SOLUTIONS FOR OIL PRODUCTION, WORKOVER AND WELLS COMPLETION

SOLUTIONS FOR OIL PRODUCTION, WORKOVER AND WELLS COMPLETION 01

TABLE OF CONTENTS ABOUT COMPANY 04 WELL KILL FLUIDS AND COMPLETION SOLUTIONS MEX-BLOCK WATER BASED BLOCKING FLUID 08 MEX-BLOCK ОВ OIL-BASED BLOCKING FLUID 09 H-FLOW BRINE-BASED HEAVY-WEIGHT SYSTEM 10 EZY-FLOW ACID-GENERATING COMPOUND 11 LIMEX FRESHWATER HEAVY-WEIGHT SYSTEM 12 UNIBRINE HIGH-DENSITY KILLING FLUID 13 STIMULATION SOLUTIONS PRA-FLOW ACID COMPOSTION 16 PI-FLOW ACID COMPOSTION 17 FC-FLOW ACID COMPOSTION 18 CROSS-FLOW ALUMINIUM BASED CROSSLINKER 19 SD-FLOW NON-ION SURFACTANT 20 R-PRMA MODIFIED POLYMER 21 WATER INFLOW REDUCTION SWS-PLAST SILICON ORGANIC COMPOSITION 24 R-SEDFOR SEDIMENT FORMATION 25 CMT-STONE MICRO CEMENT 26

ABOUT COMPANY AKROS Company was founded in 2000 and has firmly estaыished itself as а reliaыe supplier and partner among the largest oil and gas production and drilling companies in Russia. ln 2013 AKROS entered into the fluids engineering business in Western Siberia. Company offer and successfully deliver standard drilling fluid systems for typical geological and technical conditions, as well as exclusive technologies providing solutions for specific proыems arising during drilling operations. MAIN BUSINESS LINE SOLUTIONS FOR OIL PRODUCTION, WORKOVER AND WELLS COMPLETION AKROS has designed a wide specter of technologies and services for oil production, workover and wells completion aimed to the improvement of work quality, reduction of well intervention periods, and mitigation of related risks. WELL KILL FLUIDS AND COMPLETION SOLUTIONS STIMULATION SOLUTIONS DRILLING FLUID SERVICES Professional service in development of optimal drilling fluid formulations considering the geological and technical conditions in агеа and regional features of drilling ENVIROMNMENTAL SOLUTIONS Services for minimizing and utilizing drilling wastes, including technolo-gies for slop-mud process-ing, reinjection of drilling waste into the reservoir, flocculant for recovering oil-based drilling fluids WATER INFLOW REDUCTION Proper bottomhole zone condition is directly dependent on the well completion quality, specifically, on the use of proper fluids that contain no solids, are characterized by high inhibiting ability and low corrosive properties. Well selected and justified completion solutions enhance oil production and make oil and gas field development more effective. The most important role in well servicing and workover belongs to sound selection of well killing fluids that makes it possible to prevent such problems as loss of circulation, oil and gas shows, well productivity loss in post-overhaul period as well as aggressive corrosive action on tools and downhole equipment. These technologies provide preservation of reservoir properties in the course of the above operations as well as technologically competent modelling of the formulation and technology selection processes and well productivity related servicing. Main stimulation solutions are acid compounds, innovative mixtures for modifying porosity & permeability properties of a reservoir, as well as compounds for bottomhole cleaning and permeability build-up. WORKOVER AND COMPLETION SOLUTIONS Range of technologies and services for soft well killing, workover and completion solutions to improve quality, shorten well workover time and reduce risks of drilling proыems SUPPLY OF SOLIDS CONTROL EQUIPMENT Advanced solids control technologies developed to optimize the drilling process: shale shaker, centrifuge, mud cleaners, degasssers, shale shaker screens etc. For water inflow reduction AKROS LLC offers product range of highly efficient compounds, having unique features, as well as compounds for use during interventions on reducing water inflow into the wells. Technologies are selected for each individual well based on the specific geological and engineering data, and the results of the specific field core studies, which makes it possible to most accurately model the actual underlying conditions. Well servicing support is provided by our engineering personnel with extensive well completion and workover experience. For the purpose of implementing our technologies at our Customer s facilities, AKROS will be willing to perform pilot tests on mutually beneficial terms and to provide the required amounts of chemicals for the designated number of jobs. 04 About company 05

