FCEV Development at GM: Status and Focus George P. Hansen Director, Communications General Motors Japan Innovation for Cool Earth Forum October 7&8, 2015 1
Overview GM Advanced Propulsion Strategy Role of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology Update of Project Driveway Vehicles Continued operation since 2007 GM Fuel Cell Technology Where we came from, Where we are going Focus of Advanced Development Collaboration OEM & OEM OEM & Suppliers Conclusions 2
GM Advanced Propulsion Strategy Role of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology Update of Project Driveway Vehicles Continued operation since 2007 GM Fuel Cell Technology Where we came from, Where we are going Focus of Advanced Development Collaboration OEM & OEM OEM & Suppliers Conclusions 3
Sustainable Supply Regulation Globalization CO 2 Population Growth Urbanization 4
Application Map Meeting Customer Needs There is no single silver bullet High Load Stop-and-go Duty Cycle Drive Cycle Continuous Light Load City Intra-urban Highway-cycle Highway Battery & Fuel Cell Technologies are both required within the portfolio 5
Chevrolet Bolt Concept Vehicle 6
Chevrolet Volt Gen 1 Gen 2 1 st Generation (Since 2010) 1.2B Total Miles Driven 0.7B EV Miles Driven Saved 35M Gallons of Gasoline Averaged >900 mi between Fill-ups 2 nd Generation (2016) Announced Jan 2015 at NAIAS 50 mi Pure EV Range 400 mi Total Range Expect 1,000 mi between Fill-ups 7
Why Hydrogen and Fuel Cells? Better, more compelling vehicles Competitive driving range Short refuel time Enhanced Driving Dynamics (electric drive) More freedom to create innovative designs Flexibility in the source of Hydrogen Natural Gas, Water, Organic Waste, Biomass, Zero Petroleum Use, Zero Tailpipe & Greenhouse Gas Emissions Fuel Cells are Twice as Efficient as Typical Gasoline Engine Sustainability: A Future Built on Renewable Energy 8
GM Advanced Propulsion Strategy Role of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology Update of Project Driveway Vehicles Continued operation since 2007 GM Fuel Cell Technology Where we came from, Where we are going Focus of Advanced Development Collaboration OEM & OEM OEM & Suppliers Conclusions 9
GM s Hydrogen Fuel Cell Milestones 1964 to 2020+ 2013 Cars with 125,000 miles Fleet approaching 3 ¼ M miles 10
GM s Hydrogen Fuel Cell History CHEVROLET EQUINOX FUEL CELL Inception Fully Functional Vehicle 11
GM Project Driveway Vehicle Deployment Real World Experience First dynamic load following FC vehicle (HydroGen 1 2000) Project Driveway deployed in 2007, with intended 2-year life >80,000 applicants, over 6,500 drivers Refueling challenges addressed, from technology perspective 3 minute refills achieved with 700 bar gaseous hydrogen Cold operation demonstrated through 6 full winters (-25C) Deployed globally Cars deployed: U.S., Germany, China, Japan, Korea, & Canada Substantial Durability / Reliability progress GM is operating World s largest fuel cell vehicle fleet Almost 3 ¼ MILLION accumulated miles Individual vehicles exceeding 125,000 miles Performance proven in customer s hands Durability capability being demonstrated in laboratory Power density & overall powertrain size improved Satisfying automotive targets 12
GM Advanced Propulsion Strategy Role of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology Update of Project Driveway Vehicles Continued operation since 2007 GM Fuel Cell Technology Where we came from, Where we are going Focus of Advanced Development Collaboration OEM & OEM OEM & Suppliers Conclusions 13
Fuel Cell Technology Opportunity & Challenges Regulations Efficiency Energy Diversity Development Costs Vehicle Cost Operating Cost Vehicle Sales High FCEV Sales Needed to Impact Energy & Environment 14
Fuel Cell Technology Opportunity & Challenges Regulations Efficiency Energy Diversity Development Costs Vehicle Cost Operating Cost Vehicle Sales High FCEV Sales Needed to Impact Energy & Environment 15
Regulatory Requirements Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Requirements 2018-25 Zero Emissions Vehicles (ZEV) are mandated for California + 9 States (mostly in Northeast) Only two options exist for minimum ZEV requirement: FCEVs and/or BEVs - (Not CNG, Not PHEV/EREV) Requirements increase each model year FCEVs, with travel provision, are most effective ZEV credit generator FCEVs (350-mile) earn 4 credits in 2018+ timeframe vs. 1.5 credits for 100-mile BEV Travel provision helps address lack of H2 refueling infrastructure Fuel cells are most effective ZEV credit generator Fuel cells also provide significant CAFE &CO 2 benefits @ higher volumes BEV (100 mi) FCEV (350 mi) MY Travel Credit 15-17 Yes 3 18-25 No* 1.5 15-17 Yes 9 18-25 Yes 4 Unadjusted City Miles * = No BEV travel after 2017 16
