National Seminar on Integrated Intermodal Transport Connectivity, 8 9 September 2015, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Development Strategy of Integrated Transport Planning in Korea Ho Choon Lee Senior Researcher Korea Maritime Institute
Ⅰ Introduction Ⅱ National Intermodal Transportation Plan 2001-2020 (2nd revised Plan) Ⅲ Advancement Plan of National Maritime Transport Networks Ⅳ Coastal Shipping Policies in Korea Ⅴ Suggestions 2
ESCAP Region Ⅰ. Introduction Population : 60% GDP : 33% ESCAP Members : 53 countries Associate Members : 9 countries Headquarter : Bangkok, Thailand 3
Republic of Korea & Republik Indonesia Ⅰ. Introduction Population : 51 million Fleet by Nationality of Owner : 1,371 (45.5 million GT) (Source : IHS Fairplay, World Fleet Statistics, 2014) Islands : 3,237 (470(inhabited), 2,767(uninhabited)) Population : 255 million Fleet by Nationality of Owner : 1,257 (10.0 million GT) (Source : IHS Fairplay, World Fleet Statistics, 2014) Islands : 17,508 East Sea 4
Status of Maritime Transportation in Korea Ⅰ. Introduction Cargo Coastal Shipping Jeju route : (Inbound) Sand, Oil, Cement / (Outbound) Tangerine, Water, Fish, Carrots Other route : Cement, Oil/gas, Metal, Non-metal International Shipping Korea-China route : Dalian, Tianjin, Qingdao, Lianyungang, etc. Korea-Japan route : Tokyo, Osaka, Yokohama, Tomakomai, etc. Korea-Russia route : Vladivostok, Vostochnny Passenger Coastal Shipping Regular route : 73 routes Remote Island route : 27 routes International Shipping Korea-China route : 8 routes (among 16 routes) are more than 100,000 passengers/year Korea-Japan route : Shimonoseki, Osaka, Hakata, Fukuoka, Izuhara, etc. Korea-Russia route : Vladivostok(Vladivostok[Russia]-Donghae[Korea]-Sakaiminato[Japan]) 5
Ⅱ. Transportation Plan 2001-2020 (2nd revised Plan) Objective & Strategy Objective Strategy5 Provision of advanced traffic service for securing transport accessibility in terms of basic human rights Enhancement of safety and security Enhancement of social equity in traffic service Strategy1 Enhancement of national competitiveness through effective sectoral stock coordination Improvement of coordination and efficiency of a transport system Railway express and road efficiency Strategy Strategy2 Implementation of intermodalism for enhanced traffic linkages Improvement of transit system among transport modes Construction of transport system connected with logistics hubs Strategy4 Buildup of low-carbon and green growth transport system Switch to green growth transport system Future transportation technology development and implementation 6 Strategy3 21st century global transportation logistics powerhouse realization for the enhancement of national competitiveness Land/Sea/Air integrated international network Dealing with integrated international transport/logistics
Ⅱ. Transportation Plan 2001-2020 (2nd revised Plan) Investment & Results Total Investment(2011 2020) road train port airport logistics etc. total Investment (trillion won) 70 72 18 1 24 185 Ratio(%) 37.9 38.9 9.7 0.5 13.0 100.0 Infra Expansion(2011 2020) (Road) 17,596km 19,854km Total extension 2,258km (Railway) 3,378km 4,955km Total extension 1,577km (Port) 21.86 million TEU/year 34.12 million TEU/year Handling capacity 12.26 million TEU (Airport) 498 thousand/year 825 thousand/year Flight capacity 327 thousand/year 7 Source : National Intermodal Transportation Plan (2nd revised 2001 2020), MLIT, 2001. 1.