06 WELL KILL FLUIDS AND COMPLETION SOLUTIONS

MEX-BLOCK WATER-BASED BLOCKING FLUID MEX-BLOCK is a mud system designed for well maintenance and for workover. MEX-BLOCK is an optimized mixture of polymers and acidsoluble plugging agents (colmatants), which enables to prepare appropriate mud compositions without any special equipment on the drilling site. This mud system prevents losses of killing fluids, it also prevents contamination of the bottom-hole area and enables to promptly place the well into operation after workover. MEX-BLOCK OB OIL-BASED BLOCKING FLUID MEX-BLOCK OB is a double-action reversible invert emulsion drilling fluid designed for completion of wells in hydrophilic conditions and for safe well killing. The system may be mixed with any oil base, including diesel fuel; it is designed for well completion in open hole conditions and for wells requiring prompt removal of mud cake from borehole for continuous production. MEX-BLOCK OB is able to convert hydrophobic conditions into hydrophilic conditions through ph adjustment. APPLICATION APPLICATION well maintenance or workover perforation killing several pay intervals characterized with different formation pressures killing wells after frac job when the bottom hole area is characterized with high permeability completion and workover in horizontal wells equipped with slotted bottom-hole filters in injection wells in case of rock swelling in wells with abnormally low reservoir pressure in carbonate formations where acid treatment is required in wells with hydrophobic reservoirs, where any additional water may negatively affect oil recovery in wells with complex completion bottom-hole assemblies, where mud should contain no solids ADVANTAGES reduction of intensive losses of kill fluids during workover operations mixing in the field conditions ability to adjust the composition and to provide optimal combinations of plugging agents (colmatants) based on the data related to formation permeability or to bottom-hole filter additional treatment with thermal stabilizers is recommended to maintain mud efficiency at temperatures above 100 С high concentrations of calcium chloride may be required to maintain proper mud parameters in calcium chloride drilling fluids MEX-BLOCK ОВ system is used to rectify implications related to any fluid losses when conducting workover in high-permeable and porous reservoirs by means of smooth gradual well killing. ADVANTAGES stable at extreme temperatures easy to mix prevention of any deterioration of the reservoir properties no additional costs for reclamation prevention of pay zone contamination when killing the well possibility to prepare well killing fluid with high density to 2,0 g/cm 3 it does not require special equipment easy destruction of mud cake wide range of densities 08 Well kill fluids and completion solutions 09

H-FLOW BRINE-BASED HEAVY-WEIGHT SYSTEM H-FLOW is a heavy-weight clay-free and calcium chloride based system with specific gravity above 1.36 g/cm 3. Special polymers allow maintaining clay-free, barite-free and calcium chloride-based drilling fluid. EZY-FLOW ACID-GENERATING COMPOUND EZY-FLOW is an acid-generating compound designed for undamaging acid treatment of the formation interval and consisting of the two basic components: EZE-SOLV FA precursor (white powder or colorless liquid), EZY-BUF activator (colorless liquid). APPLICATION ability to mix high-density drilling fluid with low content of solids minimal contamination of pay zone good inhibitive properties rheological properties of biopolymer mud are characterized with low plastic viscosity, non-progressive gel strengths and high values of viscosity at low shear rates ADVANTAGES early in production life of a well for formation fluids flows through the mud filter cake the aquifers are located close to each other (the initial drawdown needs to be limited to avoid an early water breakthrough) to achieve maximum completion performance (reduce risks associated with poor quality of completion) ADVANTAGES to achieve maximum contribution from the horizontal hole to production / utilize the whole planned production potential of a well use elaborate bottom-hole screens: multilayer mesh screens, small-size slotted screens and gravel pack obtain injectivity in a well before doing a multi-staged hydraulic fracturing job well-killing operations in the conditions with abnormally high formation pressures it is a good alternative to barite mud systems as it does not deteriorate the properties of the production interval reduced fluctuations of bottom-hole pressure reduced failures during well-killing operations ensures even treatment with full coverage of the horizontal borehole surface non-hazardous material: does not require any special equipment, causes no corrosion to the tools minimum environmental impact easy to mix and inject to a well no chance of adverse effect on the rock matrix no adverse effect on the cement stone and expensive bottomhole equipment 10 Well kill fluids and completion solutions 11

