Proposal to update the specific workplan on coral bleaching (appendix 1 of annex I to decision VII/5) Priority Actions to Achieve Aichi Biodiversity Target 10 for Coral Reefs and Closely Associated Ecosystems adopted by COP 12 Jihyun Lee, CBD Secretariat (Technical support provided by Dr. Simon Harding) Staghorn coral in seagrass. Photo: Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary/NOAA.
October 2010: COP 10 Nagoya Biodiversity Summit
Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 Framework for all Conventions and stakeholders. Vision: Living in harmony with nature. By 2050, biodiversity is valued, conserved, restored and wisely used, maintaining ecosystem services, sustaining a healthy planet and delivering benefits essential for all people. Mission Take effective and urgent action to halt the loss of biodiversity in order to ensure that by 2020 ecosystems are resilient and continue to provide essential services, thereby securing the planet s variety of life, and contributing to human well-being, and poverty eradication 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets Implementation mechanisms
Aichi Nagoya Targets Strategic goal A. Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss Target 1: By 2020, People are aware of the values of biodiversity and the steps they can take to conserve and use it sustainably. Target 2: By 2020, biodiversity values are integrated into national and local development and poverty reduction strategies and planning processes and national accounts Target 3: By 2020, incentives, including subsidies, harmful to biodiversity are eliminated, phased out or reformed. Target 4: By 2020, Governments, business and stakeholders have plans for sustainable production and consumption and keep the impacts resource use within safe ecological limits. Strategic goal B. Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use Target 5: By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats, including forests, is at least halved and where feasible brought close to zero, and degradation and fragmentation is significantly reduced. Target 6: By 2020 all stocks managed and harvested sustainably, so that overfishing is avoided. Target 7: By 2020 areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity. Target 8: By 2020, pollution, including from excess nutrients, has been brought to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity. Target 9: By 2020, invasive alien species and pathways are identified and prioritized, priority species are controlled or eradicated, and measures are in place to manage pathways to prevent their introduction and establishment. Target 10: By 2015, the multiple anthropogenic pressures on coral reefs, and other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification are minimized, so as to maintain their integrity and functioning. Strategic goal C: To improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity Target 11: By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water, and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas are conserved through systems of protected areas... Target 12: By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained. Target 13: By 2020, the genetic diversity of cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and of wild relatives is maintained, Strategic goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services Target 14: By 2020, ecosystems that provide essential services, including services are restored and safeguarded, Target 15: By 2020, ecosystem resilience and the contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks has been enhanced, through conservation and restoration, including restoration of at least 15 per cent of degraded ecosystems, Target 16: By 2015, the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefits Sharing is in force and operational Strategic goal E. Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge management and capacity building Target 17: By 2015 each Party has developed, adopted as a policy instrument, and has commenced implementing an effective, participatory and updated NBSAP. Target 18: By 2020, the traditional knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities and their customary use, are respected. Target 19: By 2020, knowledge, the science base and technologies relating to biodiversity, its values, functioning, status and trends, and the consequences of its loss, are improved, widely shared and transferred, and applied. Target 20: By 2020, the mobilization of financial resources for effectively implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 from all sources,, should increase substantially. Target 10: By 2015, the multiple anthropogenic pressures on coral reefs, and other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification are minimized, so as to maintain their integrity and functioning.
COP 12: Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea, 6-17 October 2014 Marine and Coastal Biodiversity: Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs) Priority Action Plan for Target 10 on Coral Reefs and Associated Ecosystems Updated Synthesis on the Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Biodiversity Guidance on addressing impacts of underwater noise on marine biodiversity Marine spatial planning and the training initiative (Sustainable Ocean Initiative)
Biodiversity for Sustainable Development Highest level of biodiversity 850 million people (12 % of world population) are dependent Coral Reefs and Associated Ecosystems (e.g mangroves and seagrass beds)
Ocean Warming Ocean Acidification Tropical Storms Rising Sea levels Disease Sedimentation Uncontrolled coastal development Nutrients/Pollution Destructive fishing practices Overfishing Most Stressed,,,, Extremely Vulnerable,,,, Source : Flower K.R., et al (2013)
Ocean Warming Ocean Acidification Tropical Storms Rising Sea levels Disease Sedimentation Uncontrolled coastal development Nutrients/Pollution Destructive fishing practices Overfishing Specific work plan on coral bleaching adopted in 2004 (Decision VII/5) as Appendix 1 of Annex 1 (the elaborated programme of work on marine and coastal biological diversity, 2004-2010) Aichi Target 10 (decision X/2, 2010): By 2015, the multiple anthropogenic pressures on coral reefs, and other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification are minimized, so as to maintain their integrity and functioning.
