Water Loss Management In Distribution Pipe Basic Knowledge

Water Loss Management In Distribution Pipe Basic Knowledge

1. Water Balance IWA concept 2. Water Loss Indicator 3. Reduce Non Revenue water Concept

Why water loss is Important? - Lack of water resource - Save operating cost - Save energy for pumping - Increase Level of operation pressure - Reliability in distribution pipe system - Excellent service quality

Background Leak Can t record unavoidable Main Leak Can detect

Water Balance IWA concept System Input volume SIV 1715.8 (100%) Authorised Consumption 1289.1 (75.13%) Water Losses UFW 426.7 (24.87%) Bill Authorised Unbill Authorised Apparent Losses 62.1 (3.6%) Real Losses (CARL) 364.6 (21.2%) Billed Metered Cons 1282.4 (74.74%) Billed Unmetered Cons 0 (0%) Unbilled Metered Cons 0(0%) Unbilled Unmetered Cons 6.7 (0.39%) Unauthorized Cons 17.2 (1%) Customer Meter Inaccuracies & Data Handling Error 44.9 (2.6%) Leakage on Trunk Mains Leakage on Distribution Mains Leakage on Service Connections up to metering point Show each component of water RW 1282.4 (74.74%) Non Revenue Water (NRW) 433.4 (25.26%)

Component of Authorized consumption Authorized Consumption Billed Meter consumption = customer pay from billing system Customer use Blow off / Fire Hydrant Use in construction Unbilled consumption = Amount water that can authorized from evaluate Use in operation, Utility Blow off / Fire Hydrant Use in construction/repair

Component of Water loss Apparent Loss / Commercial Loss Water loss Illegal in consumption Inaccuracy of Meter Physical loss / Real loss Leakage in pipe Unbilled Authoried NRW

WB Advantage of using Water Balance - Show all components of water - Clearly, Classify - Low estimate Data / Realizable

WB Disadvantage of using Water Balanc - Lack of Data / 1 Billing cycle for Water balance - Customer billing cycle not finish in same time - All of master meter must operation all time Error occur when estimate data

Water loss Indicator UFW unaccounted of water Volume / Percentage NRW non revenue water Volume / Percentage ILI Infrastructure leakage index Non Unit

Water Audit Concept Top Down Water balance Collect SIV, Componet each water Loss Indicator Bottom - Up Use MNF to evaluate Amount of loss

Minimum Night Flow MNF is the Minimum Flow rate at Night time Assumption 1.Leakage all time 2. At night time Consumption is very low 3. MNF is nearless Leak flow 4. Use Daily MNF for estimate Water loss

%UFW %UFW = %(SIV Authorized consumption)/ SIV Advance - Easy for Calculate - Easy for collecting data - Easy for monitoring Trend In same area Disadvantage - Error if over estimate Amount of water which Unmetered - Can not compare in Some area

Non revenue water %NRW = %(SIV- Billed consumption) /SIV Advantage - Easy - Refer to Revenue Note - NRW > UFW

Example Calculate of UFW,NRW Authorized Billed 3000 Billed Metered Cons 2500 Billed Unmetered Cons 500 RW? 3000 (60%) 3500 (70%) Unbilled 500 Unbilled Metered Cons 200 Unbilled Unmetered Cons 300 SIV 5000 (100%) Water Losses UFW?? 1500 (30%) Apparent Losses 250 Real Losses (CARL) Unauthorized Cons 100 Customer Meter Inaccuracies & Data Handling Error 150 Leakage on Trunk Mains 500 Leakage on Distribution Mains 500 Non Revenue Water (NRW)?? 2000 (40%) 1250 24% Leakage on Service Connections up to metering point 250

How to Ranking Area Area 1 Area 3 15% 22% 300 m 3 180 m 3 Area 2 450 กม. 38% 250 กม. 270 m 3 Area 4 Area 6 32% 180 กม. 43% 350 m 3 600 m 3 Area 5 400 กม. 7% 300 กม. 250 m 3 High 700 กม. Area 7 32% Water loss Volume loss 700 m 3 800 กม. %NRW 6 2 Pipe length Volume 7 6 Length 7 5 7 4 1 4 1 4 3 2 6 1 5 3 Low 5 3 2