Efficiency: FCEV vs. ICE Vehicle 50 45 Tank to Wheel Efficiency [%] 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 Initial FCEV Equinox Typical AWD Vehicle 5 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Vehicle Velocity [km/h] FCEV advantage is largest at moderate power & speed where most real world driving occurs 17
Energy Diversity Blending Strategy Energy Resource Conversion Energy Carrier Propulsion System Oil (Conventional) Petroleum Fuels Biofuels Liquid Fuels Conventional ICE: Gasoline/Diesel Oil (Non-Conventional) Biomass Synthetic fuels (XTL) Syngas CO, H 2 Regional Niche Gaseous Fuels (e.g. CNG) Regional Niche ICE ICE Hybrid Natural Gas Coal Renewables (Solar, Wind, Hydro) Electricity Plug-In Hybrid ICE Range-Extended EV: IC Engine/Fuel-Cell Battery Electric Battery Electrification Nuclear Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Electric 18
GM Advanced Propulsion Strategy Role of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology Update of Project Driveway Vehicles Continued operation since 2007 GM Fuel Cell Technology Where we came from, Where we are going Focus of Advanced Development Collaboration OEM & OEM OEM & Suppliers Conclusions 19
Fuel Cell Technology Opportunity & Challenges Regulations Efficiency Energy Diversity Development Costs Vehicle Cost Operating Cost Vehicle Sales High FCEV Sales Needed to Impact Energy & Environment 20
The Fuel Cell Challenge Crossing the Valley of Death 21
Crossing the Valley of Death What does it take? Development Focus Minimize depth of valley via Collaborations 22
Honda-GM Collaboration Fuel Cell & Hydrogen Storage 23
Collaboration on Key Systems Fuel Cell System & Hydrogen Storage System Fuel Cell System (FCS) Fuel Cell Stack Balance of Plant components (Turbo Compressor / Humidifier, etc.) Control Module (and algorithms) H 2 Storage 700 bar pressure vessel HSS components (Valves, Regulator, Receptacle) Focused on Research, Advanced Engineering & Manufacturing Engineering 24
Fuel Cell System Cost Perspective Opportunity to achieve significant cost reduction through use of common balance of plant components Cost challenge shifted to other stack & system components - Primary system cost no longer Pt 25
Pragmatic Perspective From the OEM Perspective OEM perspective Cost, Learning Cycles, & Scale are Focus Must develop efficiently avoid making valley of death deeper Must drive material costs down Must progress rapidly through multiple learning cycles Must leverage scale economies as early as possible Collaboration & Communization are Enablers Common Component or Subsystem Multiple OEM FC Vehicles 26
Honda-GM Collaboration Single Fuel Cell System Designed for Lowest Cost Primary Focus is Cost Reduction Exceed customer expectations Enable broader commercialization Companies working as One Team One single, integrated team Working across 3 countries Japan, U.S. and Germany Building on the best ideas One Common System with jointly agreed core and technical targets Focused technology development capable of 2020 production 2020 Capable Fuel Cell System + Hydrogen Storage System 27
Supplier Selection Technology leaders with a focus on cost reduction Cost & Technology transparency enable system optimization for cost Co-operation + Competition = Co-opetition phase of industry Higher volumes & faster commercialization Faster component/material standardization Balance OEM requirements & drive to common component OEM1 OEM2 28
Supplier Role for Common Components Maximize total value through common requirements Suppliers Play Critical Role in Driving Common Components Best position to identify common design & hardware opportunities Capable to quantify OEM-specific cost of unique requirements Capable to work effectively with multiple OEM s Customization only for low-cost, OEMspecific requirements OEM2 OEM1 OEM Multiple OEM FC Vehicles 29
GM Advanced Propulsion Strategy Role of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology Update of Project Driveway Vehicles Continued operation since 2007 GM Fuel Cell Technology Where we came from, Where we are going Focus of Advanced Development Collaboration OEM & OEM OEM & Suppliers Conclusions 30
Crossing the Valley of Death How does OEM collaboration help? OEM Collaboration Innovation & Faster Learning Cycles Standardized Designs Combined Volume for Earlier Scale Component Reuse Common Suppliers Non-automotive Applications 31
Crossing the Valley of Death, with Partner(s) OEM Collaborations & Supplier Partnerships Help Mitigate Valley of Death 32
Thank You 33