Expected effects Ⅱ. Transportation Plan 2001-2020 (2nd revised Plan) Direct Effects Benefits : 20 trillion won (per year) Vehicle Operating Cost Travel Time Cost Benefits(billion won/year) Traffic Accidents Cost Environmental Cost Total CO2 emission (thousand tco2) 1,912 16,907 135 955 19,909 104,831 Indirect Effects Production inducement : 393 trillion won (total) Employment inducement : 3.5 million persons (total) Production inducement Employment inducement Indirect Effects 392.8 trillion won 3.5 million persons 8
Ⅲ. Advancement Plan of National Maritime Transport Networks Vision, Objectives and Strategies Vision Expansion of people s s marine territory through the construction of fast and convenient maritime transport networks Goals (2020) Marine tourists 20 million (16 million in 2013) Satisfaction levels 90 points ( 79 points in 2013) Strate gies Modernization of maritime transport service Speedup of maritime transport network Accessibility Improvement of maritime transport network Establishment of foundation of growth for maritime transport network Expansion of transport welfare for island residents 1 Improvement of maritime transport infrastructure 2 Ship modernization and amenities expansion 3 Listening to user opinions and promotion of maritime transport 1 Introduction of Trunk branch maritime transport network 2 Development of ecofriendly high-speed ferry 3 Minimization of Ship Operation failure/delay 1 Advancement of information-booking systems 2 Buildup of land-sea connected system 1 Establishment of a maritime transport management systems 2 Rationalization of fare system 3 Foundation of new growth engines 4 Promotion of excellent crewman 1 Improvement of transport services for remote island residents 2 Ferry fare assistance program for island residents 3 Support for LPG transport 9
Ⅲ. Advancement Plan of National Maritime Transport Networks Accessibility Improvement of maritime transport network ❶ Advancement of information-booking systems Problems Things to do Institutional improvement Incomplete performance of a ferry booking(ticketing) system Low level of awareness and utilization of ferry booking system Lack of information and users inconvenience Advancement of information booking system(h/w, S/W) Enhancement of customer service (Ticketing system, etc.) Reinforcement of system management Need to build 53 unmanned ticketing systems in 33 ferry terminals nationally Need to lay the foundations for building electronic ticketing systems Expected effects Promotion of island travel with the help of minimized travel uncertainty Enhancement of customized information service 10
Ⅲ. Advancement Plan of National Maritime Transport Networks Accessibility Improvement of maritime transport network ❷ Buildup of land-sea connected system Problems Things to do Institutional improvement Expected effects Bus stop relocation, adjustment of bus schedules, expansion of bus routes Shuttle bus between bus terminal(railway station, airport) and ferry terminal Development of multiple ticket (KTX Ferry) and smart phone ticketing Development of transit facilities in ferry terminals Need to enact a new law on development and support of maritime public transportation in islands region Need to construct a new public transport system Improvement in accessibility and connectivity of ferry terminals Minimum inconvenience of passengers Revitalization of islands tourism 11
Ⅳ. Coastal Shipping Policies in Korea Current Status of Korea Coastal Shipping Gross Sales and Capital Stock Gross Sales & Capital Stock Estimated gross sales: 2.8 trillion won (2.6 billion USD) in 2013 [Cargo shipping: 2.4 trillion won, Passenger shipping: 0.4 trillion won] Average sales per company: approximately 3 4 billion won Nearly 74% of cargo shipping firms and 45% of passenger shipping firms have less than 0.5 billion won of capital stock in 2013 Modal share of costal shipping has been gradually decreased and will be dropped Estimated share of coastal shipping is 18% in 2020 30 25 Estimated Mode Share of Coastal Shipping 25% in 2020 20 7% 15 18% in 2020 10 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020-12 -
