Plastic Pipe Materials, Joining, Installation, & Other Considerations
Some of the pipe that you may see? Around the late 1950 s to early 2000 s Thermoplastics
Plastic Materials Must Meet: ASTM D-2513 (Thermoplastic) (1999 Edition pipe materials) (1987 Edition - marking) (2009a) all PE Polyethylene ASTM D-2517 (Thermoset) (2000 Edition)
Thermosetting (Fiberglass)
Thermoplastic Pipe Materials Acrylonitrilc-Butadiene-Styrene Cellulose-Acetate-Butyrate Poly Butylene Polyethylene Polyvinyl-Chloride Polyamide (ABS) (CAB) (PB) (PE) (PVC) (PA)
Polyethylene Medium Density 2406 2708 High Density 3408 4710
"Grades" of Polyethylene Refers to Physical Properties Tensile Strength Elongation Temperature Brittleness Environmental Stress Crack Resistance
Polyethylene "Types" Type Nominal Density Range I 0.910-0.925 Low II 0.926-0.940 Medium III 0.941-0.959 High IV 0.960 - Higher High
Long Term Hydrostatic Strength Material Designation ABS 1210 CAB MH08 PB 2110 PE 2406 PE 3408 Polyamide (Yellow) Polyamide (Black) PVC 1120/1220 Thermosetting HDB @ 23 C (73 F) 2,000 1,600 2,000 1,250 1,600 2,500 3,150 4,000 11,000
Marking Designations First Two Digits (47) Grade of Material Second Two (10) Half of HDB @ 73 F Letters C Temp. (140 F ) E Carbon Black & UV From ASTM D2513-2009(a) Edition (D-3350)
TABLE 1 Polyethylene Compound Requirements Pipe Material Designation Code PE 2708 PE 4710 Density Cell Classification per Specification D3350 2 4 SCG Resistance Cell Classification per Specification 7 7 D3350 HDS for water at 73 F (23 C) per Test Method D2837 800 (5.5) 1000 (6.9) and PPI TR-3, psi (MPa) Color and UV Stabilizer Code per Specification C or E C or E D3350 Melt flow rate per Test Method D1238, g/10 min 0.40 Cond. 190/2.16 or 20 Cond. 190/21.6 0.15 Cond. 190/2.16 or 20 Cond. 190/21.6 HDB at 73ºF (23ºC) per Test Method D2837 and PPI TR-3, psi (MPa) Minimum HDB at 140ºF (60ºC) per Test Method D2837 and PPI TR-3, psi (MPa) 1250 (8.6) 1600 (11.0)
192.121 Design of Plastic Pipe P=2s (t / D-t) x 0.32 P=(2s / SDR-1) x 0.32 (seldom used) (most used) P = Design Pressure (psi) S = Long-term Hydrostatic Strength (HDB) D = Specified Outside Diameter t = Specified Minimum Wall Thickness SDR = Outside Diameter / Wall Thickness
192.121 Design of Plastic Pipe PA-11 Pipe Design Factor P=2s (t / D-t) x 0.40 P=(2s / SDR-1) x 0.40 (seldom used) (most used) = 0.40 for (Only) PA-11 pipe produced after January 23, 2009 with a nominal pipe size (IPS or CTS) 4-inch or less, and a SDR of 11 or greater (i.e. thicker pipe wall).
192.123 Design Limitations a) Design Pressure 100 psig for: Distribution Systems Class 3 and 4 Locations But stay tuned
192.123 Design Limitations b) Temperature Requirements Cannot Go Below - 40 F (if all components are approved for this) Cannot Go Above Long-Term Hydrostatic Test Strength (140 F)
Variation in Soil Temperatures Three Feet Below the Surface, ºF Location January April July Massachusetts 36 42 60 Michigan 38 43 60 Washington 37 44 61 Illinois 41 46 66 Nebraska 38 43 68 Kentucky 40 50 70 Colorado (Plains) 35 44 65 Alabama 51 61 79 Mississippi 57 70 80 Texas (Panhandle) 42 55 75 Texas (South) 62 66 80 Oklahoma 48 60 78
192.123 Design Limitations e) Design Pressure 125 psig for: Pipe Produced after 07/14/04 PE 2406 2708 or 3408 4710 per ASTM D-2513 09a Nominal Pipe Size is 12 inches or less Per Amendment 192-94
192.123 Design Limitations f) Design Pressure 200 psig for Polyamide 11 (PA-11): Pipe produced after 01/23/09 Nominal pipe size is (IPS or CTS) 4-inch or less Pipe is SDR-11 or greater (i.e., thicker pipe wall) Per Amendment 192-108
Subpart F Applies to all joints except steel welding
Joining of Materials Other Than By 192.273 General Welding b) Each Joint Must Be Made In Accordance With Written Procedures Procedures Must Be Proven By Test c) Each Joint Must Be Inspected
General Requirements For Plastic Pipe A) Plastic Pipe May NOT be Joined by THREADED or MITER Joints Solvent Cements (PVC) - ASTM D 2513 Heat Fusion Joints (PE) Must be joined by a device which holds the ends aligned and heats uniformly
Can't Do This or This
General Requirements For Plastic Pipe (cont.) Adhesive Joints (Fiberglass) ASTM D 2517 Mechanical Joints (All Plastic) Gasket Compatible with Plastic Rigid Internal Tubular Stiffener
Mechanical Fitting Types By Category Classification 1. Those That Provide Pressure Seal and Restraint Equal to Forces That Cause Pipe Yield. 2. Those That Provide Pressure Seal and Restraint Equal to Forces Generated by Temperature Changes. 3. Those That Provide Pressure Seal Only.
