criteria - European wide comparable monitoring methods - Participation of the public Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 2
WFD Objectives Natural Surface water bodies Heavily modified & artificial surface water bodies Groundwater Good ecological status Good chemical status Good ecological potential Good chemical status God quantitative status Good chemical status No further deterioration of water bodies Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 3
DPSIR water management approach of Water framework directive Driver (Industry, agriculture, etc.) Programme of measures Response (basic & additional measures) Pressure (matter inputs, hydromorphological changes, etc.) Impact (Eutrophication, humification, etc.) State (high, good, moderate, etc.) Monitoringprogramme Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 4
Public participation in Schleswig-Holstein
Working areas for water framework directive RBD Schlei/Trave RBD Eider 33 working areas RBD Elbe Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 6
Working group members der Arbeitsgruppen Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 7
Water bodies Status in Schleswig-Holstein
Status and Potential of surface water bodies caused by pressures from diffuse nutrient input and hydromorphological changes high good moderate poor bad status Stand: 11. 2014 good moderate poor Potential Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 9
Status and Potential of lakes Pressures from Phosphorus inputs from agriculture and (partly) waste water emissions. Stand: 11. 2014 Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 10
Ground water status Pressures from nitrogen input from agriculture. Assessment green = good red = not good Stand: 11. 2014 Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 11
Significant water body pressures Significant pressures Water categorie Hydromorphological changes Diffuse Nitrogen input Diffuse Phosphorus input Point sources from public waste water treatment Point sources from industrial waste water treatment Inputs from other sources (priority substances (PSM) rivers Lakes Coastal waters Groundwater Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 12
Measure planing in Schleswig-Holstein
Develop valuable water bodies! Priority water bodies are the pearls of our water network. Good status of all components Good status of one component Connection water bodies Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 14 1
Key measures in the 2. program of measures Conserve and develop priority water bodies Improve hydromorphology Buffer strips Optimization of river maintenance In-Stream Measures Improving of longitudinal connectivity Reduction of diffuse nutrient inputs Reduction of pesticide inputs (Partly) Reduction of emissions from point sources Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 15 1
Optimization of river maintenance Pilot measures with special monitoring Training of Water Board members Training of truck drivers Technical Work description Contract with water boards on river maintenance Certification of contractors Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 16
Optimization of river maintenance Makrophytes Invertebrates Positve change 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% eveness richness ecological status Species number 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Treene Eider Müba Au Linau Beste 2010 2011 2012 Hydromorphology Plant communities Depth variation increased Substrate variation increased Develop in the direction of natural plant communities Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 17
Optimization of river maintenance is accepted by water boards Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 18
In-Stream measures improve hydromorphology on small scale Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 19
In-Stream measures improve hydromorphology on small scale Improvements are measurable after3 years in all water bodies, rate of improvement depends on restoration potential. Measures need time, to be effective. Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 20
Restoring longitudinal connectivity reconnects habitats Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 21
Restoring longitudinal connectivity reconnects habitats Measures are implemented mainly in river systems with favorable spawning grounds. Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 22
Buffer strips are implemented step-wise Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 23
Voluntary Buffer strips are set up together Goal of Allianz for water protection is, to establish until summer 2017 the half of our priority water bodies with permanent, 10 m wide buffer strips - Total length open water ~ 24.000 km - Reduced river network ~ 6.261 km - Length priority water bodies ~ 1.200 km Permanent, > 10 m wide buffer strips - Priority water bodies ~ 830 km / > 35 % Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 24
Effect of buffer strips je naturnäher, desto besser Lietz & Brunke 2015 Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 25
Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 26
Key measure Reduction of nutrient inputs
Excess of nutrient availability reduces ecological functions of aquatic ecosystems Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 28
Excess of nutrient availability reduces ecological functions of aquatic ecosystems van Beusekom et al. 2009 Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 29
Target concentration for Groundwater: 50 mg L -1 Nitrate Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 30
Nitrate in Groundwater bodies Chemical status good bad Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 31
Target concentrations for surface waters at the good / moderate boundary Rivers Lakes Coastal and Transitional Waters Baltic Sea North Sea NO 3 -N 0,04-0,11* 0,14-0,21* NH 4 -N 0,1-0,3 Total N 0,17-0,28 0,25-0,5 DIN 0,04-0,17* 0,2-0,4* PO 4 -P 0,05-0,2 0,006-0,014* 0,006-0,012* Total P 0,1-0,3 0,01-0,09 0,016-0,028 0,016-0,035 All values in mg L -1 / : summer / * winter / DIN: Dissolved inorganic nitrogen LAWA 2014 / 11 Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 32
Total Phosphorus in rivers exceedance of target concentrations Reduction needed in > 70 % of all water bodies LLUR 2014 Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 33
