INDIAN SEED INDUSTRY SCENARIO RAJENDRA KAWADE & MOHAN BHISE INDIA

INDIAN SEED INDUSTRY SCENARIO RAJENDRA KAWADE & MOHAN BHISE INDIA

1.INDIA Area = 308 M.Ha Population =1.22 Billion Area under crops = 180.00 m Ha Rain fall = 150 5000 mm Season = 3 States =28 Union teritorey =7

In India, Food demand likely to nearly double from ~440 in 2007 to ~850 million metric tons in 2020 Demand Situation Global food demand 2x by 2020 Rising Income & education level demand for better food (The current high prices are an indicator) Meat consumption expected to increase rapidly (1 unit needs 5 units of crop output) Estimation of food demand Million metric tonnes 156.9 Cereals 1.8x 1.5x 235.3 202.2 109.8 Choice to increase production of food, fibre and feed to meet demand? Vegetable & Fruits Bring more land under cultivation Reduce wastages Storage & transportation Develop & deliver suitable high yielding seeds with Improved agronomic practices Improve yield / unit of resources i.e. land & Water 111.1 2.6x Milk 2.8x 11.6 270.2 30.1 SOURCE: Working paper no. 209; ICRIER; NSSO; interviews Meat/Fish/eggs

Better Seeds & Agronomy Crucial role in enhancing yield Seed Breeding + Biotechnology 250% Farm Practices 100% Land (-5%) Reduced Losses 20% 50% 80% Current Crop Production Future Crop Production

Indian Seed Industry From an essentially non existent seed industry half a century ago, it is now truly an industry involving thousands of farmer growers, hundreds of seed companies and public corporations, doing a multi billion dollar business

Key milestones in evolution of Indian Seed Industry National Seeds Corporation, 1963 Seed Act, 1966, Seed Rules, 1968, Seed Control Order, 1983 National Seed Projects (1975, 1981, 1988) Supported by World Bank 15 State Seed Corporations were established New Policy on Seed Development, 1988 National Seed Policy, 2002 Seed Bill 2004 / 2010

Indian Seed Industry: Foundation National Seeds Corporation National Seed Project Infrastructure Green Revolution Access to public research products Liberalization of policies

Indian Seed Industry: Public v/s Private Public institutions (NSC / SFCI / SSCs) rely on large volume / low value seeds of self pollinated crops (rice/wheat), where farmers can save seeds & therefore their need for seed replacement is governed by their ability to preserve genetic purity & quality Private entrepreneurs focuses on seeds of crops requiring seed replacement by farmers every year( Hybrid seeds)

Organizational Structure GOI Union Minister Minister of State Minister of State Secretary Agriculture and Co-operation Agriculture Secretaries Agriculture Commissioner Economic Statistical advisor Joint Secretaries Plant protection Advisor Horticulture commissioner

Organizational Structure State Minister Agriculture Director of Seed Certification State Minister Agriculture Principal Secretary Agriculture Commissioner Agriculture Director of Agriculture Divisional Joint Director of Agriculture District Superintendent Agriculture Officer Sub-divisional Agriculture Officer Taluka Agriculture Officer Circle Agriculture Officer Agriculture Supervisor Agriculture Assistant Maharashtra Council of Agriculture Research and Education Agriculture Universities

SEED PRODUCTION SYSTEM National Level : National Seed Corporation (NSC) & State Farm Corporation of India (SFCI) 14 State Seed Corporations in Public Sector 150-200 well established private Seed Companies with R&D 24 State Seed Certification Agencies(>500 Seed Certification Officers) SEED SCENARIO National Seed Policy open to all to take up seed production and distribution. ICAR and SAUs engaged in varietal development - seed production, maintenance breeding, supply of breeder seed to both Public and Private seed agencies. Public Sector catering to the food security needs through the less remunerative seed programme in High Volume Low Value seeds. 200 Private Seed Companies; one third with multinational linkages: mostly dealing with High Value Low Volume seeds / hybrids.

STRENGTH OF INDIAN SEED SECTOR > 6,500 varieties & hybrids of different crops -varied agro-climatic conditions registered in National catalogue Strong Network of Public & of Private stake holders. >110 Notified Seed Testing Laboratories 21 member and 6 ISTA accredited laboratories Establishment of NSRTC & PPV&FR Authority Established Seed Regulatory & Legislative frame works Proactive Government Policies and Programmes New Seed B ill/ National Seed Mission; member of OECD, ITPGRFA etc.,

Domestic market size of seeds in different countries Source: - International Seed federation/www.worldseed.org/2008

Foreign R&D Centres Foreign Centers in Seed Research 33 companies having R&D centres in sectors. Genetic diversity and good mix of heterogeneous market segments. Good mix heterogamous market segment. Export potential in tropical to subtropical to some extent temperate. changes in the stock of knowledge generate new techno-economic opportunities that stimulate and encourage the private sector to undertake developmental research Regulations, IPR

