National Water Resources Board Integrated Water Resources Management Susan P. Abano Engineer IV Policy and Program Division National Water Resources Board Outline Philippines Water Resources Situationer IWRM as a Framework to Achieve Sustainable Water for All IWRM Plan Framework Next Steps (IWRM Operational Planning and Localization)
Philippine Water Resources Land area : 300,000 sq. km. Annual Average rainfall : 2,400 mm The Philippines has 421 principal river basins 20 are major river basins Surface water dependable water supply - 125,790 MCM (80% probability) The recharge or extraction potential of groundwater is estimated at 20,200 MCM per year I: Ilocos II: Cagayan Valley III: Central Luzon IV: Southern Tagalog V: Bicol VIII: Eastern Visayas VI: Western Visayas X: Northern Mindanao VII: Central Visayas IX: Southwestern Mindanao XII: Southern XI: Southeastern Mindanao Mindanao Water Availability 35,000 30,000000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Water Potential Projected Demand by 2025 Water Allocated as of Dec. 2006 Source: NWRB, List of Water Permittees, Dec. 2006 JICA Master Plan on Water Resources Management in the Philippines, 1998
Water: A vital resource under threat Population growth, increased economic activity and improved standards of living are placing tremendous pressures both on the resource supply and service delivery systems Rapid Population Growth and Aggressive Development Pose Huge Threat to Water Increasing water demand together with insufficient water infrastructure threatens to outstrip sustainable levels of supply
Rapid Population Growth... (cont..) Over-extraction extraction of groundwater due to increased in water demand resulted to: decline in groundwater levels or drying up of wells or springs contamination of wells by salt water intrusion in coastal areas Rapid Population Growth... (cont..) Rapid Urban development resulted to: decreasing aquifer recharge cause by land development Increasing peak flows and run-off causing flooding/inundation in roads
Threats from Domestic, Agricultural and Industrial Waste Groundwater Contamination Leaching of industrial, agrochemicals and animal wastes in agro- industrial areas Preliminary data indicate up to 58% of groundwater intended for drinking water supplies are contaminated with total coliform Sub-surface discharges from latrines and septic systems and infiltration of polluted urban run-off Threats from Domestic... (cont.. ) Surface Water Pollution 50 rivers (12%) of the 421 rivers in the country are considered biologically dead Only one third (36%) of our river systems/ surface water areas are potential sources for drinking water Blockage of waterways reduces the rivers carrying capacity Direct dumping of domestic solid waste in rivers and lakes created adverse impact on water quality and availability Wastewater discharges from domestic and industries to bodies of water contaminate water bodies
Threats from Watershed Degradation Deforestation causes soil erosion and siltation /sedimentation of rivers, lakes including reservoirs affecting the water quality and limiting the flow capacity of these water bodies Only 5.4 M ha. out of 15.88 M ha. of the country s forestland areas are covered with forests and fewer than a million hectares of these are left with old growth forests. Sediment fills lakes and ponds, obstructs waterways, and clogs storm sewers, ditches, and water supply intakes Threats from Watershed Degradation (cont..) Denudation of forest and watershed increases run-off causing flash flood in mountainous areas When the flow capacity of the stream is exceeded, the channel overflows and the result is a flash flood
The Threats of Climate Change and Global Warming Global warming is the rise in global temperatures due to an increase of heattrapping carbon emissions in the atmosphere. Climate change, refers to changes (at different rates and different ways) in many climatic factors such as temperature and precipitation around the world. The Threats of Climate Change (cont..) Increased intensity and frequency of storm (La Niña) and drought (El Niño) Variation in streamflow and groundwater recharge affecting water quality and seasonal water availability Higher temperatures affecting water quality (such as eutrophication) Sea Level rise causing saltwater intrusion into surface and ground water, affecting the amount and quality of water supplies Seven extreme tropical cyclone/southwest monsoon induced extreme events occurred in 1991 to late 2004 The worst drought occurred in 1997-19981998 El Niño, resulted in severe water shortage in M.Mla
To respond to these challenges and ensure that demand does not overrun supply, there should be a balancing act to ensure that the economic growth and development does not jeopardize the viability and integrity of our ecosystems both in the present and future Integrated Water Resources Management is a collaborative process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources within hydrological boundaries, in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems.
