Status Report Biorefinery 2007 René van Ree & Bert Annevelink Goal of the report LT (2030) Biomass Vision Dutch Government (PGG) Biorefinery definition, concepts, classification system National initiatives pilot/demonstration, R&D, networks International initiatives pilot/demonstration, R&D, networks Biorefinery from a Dutch Point-of-View SWOT-analysis Discussion, conclusions Activities 2008 and beyond 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 1
Goal of the report Presenting an overview of the current status and developments in the biorefinery area both from a national, European and global point of view Info can be used by: Dutch government to develop a strategy for supporting biorefinery-related RD&D-activities, and to develop supporting mechanisms and policy measures to accelerate the market implementation of biorefinery concepts within the Dutch society Other stakeholders (industry, SMEs, knowledge infrastructure, NGOs) to determine their specific position in the broad biorefinery area, and to decide if and with who they can enter this very promising area of biomass valorisation 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 2
LT (2030) Biomass Vision Dutch Government (PGG) 30% of the fossil resources used as both raw materials and fuels should be substituted by bio-based alternatives in 2030 Application Fossil fuel substitution [%] Fossil fuel substitution [PJ th, affu ] [1] CO 2 -emission reduction [Mt/a] % Dutch prim. en. consumption Chemicals & materials 25 140 11 40 Biofuels for transport 60 324 24 20 Power 25 [2] 203 14 20 Heat 17 [3] 185 10 20 Sum 852 59 [1] affu = avoided fossil fuel use 3 e [2] Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 Full plant substitution necessary 3 [3] Mainly Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG)
LT (2030) Biomass Vision Dutch Government (2) Assumption: overall primary Dutch energy consumption in 2030 is comparable to that of the year 2000: 3000 PJ th In the opinion of PGG priority should be given to the replacement of the most scarce feedstock first oil first, then gas, and finally coal; this corresponds also more or less to producing bio-based products with the highest added market value first (chemicals, fuels, power, heat). 30% substitution equals to about 850 PJ th,affu requiring about 1200 PJ th raw biomass materials or about 80 Mt dry base per year Rabou et al (2006) concluded that 60-80% of the biomass demand has to be filled-in by import; however, in case full use is made of available domestic residues, crop cultivation processes are optimised, and the aquatic biomass potential is fully exploited, import could be reduced to about half of the biomass required 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 4
Definition Biorefinery Biorefinery is the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable products and energy 1 Biorefinery: concepts, facilities, processes, cluster of industries Sustainable: maximising economics, minimising ecological impacts, socio-economic aspects taken into account Processing: upstream processing, transformation, fractionation, thermo-chemical/(bio) chemical conversion, extraction, sparation, downstream processing Biomass: crops, residues, wood, aquatic biomass Spectrum: more than one Marketable: a market already exists or is expected to become available in the near future Products: food, feed, chemicals, materials Energy: (transportation) fuels, power, heat 1 IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 5
Biorefinery a new term for existing activities? Many existing industrial processes more or less already are some kind of biorefinery activity Examples: Sugar industry (beet, cane), starch industry (wheat, potatoe), vegetables oils industry (soy, rape seed), feed industry, feed industry, pulp/paper (forest) industry, conventional biofuel industry,.. The main focuss of these current activities/processes however is still on the production of a main product often with an attempt to re-use process residues instead of sustainably producing a spectrum of bio-based products and energy on forehand This strategy is changing rapidly, and therefore these existing industrial infrastructures probably will form the framework for upgrading to real biorefinery processes in the near future 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 6
Biorefinery Concepts (1) Raw material based concepts: Green Biorefinery, Whole Crop Biorefinery, Ligno Cellulosic Feedstock Biorefinery, Marine Biorefinery Concepts based on composing technologies: Two Platform Concept Biorefinery, Thermo-chemical Biorefinery Concepts based on status of the technology: Conventional/Advanced Biorefineries, 1 st /2 nd /x n Generation Biorefineries Concepts based on major (intermediate) product produced: Syngas Platform, Sugar Platform, Lignin Platform, The development of a proper classification system is one of the main Tasks for 2008 within IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries. 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 7