LIMEX FRESHWATER HEAVY-WEIGHT SYSTEM UNIBRINE HIGH-DENSITY KILLING FLUID The LIMEX system is a fresh water-based mud with lime designed for well-kill operations. The composition and properties of this system may vary dependent on the drilling and geological conditions. The system has been designed based on the experience with limebased systems in different regions. UNIBRINE is a mixture of various salts in a wide density range (1.4 to 2.0 g/cm3), optimally selected for specific field or reservoir. This system is designed for the preparation of heavy-weight killing fluids, perforation fluids and fluids to be used for other well work. APPLICATION APPLICATION The LIMEX system is optimal for well-killing operations in the conditions with abnormally high formation pressures. well maintenance or workover perforation AND ADVANTAGES completion and workover of wells with abnormally high reservoir pressure Dependent on the conditions, the LIMEX mud system may provide different advantages. When killing wells in the conditions with abnormally high formation pressures, the system can provide appropriate rheological properties in the environment with very high content of solids (including weighting agent). The system includes temperature resistant additives, which are not destroyed in high temperature conditions, providing stability of filtration and stability of rheological properties. The composition of the system can be optimized to improve gel strength properties when killing wells in the conditions with abnormally high formation pressures. This system is characterized with improved thixotropic properties with optimal content of fine mud solids (due to the absence of the build-up mud volumes) and with the use of colmatant and weighting agent. The use of modified composition of the lime-based mud provides the following unique characteristics: stable properties minimal thickness of mud cake high sedimentation stability thermal stability, >200 degrees reduced fluid-loss rates in fissured rocks ADVANTAGES no impact on the reservoir due to solids-free composition low corrosive activity low crystallization temperatures easy to mix 12 Well kill fluids and completion solutions 13

14 STIMULATION SOLUTIONS

PRA-FLOW PRA-FLOW acid compound represents a mixture of mineral acids with addition of surface active substances, corrosion inhibitors and various modifying components. It was developed for use in oil production stimulation processes of acid treatment of terrigenous reservoirs in producing oil and gas wells with the purpose of increasing reservoir productivity as well as for inflow stimulation for the wells which productivity was reduced due to inorganic clogging at the well bottomhole. This composition can be used in most of the waterbased solutions and mineralized mediums to be injected directly to the process cycle. It is prepared as a concentrate which can be diluted with fresh water to commercial concentration before application. Efficient concentration in the water solution is generally selected as 1:1 ratio by volume, depending on the required result, which affected by the factors like: mineral composition of rocks and deposits, desirable reaction rate and effective treatment depth, reservoir temperature and process solution composition. PI-FLOW PI-FLOW acid compound represents a mixture of mineral acids and organic acid with addition of surface active substances, corrosion inhibitors and various modifying components. It was developed for treatment of producing oil and gas wells in carbonate and low-permeable terrigenous reservoirs, as well as for large scale acid treatment of wells in carbonate reservoirs with the purpose of oil recovery enhancement. The compound combines properties of water-repellent agent for porous medium. This composition can be used in most of the water-based solutions and mineralized mediums, to be injected directly to the process cycle. It is prepared as a concentrate which can be diluted with fresh water to commercial concentration before application. Efficient concentration in the water solution is generally selected as 1:1 ratio by volume, depending on the required result, which affected by the factors like: mineral composition of rocks and deposits, desirable reaction rate and effective treatment depth, reservoir temperature and process solution composition. APPLICATION APPLICATION highly soluble in water without use of special-purpose equipment. Dilution time is no more than 10-15 minutes low rate of reaction with terrigenous rocks even at high temperatures to ensure deep penetration through the formation ability to stabilize diluted ferrous ions during dilution of ferrum containing rocks and sediments ability to efficiently prevent formation of stable high viscosity acid-oil emulsions high ability to penetrate the pore space of the perforated portions of the formation due to low interfacial tension at acid compound - oil boundary, high surface activity high solubility in respect of salts and petroleum hydrocarbons high dispersive ability in respect to asphalt, resin and paraffin deposits low corrosiveness effective dispersion of clays highly soluble in water without use of special-purpose equipment. Dilution time is no more than 10-15 minutes low rate of reaction with a carbonate rock to ensure deep penetration of the compound through the formation ability to stabilize diluted ferrous ions during dilution of ferrum containing rocks and sediments ability to efficiently prevent formation of stable high viscosity acid-oil emulsions high ability to penetrate the pore space of the perforated portions of the reservoir due to low interfacial tension at acid compound - oil boundary, high surface activity high solubility in respect of salts and petroleum hydrocarbons high dispersive ability in respect to asphalt, resin and paraffin deposits low corrosiveness 16 Stimulation solutions 17

