A Presentation on Sewerage and Wastewater Management in Cambodia By: Long Chivina Deputy Office Chief of Planning and Technique, Department of Sub-National Public Infrastructure and Engineering March 2014
INTRODUCTION General Information Organization Chart Status of water pollution of river, lakes and bays, including names of sources, rivers, lakes, and bays Present Status of Sewage Works Tentative Theme of Improvement Plan Objective and Goal Expectation
General Information South-East of Asia- North connected by the Loas,the East to the Vietnam, the South-by the Golf Sea of Thai and the West- by the Thailand. Land Area 181.035 Km2. Population : 13,388,910 (Population Cencus 2008) The main religion is Buddhism. Capitalcity : Phnom Penh Total Number of Provinces and Municipality: 24 Urban Population: 2,614,440 (19.5%) Annual Growth Rate: 1.54% Average Size of Household: 4.7
ORGANIZATION CHART OF THE MINISTRY PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT MINISTER SECRETARY OF STATE ADVISORS UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE PUBLIC WORKS REGIONS GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF TRANSPORT GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF PUBLIC WORKS GENERAL INSPECTORATE 24-MUNICIPAL &PROVINCIAL PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT DEPARTMENTS ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF PERSONEL HUMANRESOURCES DEPT. OF LAND TRANSPORT DEPT. OF WATER TRANSPORT DEPT. OF ROADS HAVY EQUIPMENT CENTER SIHANOUK VILLE PORT AUTHORITY PHNOM PENH PORT AUTHORITY DEPT. OF ACCOUNTANT &FINANCE PUBLIC WORKS RESEARCH CENTER DEPT.OF PLANNING DEPT. OF MARCHAND MARIINE DEPT. OF SUBNATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND ENGINEERING CAMBODIA SHIPPING AGENCY and BROKER CAMSAB DEPT. OF INLAND WATER WAY ROYAL RAILWAY OF CAMBODIA
ORGANIZATION CHART OF DEPARTMENT Department of Sub-National Public Infrastructure and Engineering Office of Administration and General Affairs Office of Planning and Techniques Office of Engineering Office of Waste Water Treatment System and Flood Protection System Office of Roads in Capitals, Provinces, Cities and Towns Office of Environment and Public Service System
Status of water pollution of river, lakes and bays, including names of sources, rivers, lakes, and bays Sources of pollution In Cambodia, land and water resources and their associated biota are considered to be major environmental concerns. Commercial forestry, agriculture and mining affect the country's surface water system along with the Mekong River upstream trans-boundary factors working through the regional surface water network and local rivers to affect the primary resources of the Tonle Sap Lake and its tributaries. Additionally, urban/town and industrial pollution sources, aquaculture, and mining contribute to water quality deterioration and affect the productivity of the inland fishery, which is also increasingly influenced by intensified commercial and artisanal fishing practices. Wastewater, sanitation and solid waste management are affecting the urban/town water environment as well.
Situation of Rivers, Lakes, Bays River, Lakes and Bays water quality data from the Ministry of Environment has been available since 1999. The water quality indexes are compiled by the Ministry of Environment including ph, Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Fecal Coliform, and Total Suspended Solids (TSS), NO2, NO3, and PO4. The following figures indicate water quality in watercourses with high concentration of Fecal Coliform for a few months in a year where population density is high, and is compared to the National Water Quality Standard of the Ministry of Environment (Fecal Coliform <5000). Climate information Average annual rainfall in the lowland area around Tonle Sap Great Lake, annual rainfall ranges between 1,200 to 1,900 mm, average frequency of rainfall 265 time /year, maximum hourly rainfall 80 mm/hour and maximum 10 minute rainfall 120mm to 180mm. East of the Mekong River, rainfall generally averages between 1,500 to 3,000 mm.
Present Status of Sewage Works Present status of sewerage and sanitation Sewerage and Sanitation in Cambodia are very poorly because of financial and technical reason. Domestic wastewater and urban sewage are commonly collected by sewerage system and run off to drainage and retention pond/lake or wetland afterward for selfpurification (through natural treatment process), and finally runs off to the main watercourse All sewerage and sanitation in Cambodia Cities are old that were constructed during France's colonial without maintenance or reconstructing even 30 year civil war. In the result, many Cities of Cambodia are flooded in the raining season.
Water Quality preservation : Presently, there are no master plan, Law or Regular and exactly strategy to be developed in the field of waste water management. Therefore, since August, 2011 department of sub- National Infrastructure and Engineering was established where part of responsibility is waste water management at National Level under Ministry Public Works and Transports. Nowadays, Master Plan, Laws and Regulation are prepared by technical team in Department
Present status of sewerage system Treatment plant
Project Area Example of Wastewater Treatment Plant and Sewerage System in Sihanoukville City
Sewage collection system: 65.80 Km - 7.348 Km of trunk, - 6.126 Km of collector sewer lines - 42.165 Km of main lateral - 10.1 Km branch lateral lines for 3,344 service connections. The system covers an area about 221.5 ha and serves about 30,000 people partly in Sangkat 1,2 and 4 of Prah Sihanouk City, Prah Sihanouk Province plus 1,200 m3/day wastewater from brewery (CAMBREW). The System is Separate System. Sulfide generation about 300 mg/l BOD5 at 30oC, effective BOD5 of about 738 mg/l. Slope requirements is 1.25 times the values for and effective BOD5 of 500 mg/l. All sewer components be protected from sulfide related corrosion. The sludge is keep to dry on free surface area after that are collected out for the agriculture using.
Wastewater Treatment Process
Present Status of Sewage Works The storm water Drainage System for all Cities in Cambodia are responding directly by provincial department public works and transport, and our department is working as coordinate at National Level. Most Cities in Cambodia were constructed in France's colonial. All infrastructures including drainage system are old and abandoned without reconstruction and maintenance during civil war. As the result, the cities suffer from habitual inundation and poor environment condition caused by stagnant waste and storm water in the lowland areas. Theses are serious constrains to the residents' living environment as well as social and economic development of the cities. The water need for the using about 178 l/person/day. But the drain capacity is about 250 person/ manhole.
Tentative Theme of Improvement Plan Title : Waste Water Management Current Situation and Background Water Treatment is new process for the Cambodia People. From 24 big Cities are just only 4 of them have treatment plant witch one of them is out of function. In the same time, the pollution from the people in the cities is increased every day especially used water is directly discharged to the stream, River or the Sea that is very influent to the Environment and people health. Therefore, Ministry of Public Work and Transport establishes the Department of Sub-national Infrastructure and Engineering to respond for coordinate and manage all kinds of waste water before discharge in to the streams, River and Sea, prepare some regulations, national sewage law for local authorities especially provincial department of public work for operation, because of now we have no regulation or guideline to protect water sheet for pollution of the people. To prepare this regulation, the management process of waste water need to be understood.
Objective and Goal The main objective of this tentative theme is to produce emergency waste water Regulation and law for water environment protection. Expectation Integrate Japan Experiences in the field management of waste water and new technology to Cambodia s waste water regulation
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN AND PROJECTS IN CAMBODIA Component 2 : AFD-Project (Continues) 1.Focused on providing support to APSARA regarding its internal procedures, the development of a hotel and cultural zone, the planning of tourism amenities, as well as limited beautification works of the Siem Reap river banks; The total duration of the program will be 36 months. The duration of civil work proper is expected to be 18 months.
Thank You For Your Attention!