Key factor independent to water loss Pipe length Water loss Pressure Sevice connection

ILI infrastructure leakage index ILI = CARL / UARL Advantage - Use variable of factor - Use for Ranking Priority - Can compare for every area Disadvantage - Many source of data - Hard to calculate

(Unavoidable Annual Real Losses, UARL) UARL= [18Lm + 0.8Nc + 25Lp]P (liter/day) Lm ค อ Distribution pipe length (km) Nc ค อ No of Connection (point) Lp ค อ Service pipe length (Km) P ค อ Pressure ( m) Standard operating Pressure = 50 m In each area that has different Component has unequal UARL 20

(ILI) CARL (Current annual real loss) UARL(Unavoidable Annual Real Losses) For example : CARL from WB table 1,000,000 Liters/day DMA has Pipe length = 30km, Service pipe = 3 km, 1500 concection, average P = 8 m UARL = (18x30 + 0.8x1500 + 25x3)x8 = 14,520 Liter/sec ILI: 1000000/14520 = 68.9

Example (ILI) VS NRW NRW (%) CARL (Liters/Day) UARL (Liters/Day) ILI (times) Area A 20 450 50 9 1 Area B 40 400 100 4 Area C 35 350 35 10

ILI VS UFW in Branch office of MWA 400 40 36.66 350 300 29.00 30.16 29.72 30.78 34.67 352.61 27.33 UFW 35.49 33.50 35 30 250 26.39 24.72 26.43 25 200 21.29 21.73 22.97 20 150 100 50 0 147.96 136.83 91.13 123.01 141.48 45.42 ILI 53.10 46.27 69.24 38.98 118.13 164.12 92.93 37.58 15 10 5 0 ILI %Loss

System Input Volume High Pressure Optimize Pressure Poor Pressure 1)Pressure Management Revenue Water 2) Speed & Quality of Repairs Leakage management ELL UARL 3) ALC ALR - time % Non-Revenue Water CARL= 40% 4) Pipe Replacement 4 Element of Sustainable Leakage Control Strategy as Contineous Improvement Activities

Factor of loss volume No of Leak point -external force - Pipe Material Flow Rate - Pressure - Leak area Uncontroling - Metering Error - Illegal consumption -Pipe age - Soil settlement

ELL ELL Economic leakage level is the optimum Level of leakage at the lowest Total Cost Cost of water is vary direct to the amount of water Investment margin is vary indirect to %Reduce of NRW In term of exponentioal

Economic Level of Leakage (ELL) The Economic Balance Where the total cost is at a minimum Economic Leakage Level COST OF LEAKAGE CONTROL AND WATER LOSS Background Leakage and Reported Burst Cost of Leakage Control LOSSES (ML/D)

Leak Run Time Awareness Total volume loss= (A+L+R)time x Flow rate A L R Time Awareness Location Repair - Flow rate vary direct to Pressure - To reduce loss if can reduce ALR time

What is ALR time?

Pressure Management To control unnecessary flow rate To increase consumption flow rate To decrease error in meter recording For efficient in Water loss activities

Relation between Loss & Pressure FAVAD (Fixed and Variable Area Discharge) L = Cd x A x (2gP) 0.5 n1 (L/Lo) = (P/Po) N1 n1 Find from Pressure step test Generally = 0.5 1.5

Pressure Management concept

Pressure Management concept

250 30 200 150 100 Total Flow Flow independent to pressure (Consumption) Pressure Trend curve 25 Pressure (m) 20 15 10 50 Flow dependent to pressure (Leak) 5 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25

Pressure Management

Active leakage control?? Objective To Reduce Leak time A & L time Monitoring system Pin point Activities Loss & Ranking Warning & Aleart System

Pipe replacement concept - Limitation of Budget Objective To Reduce Repair time - Financial analysis in project Protect for reburst pipe - Evaluate & Priority of Pipe construction route Expand the life time of Pipe - Select the best of material & construction technique by economic value - Plan for new investment project

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