Development of Biomaterials & Devices from Renewable Resources Prof. Dr. Marie-Pierre Laborie Dr. ir. Pieter Samyn Institute for Forest Utilization and Works Science Werthmannstrasse 6 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany Contact: Marie-Pierre.Laborie@fobawi.uni-freiburg.de Pieter.Samyn@fobawi.uni-freiburg.de
Some Examples... Valorization of (woody) biomass into novel biocomposites and products for building, transportation, biomedicals, packaging, membranes, Cellulose whiskers in thermosetting phenolic structural adhesives 1 CNW MFC Ecological alternative coatings and barrier materials for textiles and packaging 3 Crosslinked chitosan / chitin nanocrystal membranes 4 Polycaprolactone Nanocomposites 2 1 H. Liu, M.P. Laborie, Soc Wood Science and Technology, Geneva (2010). 2 G. Siquiera, C. Frachini, J. Bras, A. Dufresne, M.P. Laborie, ACS Spring Meeting,San Francisco (2010). 3 P. Samyn, G. Schoukens, D. Stanssens, L. Vonck, H. Van den Abbeele, Prog. Org. Coat 69 (2010), 442. 4 A.P. Mathew, M.P. Laborie, K. Oksman, Biomacromolecules 10 (2009), 1627. 06.12.2010 2
10 µm 1.3 mm Lignin Hemicellulose Fundamental understanding of cell wall Research Vision Cellulose Extraction products Water Cellulose Microfibrils Exploitation of nano scale polymeric wood constituents TOP DOWN SHAPE ENGINEERING Hemicellulose platelets Cellulose Whiskers Lignin Nanospheres CHEMICAL SURFACE MODIFICATION Physico chemical interface control Nanoscale adhesion control Nanoscale hydrophobization & functionalization S T A B I L I T Y A D H E S I O N W E T T A B I L I T Y WP 4 SUSTAINABILITY Progress in nanotech manipulation Tailoring biomass to fully bio-based functional materials BIOPOLYMER MATRIX FUNCTIONAL BIOPOLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE ACTIVE FUNCTIONAL DEVICES S E N S I N G C O L O R I N G R E L E A S I N G Structureproperty relationships C O N D U C T I N G 2D Electrospinning 2D Nano object positioning S E L F C L E A N I N G 06.12.2010 3
Fundamental understanding of the cell-wall Modelling the relaxation behaviour of wood: - Polymer physics models such as the cooperativity model work on wood - No detectable difference in cooperativity for yellow-poplar and spruce - Orientation has an impact on lignin Tg and intermolecular cooperativity: orientation of lignin due to intimacy with cellulose microfibrils? - Hot pressing wood influences the segmental relaxation of lignin - Impregnation of phenolics in wood enhances cooperativity: IPN formation What is next: τ (T) 1 n 1 1 n ω τ (T) n c 0 What s next: - Correlate lignin structure and chemistry to its performance in the cell wall - Biomechanics: understand the basis for performance in the cell wall - Use Tg and cooperativity as tool to study wood variability - Apply such models to hemicelluloses? - Understand the impact of various treatments on the woody cell wall Frequency Temperature 06.12.2010 Laborie & al. 2005, Holzforschung Laborie 2005, in Characterization of the Cellulosic Cell Wall 4
Top-down shape engineering - Novel green-chemistry procedures for extraction of nano-scale components from lignocellulosic biomass - Link between forestry and biomass attributes - Upgrading of pulp fiber rejects into nano-scale components - Upgrading of by-products from pulping process (lignin, hemicellulose) - Control of the morphology, dispersibility, stability depending on source and processing Pulp fiber rejects Black liquor Lignin nanospheres Chemical dissolution Mechanical Shear + Microfibrillated cellulose x - Xylan platelets Ionic liquids Homogenizer Cellulose nanowhiskers 06.12.2010 5
Chemical surface modification - Control of dispersability - Interfacial compatibility in biopolymer composites - Green surface modification in aqueous or solvent-free media Plasma-surface modification and polymerization In-situ dry formation of (surface-active or responsive) micro- to nanostructured surfaces and composites. Adhesive control Control of interactions near the functional hydroxyl groups at micro- to nanoscale level. Hydrophobicity control & Functionalization Tailoring dispersibility, wettability and surface functionalities of constituents by hybrid nanoparticles replacing surfactants and acting as release mechanisms. 06.12.2010 6
Functional biocomposites and devices Link local molecular processes and dynamics to macroscopic properties of biocomposites: - Crystallization and cure kinetics modeling: effects surface chemistry, confinement - Rheological modeling - Molecular dynamics with relaxation studies, fragility, physical aging etc - Reinforcing and functional properties New processing / manufacturing methods of cellulosic materials and devices - Bottom-up assembly in 3D devices comprising nanocellulose and other nano-objects - Ink jet and printing technologies for the design of cellulose nanowhisker devices - Electrospinning of cellulose with other biopolymers - Integrated production of BC with active compounds: Can a cross-linked network of BC and fibrin provide elasticity and stiffness for blood vessels? Gluteraldehyde treated BC and BC/Fibrin composite have tensile & creep properties that best mimic those of native blood vessels (E = 100-150 GPa) 06.12.2010 7
Instrumentation and equipment to develop... Preparation of wood-based nanoscale objects - Refiner, reactors, high pressure homogeneizer Processing equipment - Electrospinning - Mini extruder, mini injection molder - Hot press Analytical characterization - DMA, DSC, TGA, Rheometer - FTIR, AFM Thank you! 06.12.2010 8