1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Ghana ER-Program for the Cocoa Forest Mosaic Landscape Over the past century, Ghana s economic growth, largely 1200000 1850000 Cocoa Production (1961-2012) and driven by agriculture and timber production, has come at Area of Forest in Program Area 1800000 a huge cost to its forests. 1000000 Ghana s R-PP identifies cocoa farming as the dominant 1700000 800000 driver of deforestation, followed by other agriculture & by 1650000 illegal logging. 600000 In 1911, Ghana became the global #1 producer of cocoa 1550000 400000 and had approx. 8.2 million ha of high forest. 100 years later, Ghana achieved a cocoa production 1450000 200000 milestone 1 million tons and one of the top 1400000global cocoa producers! 0 But area of forest reduced to 1.5 million ha. Mainly gazetted forest reserves. Majority are partially to mostly degraded 1750000 1600000 1500000 1350000 Tonnes Cocoa Hectares of Forest 1
Ghana ER-PIN ER Program Idea Background- Cocoa Driver 10 year historical (2000-2010) deforestation rate of 1.4% per year within ER Program area. 820,000 ha forest lost over this time period Strong evidence of degradation in sub-landscape 1986 2000 2011
Land Use Change Pattern & Carbon Stocks in the Cocoa-Forest Landscape Asare et al. 2013
Ghana ER-PIN Program Highlights- Activities Broad interventions & activities to reduce emissions from cocoa, other agricultural drivers, and illegal logging. In isolation, no single measure can be effective to increasing sustainability and achieving desired state. Must be implemented in concert! Institutional Collaboration Policy Reforms Increase Yields via CSC Risk Management Landscape Planning MRV/Data Management Cocoa Board, FC, MLNR, Implement tree tenure & benefit sharing reforms Increase access to extension, inputs, credit Reduce economic and climate risks Total absence in cocoa sector Create public platform to manage farm to sector-level data Private Sector, Civil Society, Nat l Cocoa Platform Implement PES schemes Promote climatesmart practices Expand access to credit Coordinate at local level Farm mapping, Collaboration with Traditional Leaders & Local Gov. Foster tree planting & agroforestry Link access to resources with adoption of CSC Test yield index insurance CREMA Connect to registry Comm. Forest monitoring & law enforcement, VPA Focus cocoa resources onto appropriate cocoa lands Link access to Risk package with CSC Access to risk mngt performance based Bridge Cert. with landscape impact Link to FM-MRV system 5
Cross-sector, Institutional Collaboration LBCs Certification Cocoa Board Ghana ER-PIN Implementation in a Sub-Landscape Extension Package of Resources Inputs & Planting Material Credit Yield Increase LBCs Certification Cocoa Board ER Program Forestry Commission Adoption of Climate Smart Practices Policy Reforms & Effective T. A. Shade Mngt Risk Mngt Package Climate Smart Cocoa Land Use Planning Inst. Collabora tion MRV & Data Mngt, Emission Reductions ER Program Civil Society Forestry Comm DA TA Cocoa Board CREMA process / Certification to Landscape Improved Livelihoods Biodiversity Sustainable Landscape Strengthened Tenure
If Successful = New Cocoa Product via Landscape Cocoa Certification Ghana can be the premier global producer of premium quality climate-smart beans Government Interest Sustainable production system Securing % of global market, meeting global demand Ensuring livelihoods of hundreds of thousands of Ghanaians Sustainable forest sector and resource base Private Sector Interest Access to beans Security of supply Long term access to markets Sustainable farmers
Ghana ER-PIN Emission Reductions Generated Program s FRL over twenty years (2016-2036), based on a 10 year historical average (2000-2010). 598,2 MTCO2e Anticipated emission reductions up to 2020 18,5 MTCO2e ER Program s total anticipated emission reductions up to 2036 (45% effectiveness) 255,0 MTCO2e * Early estimate, to be revised as FRL takes shape Anticipated ERs calculation: ((Area of deforestation by forest type x emission factor by forest type) - residual carbon stock) x ER program effectiveness factor 8