Mechanical Joints Necessary measures must be employed to prevent pullout
Qualifying Joining Procedures 192.283(a)Written Joining Procedures Must Be Qualified By Testing Heat Fusion, Solvent Cement, and Adhesive Joints Burst Tests Per ASTM D2513 or ASTM D2517(Sustained Pressure or Quick Burst)
Qualifying Joining Procedures (cont.) 192.283(a)Written Joining Procedures Must Be Qualified By Testing Heat Fusion, Solvent Cement, and Adhesive Joints Destructive Test for Lateral Connections Tensile Test (ASTM D638) for Non-Lateral Connections Electrofusion (ASTM F1055)
Qualifying Joining Procedures (cont.) 192.283(a)Written Joining Procedures Must Be Qualified By Testing Mechanical Joints Subject Five Specimens to Tensile Test (ASTM D638) Specimen Must Fail Outside of the Joint Written Procedures Must Be Available to Persons Making and Inspecting Joints
Qualifying Persons To Make Joints 192.285 (A) Person Must Be Qualified Under Joining Procedure Training or Experience; and Make a Specimen Joint
Qualifying Persons To Make Joints (cont.) B) Specimen Joint Check Visually Examined (Compared to Photos of Acceptable Joints); and Subjected to Testing per 192.283(a) (Burst or Sustained Pressure); or
Qualifying Persons To Make Joints (cont.) Ultrasonic Test; or Cut Straps (Visual Examination and Deform)
Qualifying Persons to Make Joints (cont.) Retesting Required If: Person Doesn't Join in Twelve Months; or 3 or 3% Joints Found Unacceptable (Under Test as Required by 192.513) Records Must be Kept.
192.287 Inspection of Joints No Person May Inspect Joints Unless That Person Has Been Qualified By Training or Experience.
Additional Concerns
192.193 Installation of Valves Plastic Valves Must Be Installed to Prevent Torsional, Shearing, and Secondary Stresses.
192.311 Repair of Plastic Pipe Each Imperfection or Damage That Would Impair the Serviceability of Plastic Pipe Must Be Repaired or Removed. 10% practice in O&M
192.321 Installation Of Plastic Pipe a) Plastic Pipe Must be Installed Below Ground (exceptions in g & h). 2 years? b) Plastic Installed in Vaults and Other Below Ground Enclosures Must Be Encased in Gas- Tight Metal Pipe and Fittings Protected From Corrosion. c) Shear or Tensile Stresses Must Be Minimized.
192.321 Subpart G
192.321 Installation of Plastic Pipe (d) Minimum Wall Thickness.090" O.D. of.875 (7/8) May Be.062 (e) Plastic pipe that is not encased must have an electrically conducting wire or other means of locating the pipe while it is underground. Tracer wire may not be wrapped around the pipe and contact with the pipe must be minimized but is not prohibited. Tracer wire or other metallic elements installed for pipe locating purposes must be resistant to corrosion damage, either by use of coated copper wire or by other means.
192.321 Installation Of Plastic Pipe (f) Leading Ends Must Be Sealed Before Insertion.
192.321 Installation Of Plastic Pipe (g) Uncased plastic pipe may be temporarily installed above ground level under the following conditions: (1) The operator must be able to demonstrate that the cumulative aboveground exposure of the pipe does not exceed the manufacturer's recommended maximum period of exposure or 2 years, whichever is less.
192.321 Installation Of Plastic Pipe (h) Plastic pipe may be installed on bridges provided that it is: (1) Installed with protection from mechanical damage, such as installation in a metallic casing; (2) Protected from ultraviolet radiation; and (3) Not allowed to exceed the pipe temperature limits specified in 192.123.
192.375 Service Lines: Plastic a) Plastic Above Ground and Outside of Buildings Must: Be Protected Against Deterioration and External Damage Plastic Cannot Support External Loads
Plastic Can't Support Loads
192.375 Service Lines: Plastic b) Plastic Inside a Building Must Be Protected Against External Damage
Storage of Plastic
Storage of Plastic
ASTM D2513-99 A1. Supplemental Requirements for Gas Pressure Pipe and Fittings Produced from Polyethylene (PE) Material: A1.5.7 Outdoor Storage Stability: PE pipe stored outdoors and unprotected for at least two years from date of manufacture shall meet all the requirements of this specification. PE pipe stored outdoors for over two years from date of manufacture is suitable for use if it meets the requirements of this specification.
Handling of Plastic Bend Radius should be no less than 20x's pipe outside diameter
Squeeze Off s
Static Electricity
Recommended Practice
Odorant Softens Poly
The End Questions?