Photo credit: NOAA Decision XI/18 A, para 11, 13: COP requested the Executive Secretary to develop proposals to update the specific work plan on coral bleaching, addressing following needs: vulnerability of corals to multiple stressors Plan proactively applying ecosystem-based adaptation measures Manage coral reefs as socioecological systems Formulate adaptation strategies that aim to enhance the resilience of ecosystems
Photo credit: NOAA Inputs to drafting Priority Actions for Target 10 Initial compilation from national reports (UNEP/CBD/SBSTTA/16/INF/11) Submissions from Parties, other Governments, and ICRI, UNEP, and other relevant organizations Compilation of scientific studies (UNEP/CBD/SBSTTA/18/INF/7/Rev.1) Global framework of actions and studies: ICRI Framework for Action (ICRI, 2013) GLOBE Action Plan for Coral Reefs (2010) Reefs at Risk Revisited (Burke et al., 2011)
Photo credit: NOAA Focus of Priority Actions for Target 10 on corals and associated ecosystems (annex to COP 12 decision on marine biodiversity-other matters) Consolidate and further strengthen current efforts at local, national, regional and global levels to manage coral reefs as socio-ecological systems undergoing change due to the interactive effects of multiple stressors Reduce the impacts of multiple stressors, in particular by enhancing the resilience of coral reefs and closely associated ecosystems through ecosystem based adaptation
Focus of Priority Actions for Target 10 on corals and associated ecosystems (annex to COP 12 decision on marine biodiversity-other matters) Sustainably manage fisheries for coral reefs and closely associated ecosystems Manage land-based and sea-based sources of pollution Increase spatial coverage and effectiveness of marine and coastal protected and managed areas in coral reefs and closely associated ecosystems Manage coastal development Improve adaptive capacity of coral reef-based socioecological systems within local context Integrated watershed and marine management Capacity-building Sustainable financing Research and monitoring
Focus of draft proposal for updating specific workplan (annex to COP 12 decision on marine biodiversity- other matters) Clock is ticking Only a few decades are left before the predicted onset of highly damaging impacts of global stressors on coral reefs (at current emission rates) Priority Actions aims at minimizing existing high-impact local stressors and increasing overall resilience
Description of EBSA areas containing information on coral reef ecosystems (88 areas out of total 207 areas described for EBSA criteria) The designations employed and the presentation of material in these slides do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
COP 12: Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea, 6-17 October 2014 Marine and Coastal Biodiversity: Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs) Priority Action Plan for Target 10 on Coral Reefs and Associated Ecosystems Updated Synthesis on the Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Biodiversity Guidance on addressing impacts of underwater noise on marine biodiversity Marine spatial planning and the training initiative (Sustainable Ocean Initiative)
Where are ecologically or biologically significant marine areas? Inherent value of marine biodiversity Marine Protected Areas? Fishing Closure? Jurisdictional matters? Human interventions By States and Competent intergovernmental organizations
CBD scientific criteria for ecologically or biologically significant areas (EBSAs) (annex I, decision IX/20) 1. Uniqueness or Rarity 2. Special importance for life history stages of species 3. Importance for threatened, endangered or declining species and/or habitats 4. Vulnerability, Fragility, Sensitivity, or Slow recovery 5. Biological Productivity 6. Biological Diversity 7. Naturalness
CBD Process on Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs) through regional workshops Synthesis of best available scientific and technical information Expert scientific judgment on the application of EBSA criteria Description and mapping of areas that meet the EBSA criteria
COP 10 guidance on EBSAs (decision X/29) COP 10 noted the application of scientific criteria for identifying EBSAs, adopted by COP in decision IX/20 (annex I), presents a tool,,,,,towards implementation of ecosystem approaches in relation to areas both within and beyond national jurisdiction COP 10 noted : the application of EBSAs scientific criteria is a scientific and technical exercise that areas found to meet the criteria may require enhanced conservation and management measures, including MPAs and impact assessments EASAs identification and selection of conservation and management measures is a matter of States and competent intergovernmental organizations
COP 10 guidance on EBSAs (decision X/29, para 36) COP 10 requested the Executive Secretary to work with Parties and other Governments as well as competent organizations and regional initiatives, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), regional seas conventions and action plans, and, where appropriate, regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs), with regards to fisheries management, to organize, including the setting of terms of references, a series of regional workshops, before a future meeting of the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (SBSTTA) prior to the eleventh meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention, with a primary objective to facilitate the description of ecologically or biologically significant marine areas through application of scientific criteria in annex I of decision IX/20 as well as other relevant compatible and complementary nationally and intergovernmentally agreed scientific criteria, as well as the scientific guidance on the identification of marine areas beyond national jurisdiction, which meet the scientific criteria in annex I to decision IX/20;
CBD regional workshops on description of EBSAs (decision X/29, para 36; decision XI/17, para 12) CBD Regional Workshop on EBSAs Date Host Country No. of Countries involved No. of Reg l & Int l Org involved Western South Pacific Nov 2011 Fiji 15 10 Wider Caribbean & Western Mid- Atlantic Summary Report submitted to UNGA as requested by COP 11, available as UNGA Document A/67/838 Feb 2012 Brazil 23 15 Southern Indian Ocean July 2012 Mauritius 16 20 Eastern Tropical & Temperate Pacific Aug 2012 Ecuador 13 12 North Pacific Feb 2013 Russia 8 7 South-Eastern Atlantic April 2013 Namibia 17 15 Arctic March 2014 Finland 7 13 North-west Atlantic March 2014 Canada 2 4 Mediterranean April 2014 Spain 21 16 Total 122 112
Ocean area covered by CBD EBSA regional workshops as well as relevant regional EBSA processes: 265.7 million sq.km Arctic 7.5 m NP 33.8m NEA 13.5m NWA 3.1m CAR 25.9m MED 2.5m SIO 49.6m WSP 58.2m ETTP 42.6m SEA 29m
Areas meeting CBD Scientific Criteria for Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs, annex 1 to decision IX/20) : 207 areas described Disclaimer: This is an information ONLY for the presentation at this meeting. Some information on the map is yet to be finalized. This is NOT for QUOTE or Distribution.
COP 12: Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea, 6-17 October 2014 How to facilitate the implementation of Priority Action Plan for Target 10 on Coral Reefs and Associated Ecosystems by countries and relevant organizations? Sustainable Ocean Initiative