Lessons from current status The World of agriculture is undergoing major changes Biotechnology Traits Value Added Crops Value transfer between agrochemicals and seeds Global Consolidation of industry IP protection laws Technologies that are likely to come to India in the next ten years Herbicide Tolerance Drought Tolerance Nitrogen Use Efficiency Healthy Oils Higher Yield Feed Nutrition enhancement

Structure of Indian Seed Industry Indian seed market is one of the largest seed market, dominated by open pollinated seeds

Indian Seed Market Segment Values (Including Traits) Indian Seed Market 41% 25% 11% 4% 6% 2% 13% Cotton Rice Mustard (OP) 24% 10% 10% 54% Sunflower Grain Sorghum Corn Pearl Millet Private: Ag. Crops (Hy + OP) Private: Traits Private: Vegetable Seeds (Hy + OP) Public: Ag. Crops + Veg Seeds (Hy + OP) The chart above does not include the value of Farm Saved Seed (Commercial Sale) amounting to circa 85 Mio Source: Internal Estimates

Annual sale of seed Status of Indian Seed Industry Indian Seed Industry ranks 5th in domestic seed sales - turnover of 2000 million USD, next only to USA, China, France and Brazil. India`s rank in the World seed market has increased from 10 th position with value of 600 million USD in 2002 to fifth position with 2000 million USD in 2011. India`s share in Global seed export still lies less than 2%. Value of the seeds exported from India is around Rs.150 crores. This amounts to 0.35% of the world seed exports and 0.12% of the India s agricultural exports. World seed market is 42 billion USD -USA stands first with 12000 million USD.

Value of domestic seed markets (Top ten countries) March 2011. Value: USD million. Country U.S.A 12000 China 6000 France 2400 Brazil 2000 India 2000 Japan 1400 Germany 1261 Italy 780 Argentina 600 Canada 550 (Source: ISF) Domestic Market Value: USD million The commercial world seed market is assessed at U SD 4 2 billion.

Domestic Seed Market in Top Ten Countries (2010) Country USA 12,000 China 6,000 France 2,400 Brazil 2,000 India 2,000 Japan 1,400 Germany 1,260 Italy 780 Argentina 600 Canada 550 Value (m USD) Source: International Seed Federation, 2011

Indian Seed Industry

Potential FOR Indian seed Industry One of the largest NARS in the world. AICRP mode of development of varieties /production technologies. 86 Notified seed testing Labs functional. Private sector expanding rapidly particularly in hybrid seeds. About 500 large and medium sized private seed companies many of them having own R & D. Strong seed production and distribution system. Seed law enforcement Agencies in place.

1.INDIA MARKET INFORMATION fig are in Million tons Food grains = 218.11 Oil seeds = 24.88 Cotton = 24.02 Jute & Mesta = 11.82 Other cash crops = 292.30 Vegetable =146.54 Fruits =74.877

INDIA VEGETABLE MARKET SIZE (1U$ =RS55) No 작물 단가 / Kg F1 Hybrid O/P 총금액 RS U$ Q'ty(KG) MU$ Q'ty(KG) MU$ (U$) 1 Hot Pepper 22,000 440 68,000 2 31.0 점유율 (%) 500,000 5 36.0 19.45 Tomato( 우기 ) 20,000 400 51,000 27.5 130,000 1 35.1 18.97 Tomato( 여름 ) 55,000 1,100 5000 6.6 3 Okra 1100 22 750,000 16.5 650,000 2 18.5 10.0 4 Cauliflower 22,000 440 40,000 17.7 145,000 3 16.7 9.02 5 Cucumber 10,750 215 55,000 12 130,000 1 13 7.02 6 All Gourd 2500 50 280,000 14.0 245,000 2 12 6.48 7 Cabbage 9,000 180 54,500 10 50,000 1 11 5.94 8 Water Melon 5,000 100 110,000 11 70,000 1 9 4.86 9 Radish 375 7.5 265,000 3.6 950,000 2 5.6 3.02 10 Sweet Pepper 42,000 840 2,750 2 32,000 2 4 2.16 11 Egg Plant 3,750 75 60,000 4.5 100,000 1 4 2.16 12 Sweet Melon 10,000 200 9,250 2 50,000 1 3 1.62 13 Carrot 7500 170 20,000 3.3 120,000 1. 4 3.25 1.75 14 Beans 200 4 500,000 2 2 1.08 15 Other 8 6 14 7.56 TOTAL 170 31 201 100