Concept Type of feedstock Predominant technology Phase of development Green Biorefineries wet biomass: green grasses pretreatment, pressing, Pilot Plant (and Biorefinery Concepts (2) Summary characteristics (GBR) Whole Crop Biorefineries (WCBR) Ligno Cellulosic Feedstock Biorefineries (LCFBR) Two Platform Concept (TPCBR) Biorefineries Thermo Chemical Biorefineries (TCBR) and green crops, such as lucerne and clover whole crop (including straw) cereals such as rye, wheat, and maize lignocellulosic-rich biomass: e.g. straw, chaff, reed, miscanthus, wood all types of biomass all types of biomass fractionation, separation, digestion dry or wet milling, biochemical conversion pretreatment, chemical & enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, separation combination of sugar platform (biochemical conversion) and syngas platform (thermochemical conversion) thermochemical conversion: torrefaction, pyrolysis, gasification, HTU, product R&D) Pilot Plant (and Demo) R&D/Pilot Plant (EC), Demo (US) Pilot Plant Pilot Plant (R&D and Demo) separation, catalytic synthesis Marine Biorefineries (MBR) aquatic biomass: microalgea and macroalgae (seaweed) cell disruption, product extraction and separation R&D (and Pilot Plant) 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 8
National initiatives Pilot/demonstration R&D Networks Beethanol Biobutanol www.biorefinery.nl Bio MCN Coraf Bioport Lignovalue Biorefinery Cluster N-ergy BioValue Optimal hydrolysis Prograss Grass refinery Pectin challenge Courage Grass refinery ASPECT Lignocellulosic Ethanol B-BASIC Multi fuel power plant CATCHBIO Flevo-initiative IBOS Bold initiatives will be presented/discussed in more detail today R&D activities mentioned are EOS-LT projects and large R&Dprogrammes. Certainly there are more R&D-initiatives being performed 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 9
National Initiative Addition to Report Bio-ethanol Rotterdam B.V. (BER BV) 350 kt tarwe + duurzame warmte afkomstig van de buren (cositing) naar een tweetal biobrandstoffen (110 kt bioethanol en biogas (SuBERgas)), aqua-ammonia (voor DeNO x inst.), CO 2 en digestaat 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 10
International initiatives Pilot/demonstration R&D Networks BioHub Programme(F) Biocoup (EC) Biorefinery Task Force Forestbased TP (EC) Biogasol (Dan) Biopol (EC) Variety of Canadian Biorefinery Networks (Can) Marine Biorefinery (D) Euroview (EC) IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefinery (global) Force-concept (SWE, FIN) Bioref-integ (EC) Joint European TP Task Force on Biorefinery (EC) Forestry Bioefinery Biosynergy (EC) Network for implementation biorefineries (AT) Ghent Bio-energy Valley Chrisgas (EC) Green Biorefinery (AT) Ecorefine (EC) Green Biorefinery (IRL) Epobio (EC) Green Biorefinery (D) Eurolignin (EC) Lenzing AG (AT) Green Biorefinery (EC) LCF Biorefinery (D) WaCheUp (EC) R&D DOE-2007 6 Cellulosic Ethanol demos (US) NExBTL (Fin) 8 Mainly ethanol based RTDprojects 2002-2006 DOE/USDA (US) LCF Biorefinery in connection with P/P-industry (Can) Tricale Initiative (Can) Forest Biorefinery (Can) 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 11
BioHub Programme Cereal-based Biorefinery (Roquette (F) et al.) THE CEREAL BASED BIOREFINERY New platform chemicals PROGRAM Whole Crop Biorefinery to produce a portfolio of platform chemicals as intermediates for the production of biomonomers and biopolymers Focuss R&D Development new White Biotech Processes DSM involved RRB3 Ghent June 4th 2007 27 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 12
Green Biorefinery (AT) - Pilot Green Biomass (Grass, clover, etc.) Silage (solid state fermentation) Pretreatment & Pressing Presscake Juice AA-Separation LA-Separation Amino Acids (Feed, Pharma, etc.) Lactic Acid (e.g. Solvents) Feed, Boards, Insulation,... Treatment Residues Separation Aroma Substances, Chlorophyll Biogas Plant Energy (Electricity, Heat) 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 13
NExBTL (FIN) - Demo Second generation biodiesel from vegetable oils and animal fats. Integration into a conventional oil refinery to i) use H 2, ii) blend the biodiesel in bio/fossil diesel blends, and make use of the logistical infrastructure and economy-of-scale. 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 14
BIOCOUP (EC) FP6 IP (R&D) Upgrading of biomass-derived liquids in order to make them suitable for co-processing in conventional petroleum refineries for the production of conventional transporation fuels, chemicals and oxygenated products 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 15
BIOSYNERGY (EC) FP6 IP (R&D) Upgrading of a cellulosic ethanol pilot-plant in Salamanca (ES) to a LCF Biorefinery plant by co-production of addedvalue bio-products from C5 sugars, lignin and process residues (DDGS, ) 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 16
BIOREF-INTEG (EC) FP7 SSA (R&D) Graphical presentation of the WPs showing their interdependencies (Pert diagram) WP1 Identification and mapping of existing industrial fuel producing complexes in Europe WP2 Identification and market analysis of most promising added-value products to be coproduced with fuels WP3 Biorefinery-based knowledge import from outside the EC WP4 Technical, economic and ecological assessment of biorefinery concepts integrated into existing industrial complexes Bioethanol sector Biodiesel sector Pulp/paper sector Oil refinery sector Power production sector Food industry sector Agro sector WP5 Technology deployment WP6 Knowledge dissemination WP7 Project management 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 17