Total Nitrogen in coastal water bodies exceedance of target concentrations Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 34
Reaching WFD-goals in coastal waters requires reduction of land based nutrient inputs Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 35
Transfer of marine target to inland areas Mean TN concentration at limnic marine boundary North Sea Baltic Sea 2.8 mg L -1 2.6 mg L -1 Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 36
Required Nitrogen Load Reduction for River Basin Districts in Germany t TN a -1 Reduction Target Load 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 Eider Elbe Weser Ems Rhein Schlei / Trave Warnow / Peene Target has to be internationally defined Oder : based on mean TN load from 2008-2012 Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 37
Required N- and P-Load Reduction in Basins from Schleswig-Holstein 75% Eider Elbe SH Schlei Trave Stickstoff Phosphor 50% 25% 0% -25% Targets reached / no further reduction required Arlau Bongsieler Kanal Treene Eider Miele Bille Mühlenau Pinnau Krückau Stör Lippingau Langballigau Füsinger Au Koseler Au Schwentine Kossau Hagener Au Oldenburger Graben Goddersdorfer Au Trave Schwartau Aalbek : Basis mean annual TN and TP concentrations from 2009-2013 Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 38
Why are our groundwater and coastal water bodies in so bad conditions? Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 39
Nitrogen surplus exceeds 60 kg N ha -1 a -1 in Germany Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 40
Nitrogen surplus exceeds 60 kg N ha -1 a -1 in Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 41
Modelled Nitrogen leaching from Soils in Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 42
N- and P-inflow pathways in Schleswig-Holstein 100% Surface flow 80% Erosion Interflow 60% Groundwater Drainage 40% Atmospheric Deposition Kanalisation 20% Small waste water plants Industry 0% Nitrogen Phosphorus Waste Water Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 43
Required N-Reduction leaching from Soils in Schleswig-Holstein Required Nitrogen reduction of agicultural areas with needed reduction needed: ~ 54 kg N ha -1 a -1 Total: ~ 27500 t/a (~ 45% of N-leaching from soils) Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 44
We are in a bad situation! Which measures are planed? Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 45
Keeping the balance between voluntary and mandatory measures! Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 46
Mandatory measures in Germany - Fertilization Ordinance (Implementation of Nitrate directive) - Documentation of fertilization planning and Maximum Farm Surpluses are becoming mandatory - Fermentation residues must be included in nitrogen surplus - Banned periods for manure application will be extended - Fertilization Ordinance is under review - Draft version from 14. August available - Next steps - Agreement on final version between agricultural and environmental ministries on national level - Hearing Federal States and NGO s on final version - National agreement on final version - Getting final version accepted by European Community Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 47
Fertilization Ordinance expected changes - Fertilization planning will be mandatory - Required nitrogen value depends on crops and site quality - Winter wheat A / B 80 dt / ha 230 N ha/a - Winter wheat C 80 dt / ha 210 N ha/a - Winter wheat E 80 dt / ha 260 N ha/a - If production differs, required N amount must be adapted - If 10 dt / ha higher plus 10 kg N ha / a - If 10 dt / ha lower minus 15 kg N ha / a - Productivity must be documented (on 3 year basis) - Nitrogen surplus must be correctly calculated for last 3 years Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 48
Fertilization Ordinance expected changes on nitrogen loads If regulations of new fertilization ordinance will be followed Nitrogen loads will be reduced by 10 15 % Not enough for reaching environmental goals for water framework directive Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 49
Voluntary measures - Advisory service - Offered in most Federal States in areas with threatened groundwater bodies - Extended to lake catchments - Agri-environmental measures - e.g. catch crops, reduced N-surplus, ecological farming, buffer strips, fertilizer management, etc. Well accepted by farmers Accepted by farmers but limited by co-founding from Federal States - River and wetland restoration - Synergies with nature conservation, flood directive, climate convention Increasing acceptance but limited by closed land market Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 50
Cooperation is a key factor for success - Alliance for water protection - Between environmental ministry and Farmer association - Agreed on common view on nutrient problems - Working groups developed solutions - Optimized Animal feeding - Better manure management - Guidelines for manure spreading technique - Guidelines for manure storage in rural areas - Buffer strips Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 51
Future measure are needed under discussion - Fertilization planning data should be reported to agencies - Nitrogen surplus should be lowered to 50 or 40 kg N ha / a - Control of mineral fertilizer consumption on state level - Improvement of nutrient retention an landscape level - Drainage ponds - Controlled drainage - Filter systems - Wetland restoration - Economic measures - Fee on nitrogen surplus - Fee on mineral fertilizers - Fee on herbicides and pesticides under discussion Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 52
Summary Nutrient target concentrations are exceeded in many groundwater bodies and surface water bodies. Nitrogen leaching to groundwater bodies and coastal water bodies must be reduced in many area be 30 50 %. A good fertilization planning which uses organic fertilizers correctly will reduce nitrogen leaching rates significantly. Next to a mandatory measures we need voluntary measures for improving best practice and nutrient retention in the landscape. Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 53
Thank you Schleswig-Holstein. Der echte Norden. 54