No Company wise Sale Turn Over Man Power Company Main Crop 10MRS MU$ Top Level 1st Level 2nd Level 3rdLevel Remark 1 Syngenta 140 27.0 TO, H.P, CF, W.M 8 12 60 145 2 Nunhems 125 24.0 TO,OK, H.P.W.M 5 15 48 130 3 Seminis 125 24.0 CU, H.P, CA.CF 5 8 50 125 4 Mahyco 80 15.0 H.P,E.P, OK 5 10 45 90 5 Golden-Adv. 60 11.0 CF, CA 2 12 55 70 6 Namdhari 50 10.0 TO, H.P, W.M 1 5 12 40 7 U.S.Agri 70 13.0 TO, H.P, OK 3 12 38 80 8 Sungro 40 8.0 RA, GO, E.P 1 4 10 30 9 Indo-America 40 8.0 H.P, TO 1 4 15 30 10 Ankur Seeds 20 4.0 H.P,E.P, OK 2 12 40 65 11 Century 30 6.0 CA, GO, H.P 1 5 10 15 12 Tokita 16 3.0 CA 2 8 32 24 13 J.K. Seeds 16 3.0 TO.OK 1 12 30 60 14 Krishidhan 10 2.0 H.P, GO 2 15 42 55 15 Bio- Seeds 40 8.0 OK,CU 2 8 25 60 HP : Hot Pepper TO : Tomato CA : Cabbage CF : Cauliflower OK : Okra GO : Gourd CU : Cucumber EP : Egg Plant CR : Carrot RA : Radish 16 Vibha 16 3.0 H.P.GO,OK 1 10 30 70 17 VNR Seeds 40 8.0 H.P, OK, GO 1 7 30 55 18 Neejuveedu 20 4.0 H.P,TO 1 10 28 60 19 Sakata 20 4.0 CA, CF 5 12 20 20 NONGWOO 10 2.0 HP, CU, CA,CR,RA 1 5 5 7 21 Rasi Seeds 12 2.4 GO.H.P, OK 1 10 25 65 22 Others 52 10.0 Total 1050 201

R&D Strength Company wise in India No Company Crop No of Breede r R &D Farm Trial Farm. Remark 1 Syngenta WM, TO, PE, OK,CF, SC 7 2 5 2 Nunhems HP(2), TO(2), CU, GO, WM, ME, OK, ON, CA, CF, EP 15 2 6 3 Seminis HP, TO, CF, OK 4 3 6 4 Mahyco OK.EP, GO,HP 5 2 6 5 Golden-Adv. CA, CF, TO, EP, GO 6 2 5 6 Namdhari GO, TO, WM, HP, ME 5 2 2 7 U.S.Agri TO, CU, HP, GO, OK 6 2 5 8 Sungro HP, EP, GO, CA 2 2 2 9 I.A HP, TO, SP 4 2 3 10 Ankur Seeds EP, HP, GO, CU, BE 5 1 5 11 Century 2 1 2 12 Tokita GO, HP, TO, EP 5 2 2 13 J.K. Seeds TO, OK, EP, GO, HP 5 1 3 14 Krishidhan HP, TO, EP, OK, GO 5 1 2 15 Bio- Seeds GO, OK, HP, TO 5 1 3 16 Vibha CA? 1 5 17 VNR Seeds HP, EP, GO, OK, TO 6 1 3 18 Neejuveedu GO, WM, CU, TO, HP, EP, CF 7 2 5 19 Sakata?? 1? 20 NONGWOO HP, TO 2 1 1 21 Rasi Seeds GO, HP, EP, TO. OK, 6 1 3 HP : Hot Pepper TO : Tomato CA : Cabbage CF : Cauliflower OK : Okra GO : Gourd CU : Cucumber EP : Egg Plant CR : Carrot RA : Radish ON : Onion ME : Melon SC : Sweet Corn

Climate Change and Seed Production Agriculture is highly climate sensitive and so is the seed production Due to climate change there may be uncertainty about the adaptation of cultivars. Potential adverse changes in temperature, precipitation and the frequency of extreme events (for example, droughts, heat waves, floods) are likely to increase the vulnerability of crop and seed production. Due to changes in weather conditions, it is expected that crop yield and consequently seed yield shall decrease.

Suggestions : Climate change Mitigation: I Germplasm Re- assess/evaluate the performance of GP under a variety of climatic conditions. Traits like *heat tolerant *flood tolerant *drought tolerant * salinity tolerant *lodging resistant etc are useful to with stand the adverse effects of climate change. Use them in crop breeding program

Challenges in Seed Production Seed Production in coming decades should be different from the past It has to be more efficient. The emphasis should be increased yield per unit area of land rather than per plant Good genetics, Seed technology and new technologies like biotechnology will be useful in mitigating the impact of climate change. The agriculture sector has survived the yield plateau crisis due to the successful application of transgenic technology.

Challenges in Seed Production It may be worthwhile to research on alternate areas of seed production in some important crops like: 1. Cotton 2. Maize 3. Hybrid Paddy 4. Vegetables Mitigation of surface warming through leaf albedo biogeoengineering is being seen as a possible method to tackle canopy warming. It can be achieved by genetic modification of plant leaf waxes or canopy structure to achieve greater temperature reduction by maximizing solar reflectivity.

Conclusion Climate change has probably already begun Mean surface temperature is expected to rise by 1.5 to 3.5 C by 2100. It will lead to the uncertainties about the adaptation of cultivars. It is expected that food production and seed production shall decline. It may influence the top and bottom line of seed industries Therefore suitable breeding and technological strategies should be in place to mitigate/negate its effect

Quality Seed is the foundation for Tomorrow s Healthy Peaceful & Prosperous India THANK YOU 34