Ⅳ. Coastal Shipping Policies in Korea Current Status of Korea Coastal Shipping Surge in oil prices in the past several years has led increases in operating cost Oil Price increases 4.7 times compared to 2001 and consists of 35% ~ 40% of ship operating cost Dubai Oil: 22.84$ (2001) 49.59$ (2005) 105.98$ (2011) 96.56$ (2014) 47.76$ (2015.8) Aged ships are increased due to the increases in ship new building prices Main reasons are that steel prices and labor costs are increased Iron Ore Prices : 35.1 USD/ton (2005) 175.5 USD/ton (2011) 97.5 USD/ton (2014) Due to higher new ship building prices, the aged ships and their safety issues are increased Over 15 year old ships consist of 56%(94 ships) of 168 ships in the passenger shipping(2014 Coastal passenger shipping business conditions are worsening Due to increases in new land island bridges, ship passenger demand is decreased Surge in oil prices and iron ore Increase in operating cost -13-1
Ⅳ. Coastal Shipping Policies in Korea Current Status of Korea Coastal Shipping Aged ships and elderly seafarers have been increasing Aged Ships Over a half of all passenger ships are older than 16 years (94 ships in 2014) The aged ship(over 20 year old) is increased 10% point compared to 2010 (15% in 2010 25% in 2014) Elderly Seafarers Seafarers aged 50 and older consist of 68.4% (Total 8,207 in 2013) Domestic shipping lacks of the government support and tax benefit Fuel tax is objective tax to support transport infrastructure: roads, rail, port, and air port Fuel tax charges for ship fuel, but only few percent from the tax is allocated for domestic shipping Allocation rates of fuel tax expenditure for transport infrastructure (2012) Road 52.7%, Rail 29.7%, Shipping/Ports 8.9%(mainly ocean going), Airport 0.8%, Public transportation(urban railway)7.9% Lacking of tax benefits for domestic shipping Shipping Type Ship Shipping Company Foreign Seafarer Fuel Tax National Tax Local Tax Cooperate Tax VAT Officer Seaman Domestic 6 International Unlimited -14-1
Ⅳ. Coastal Shipping Policies in Korea Coastal Shipping Policies in Korea Developing high speed ships and efficient logistics system Tasks High speed crafts can reduce transport time Doing research including Design of high speed crafts, Developing pilot craft, etc Developing more efficient cargo handling equipment Investing in coastal shipping infrastructures Tasks Investing in ferry terminals and docking facilities Improving facilities and system of ferry terminals Improving the quality of transport service Tasks Providing better service for the rights of users (i.e., disabled users) Providing Standardized facilities and systems of passenger ships Utilizing IT technologies for ticketing and scheduling (i.e., internet, smart phone) -15 -
Ⅳ. Coastal Shipping Policies in Korea Coastal Shipping Policies in Korea Developing express cargo service Tasks Developing faster cargo service system and its business model Preparing ships supporting express cargo service Wig craft, High speed craft Developing shipper friendly service Tasks Developing niche markets in short and coastal shipping Preparing specific ships meeting shippers needs Utilizing large fleets of ships for short sea and ocean going shipping Developing various marine tourism Tasks Developing tourism services associated with the island (i.e., marina and tourism service for foreigners) Developing tourism services combining the mainland and the island -16 -
H/W : Long term Investment in Infrastructure Ⅴ. Suggestions Investment in transport infrastructure is a starting point In the beginning providing transport infrastructure continuously will be a key of a successful integrated transport planning For a certain period of time we have to invest more than a certain percentage of GDP into transport infrastructure without stopping Setting a priority among transport modes is important In considering their situation each country should set their priority among transport modes and set the proportion of the investment differently The priority must be readjusted in process of time 17
Ⅴ. Suggestions S/W : Construction of efficient intermodal transport system Efficient intermodal transport system Well connected transportation networks Efficient operation of an intermodal transport system Systematic education and training for operators Hub and spoke system is still valid Advantages Encourage the rapid growth in the intermodal transport system Indonesia: Main Sea Corridor [West East] proposed by ALFI Reference: Theonugroho S. Kumaat (ALFI/ILFA), The New Logistics System in Indonesia, September 2012 18
Culture : Maritime Safety Culture Ⅴ. Suggestions Spread safety awareness and safety culture 90% of marine accidents is caused by human factors Campaigning by Marine Safety Practice HQ Increasing marine safety education Training for shipping lines CEOs Open marine safety class Establishing National marine safety experience center 19
Thank You! Terima kasih!! 감사합니다!!! leehochoon@kmi.re.kr TEL: +82 51 797 4623