IEA Bioenergy national RD&D programmes Task 40 Sustainable international biomass trade EU Technology Platforms Task 30 SRC Task 31 Sustainable forestry Task 32 Biomass cofiring Task 34 Pyrolysis of biomass Task 33 Thermal gasification of biomass Task 42 Biorefineries Task 39 Liquid fuels from biomass Task 37 Energy from Biogas Info: www.biorefinery.nl Task 29 Socioeconomic drivers Task 38 Greenhouse gas balances Task 41 System analysis Task 42 on Biorefineries international RD&D programmes Partners: Austria, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, EU Observers: Finland, Sweden, Ireland Why a new Task? New integrated technologies Complicated organisation Co-operation between stakeholders different sectors necessary 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 18
Joint European TP Task Force on Biorefinery The Joint European Technology Platform Task Force on Biorefinery brings together biorefinery experts/representatives of the different European Technology Platforms, i.e.: Biofuels, Forest-based, Suschem, Plants for the Future; to discuss common biorefinery-related activities (a.o. necessary R&D-activities, pilot and demo initiatives). Activities: mapping biorefinery plants in the EC identification necessary pilot and demo plants advising EC on Biorefinery related RD&D to be integrated in FP7 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 19
SWOT-analysis Biorefinery from a Dutch Point-of-View Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of the application potential of biorefineries in The Netherlands First concept in chapter 5 of report Sent out to all WS participants with the programme Discussion in parallel sessions this afternoon to identify the main Strengths for the Netherlands (a.o. chemical sector, agrosector, harbours, knowledge infrastructure, ) Results will be used to focuss (governmental supported) R&D and Deployment Programmes 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 20
Conclusions Biorefinery in itself is not new because it is already applied in a variety of industrial sectors. However, the sustainable production of a spectrum of bio-based products and energy (definition biorefinery in this report) to maximise the profitability and minimise the environmental impact of the raw materials used is new, and has the potential to introduce biomass competitively at a large-scale in national (Dutch), European and global economies to meet environmental policy goals. Biorefineries are expected to be introduced in a variety of market sectors in the short-term (up to 2013) by upgrading of existing industrial infrastructures. New high-efficient biorefinery concepts are expected to be implemented into the market at the medium-term (2013 2020). Before implementation can take place, a start has to be made with the development of relevant composing process unit operations as soon as possible. Therefore both public (governmental) and industrial budget should become available for R&D and building and operation of necessary full pilot and demonstration facilities. 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 21
Conclusions Separation and catalytic upgrading processes will be essential process unit operations in all different biorefinery concepts. Therefore, specific attention should be given to the development of these processes. Development and implementation of biorefinery concepts should cover both biomass cultivation, biomass conversion, and final product application. Full technical, economic and ecological chain aspects, including scale and logistical aspects, should be taken into account in designing the most optimal biorefinery concepts. Development and implementation of biorefinery concepts will require cooperation of (industrial) stakeholders that are traditionally not working together yet (like the agro, chemical, and energy sector). Producing and importing knowledge and disseminating it is very important to inform the stakeholders involved so that they can make the right decisions based on up-to-date information. 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 22
Acknowledgements This Status Report Biorefinery 2007 was prepared in commission of the Dutch Agency for Innovation and Sustainability (SenterNovem), and co-financed by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (LNV). Parts of the text, tables and figures in this report were directly copied from existing public web-sites and reports. The authors are aware of and acknowledge the existing copyrights. The authors also want to thank all stakeholders and colleagues that were involved in the preparation of this report. 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 23
Activities 2008 and beyond Continuation Supporting Biorefinery Consortia project Technology Roadmap Biorefinery -> TDP/SRA results framework for Definition National RTD programme on Biorefineries.. 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 24
Technology Roadmap Biorefinery Planning/activities (concept) Timeframe: 010108 300608 Core Team (CT) and Advisory Group (AG): participation on invitation Set-up TRB: 1. Introduction and framework 2. Key challenges biorefineries 3. 9. Parallel sectorial approach identifying R&D needs and priorities 10. Common and intersectorial challenges and opportunities 11. National Vision BR, TDP, SRA 12. Knowledge dissemination and education Kick-off meeting: mid January 2008, midterm meeting: start April 2008, Final meeting: start July 2008 3 e Workshop Nederlands Kennisnetwerk Bioraffinage, Wageningen, 6 december 2007 25