FC-FLOW FC-FLOW acid compound represents a water-based solution of mineral and organic acids mixture in various concentrations with highly efficient special purpose additives and surfaceactive substances. It was developed for use in oil production stimulation processes for acid treatment of producing oil and gas wells in carbonate and terrigenous reservoirs with the purpose of increasing reservoir productivity and cleaning bottomhole against technogenic clogging. This composition can be used in most of the water-based solutions and in mineralized mediums to be injected directly to the process cycle. It is prepared as a concentrate which can be diluted with fresh water to commercial concentration before application. Efficient concentration in the solution is generally selected as 1:1 ratio by volume, depending on the required result, which affected by the factors like: mineral composition of rocks and deposits, desirable reaction rate and effective treatment depth, reservoir temperature and process solution composition. CROSS-FLOW CROSS-FLOW crosslinker represents a solution of aluminum salts in acid water base. Cross-linker for linear acid gel is used as a self-diverting acid component, gelified by cationic polymers. It was developed for use in oil production stimulation processes for acid treatment of producing oil and gas wells. This additive can be used in most of the water-based acid solutions and in mineralized mediums, to be injected directly to the process cycle and does not require special process equipment. Recommended efficient concentration in the acid compound systems is about 5 l per 1 m 3, depending on the required result, which affected by the factors like: solution ph and acid composition, crosslinking rate and required compound viscosity. highly soluble in water without use of special-purpose equipment. Dilution time is no more than 10-15 minutes low rate of reaction with a rock to ensure deep penetration through the formation ability to stabilize diluted ferrous ions during dilution of ferrum containing rocks and sediments ability to efficiently prevent formation of stable high viscosity acid-oil emulsions high ability to penetrate the pore space of the perforated portions of the reservoir due to low interfacial tension at acid compound - oil boundary, high surface activity high solubility in respect of salts and petroleum hydrocarbons high dispersive ability in respect to asphalt, resin and paraffin deposits low corrosiveness effective dispersion of clays and polymer remains ability to treat the solution without use of special process equipment highly soluble in water without use of special-purpose equipment; dilution time is no more than 10-15 minutes upon injection, creates temporary viscoelastic barrier which deflects fresh acid to the untreated low-permeability portions upon acid reaction in the reservoir, the compound is mixed with apparent viscosity of more than 16,000 cp upon completion of acid treatment, the barrier is destroyed upon reaching ph 4-5, facilitating further well stimulation 18 Stimulation solutions 19

SD-FLOW SD-FLOW water-alcohol solution of non-ionic surfactant (mono-alkylphenyl ethers of polyethylene glycol) of lightyellow to brown color. It is developed for use in the oil production stimulation processes for bottomhole treatment of injection and producing wells as technical cleaning agents for process equipment cleaning of oil, petroleum products, industrial lubricants remains as well as properties improving additive for cross-linked polymer compounds used for conformance control of injection wells and reducing watercut at the impact zone. This mixture can be used in most of the water-based solutions and in mineralized mediums to be injected directly to the process cycle and does not require special process equipment. Recommended efficient concentration in the solution is from 1% to 5% by volume, depending on the required result, which affected by the factors like: clogging type, required cleaning ability, interfacial tension value at the oil boundary. R-PRMA R-PRMA relative permeability modifying agent represents a hydrophobically modified hydrophylic polymer in wateralcohol solution. It was developed for application as water soluble agent designed for bottomhole treatment for producing wells with the purpose of reservoir properties modifying in respect of relative permeability changing increasing relative permeability for hydrocarbons and reducing relative permeability for water is used for water inflow shutoff along washed out interlayers in the reservoir. This agent is used upon mixing with water solutions and does not require special process equipment. It is prepared as a concentrate, which may be diluted by 2-5% KCl solution or other compatible treatment liquid before use and shall be injected into the reservoir at the injection rates and treatment pressures that do not exceed hydraulic fracturing pressures. Efficient concentration in the solution is generally selected within 2-10% range in volume, depending on the required result, which affected by the factors like: formation water salinity, porosity & permeability properties of the reservoir rocks, treatment volume. ability to treat the solution not using special process equipment highly soluble in water without use of special-purpose equipment; dilution time is no more than 10-15 minutes possibility to use SD-FLOW cleaning compound both individually and in composition with acid compounds for treatment of injection and producing wells and as plasticizer additive to cross-linked polymer compounds improves additional extraction of the remaining oil in the reservoir, breaking of stable water-oil emulsions in the bottomhole area, drilling equipment cleaning ability to prepare the solution not using special process equipment working solutions are prepared in the process tanks by dilution in fresh water; dilution time is no more than 10-15 minutes R-RPMA polymers are supporting coalescence and bridging both reservoir pores and natural cracks; this gel successfully blocks water channels with minimum reduction of permeability for oil availability of active substances in the compound allows to change the properties of the pore space of rocks and increase permeability for hydrocarbons high ability to penetrate the pore space of the perforated part of the formation due to low viscosity of solution, high surface activity 20 Stimulation solutions 21