IWRM Principles (1992 Dublin International Conference on Water and the Environment) 1. Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life, development and the environment. 2. Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be recognised as an economic good. 3. Water development and management should be based on a participatory approach, involving users, planners and policymakers at all levels. 4. Women play a central part in the provision, management and safeguarding of water resources. Cross-Sectoral Integration Agriculture use Domestic and Industrial use Recreational use Natural Preservation Fishery use
IWRM is a whole water cycle Management Discharge wastewater Water Supply Extraction Salt Water Intrusion Traditional vs IWRM Approach Scope Characteristic Approach to solving problems Conflict resolution Involvement of stakeholders Traditional Sectoral/Projectfocused Taking into consideration sectoral need and benefit Solve conflicts between users not uses Limited participation Integrated IWRM All related sectors are taken into consideration Solve conflicts between users and uses Broad participation
Adoption of IWRM The strongest push for the widespread adoption of IWRM came from the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) held in Johannesburg in 2002. The Philippines, along with other world governments recommitted to the UN Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) and agreed to formulate and implement their respective IWRM and water efficiency plans by 2005 Philippines IWRM Plan Framework Formulation Process Development of National IWRM and Water Efficiency Plan commenced in January 2006 Creation of Steering Committee to provide guidance, support and approve plan AMultiSectoral Multi-Sectoral Task Force was created to undertake the preparation of the plan Conducted Multi-sectoral task force workshops and conferences Consultation-workshop with Non-Government and Civil Society Organizations Multi-Sectoral Consultations on the proposed IWRM and Water Efficiency Improvement Plans in the Visayas and Mindanao Presentation of the Draft IWRM Plan in the IWRM-SEA Project Meeting in Thailand. It generated positive feedback on the scope, planning process and multi-stakeholders approach Launching and presentation of the IWRM Plan Framework in January 26, 2007 to key stakeholders (NGAs, donor agencies, NGOs, Academe)
Structure of the Integrated Water Resources Management Plan Framework Identified Sustainable Outcomes that reflect our development aspirations for IWRM Effective Protection and Regulation for Water Security and Ecosystem Health (Water Allocation, Groundwater Management, Achieving Clean and Healthy Water, Managing and Mitigating Risks from Climate Change and Water Related Disasters) Sustainable Water Resources and Responsive Services for Present and Future Needs (Water conservation, Water Supply and Sanitation services) Improved Effectiveness, Accountability and Synergy among Water Related Institutions and Stakeholders (Water Governance, Knowledge Management, Capacity Building) Adaptive and Proactive Response to Emerging/ Future Challenges (Water Sensitive Design, Water Rights Trading) Next Steps: Operational Planning and Localization (Key Milestones) Launching and Commitment Setting- promote the widest dissemination of the plan framework across all stakeholders to ensure shared understanding and commitment to pursue, adopt, integrate and implement IWRM Establish a Technical support Base for IWRM Implementation- responsible for development of toolkits and templates to facilitate localization that will entail preparation of operational plans at the regional, provincial, municipal and community levels. Operational Planning different agencies and institutions should ensure that relevant components and dimensions in the IWRM are integrated in their plans and that they should conduct joint planning and complementation meetings that these initiatives become part of the plans of the cooperating partner agencies Localization the main challenge for the localization of IWRM is to ensure that local government units initiate IWRM planning and follow through with the implementation of their respective IWRM plans. Plans of NGAs should be aligned with the thrusts and directions of LGUs.
Getting together is a start, Working together is progress, Staying together is success! A quote by Secretary Angelo Reyes during his keynote address delivered during the launching of the National IWRM Plan Framework held last January 26, 2007