22 WATER INFLOW REDUCTION

SWS-PLAST SWS-PLAST organic silicon water isolation compound is used for remedial water shut-off in oil and gas wells. SWS- PLAST is a system with low initial viscosity (3-5 cp), designed for the sealing low-permeability reservoirs and bottomhole strengthening. Water-based commercial compound solutions with diluting by 2-5 times are used for work performance. This allows to increase injection volume and decrease unit cost per 1 m 3 of the working solution. The system s curing time is controlled by dilution the compound is cured faster when there is less water. Diluting value is determined by the pour point time required according to the geological and physical conditions of the reservoir, mainly by the temperature and injectivity properties. Reinforcing fillers are added to the compound to increase adhesion and hardness of the compound, depending of the required result, like: requirements for isolation zone size, porosity & permeability properties of the reservoir, crossflow type. R-SEDFOR SEDFOR sedimentation agent with selective action represents a compound on the basis of water and mixture of sodium and triethanolamine soaps. Produced in two commodity types as a paste and as granules of brown color. It is designed for application in oil producing industry: upon injection to the well for oil production stimulation, water shutoff in the producing wells and for conformance control in injection wells. This agent can be used upon mixing with fresh water and does not require special process equipment. It is prepared as a concentrate which can be diluted with fresh water to commercial concentration before application. Efficient concentration in the solution is generally selected within 3-5% range in volume, depending on the required result, which affected by the factors like: formation water salinity, porosity & permeability properties of the reservoir rocks, treatment volume. selective action in case of undiluted commercial compound since hardening occurs only upon water impact in water saturated portions of the reservoir the compound can be cured by water with any salinity value full-scale curing and high chemical adhesion to the rocks. High isolating effect and ability to withstand high draw down pressures (more than 10 MPa) easy to prepare; standard machinery is used for carrying out operations low viscosity of working solutions and lack of solids in the compound allows to penetrate the low-permeable areas of the formation possibility to use in other compounds as base agent for adding reinforcing fillers ability to treat the solution without use of special process equipment working solutions of sedimentation compounds are prepared in the process tanks by dilution in fresh water; dilution time is no more than 10-15 minutes hydraulic resistances created in the formation by the reaction products, prevents water flow along the washout zones, that results in changing filtration flows in the direction of low-permeability oil-saturated portions of the reservoir high ability to penetrate the pore space of the perforated part of the formation due to low viscosity of solution, high surface activity solubility in oil 24 Water inflow reduction 25

CMT-STONE CMT-STONE superfine sulfate-resistant oil-well portland cement designed for well interventions. Content of particles of 3-5-micron size is no less than 95%, surface area is 900-1,000 m2/kg. CMT-STONE PLAST cement slurry plasticizer, reduced water quantity required for solution, increases mobility and spreadability, slows down setting time. CMT-STONE FLA loss reducing agent for cement slurries. It is used as additive for all the types of portland cement to improve strength and adhesion of the compounds, as well as standalone plugging material upon cementing jobs at the well and reservoirs shutoff. Due to ultra-small size of the particles, it has high capability to penetrate the reservoir rock. low viscosity of cement slurry high quality of penetration to the permeable medium increased isolating and penetration ability and increased strength of cement stones easy to manage technological properties of the cement slurry and composing agents suspended mixture has high fluidity comparable with water fluidity even upon minimum water-cement ratio (0.7) penetration ability of suspended mixture is comparable with dispersion-free cementitious systems (it penetrates micro gaps, micro cracks and low-permeability formations) it is a thixotropic material (increase of viscosity upon rest state and increase upon movement) cement stone has sufficient mechanical strength at low density, corrosion resistance and long service life during well operation 26

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