CHAPTER III CENTRAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATION

CHAPTER III CENTRAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATION 3.1. The Central Statistical Organisation (CSO) is responsible for coordination of statistical activities in the country and evolving & maintaining statistical standards. Its activities include National Income Accounting, conduct of Annual Survey of Industries, Economic Censuses and its follow up surveys, compilation of Index of Industrial Production, Consumer Price Indices for Urban Non- Manual Employees, Human Development Statistics and Gender Statistics, imparting training in Official Statistics, Five Year Plan Work relating to Development of Statistics in the States and Union Territories, Dissemination of Statistical Information, work relating to Trade, Energy, Construction and Environment Statistics, revision of National Industrial Classification, etc. 3.2. A Director General, who is assisted by 3 Additional Director Generals, 4 Deputy Director Generals, Directors & Joint Directors and other supporting officials, heads the CSO. The CSO is located at New Delhi. The work pertaining to Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) is carried out at the Industrial Statistics Wing of the CSO (CSO-IS Wing), located at Kolkata. Coordination of Statistical Activities 3.3. The Plan and State Statistics Unit coordinates statistical activities of the CSO and provides a liaison with Central Government Departments, State Governments and other Statistical Agencies. 3.4. In fulfilling its coordinating role, the CSO participates in the inter-departmental meetings of the Working Groups, Technical Advisory Committees, Standing Committees constituted by the Central Ministries/ Departments in subject areas of their concern with a view to ensuring adoption of statistical standards, minimizing duplication of efforts and for promoting quality and timeliness of data. The CSO also participates in the meetings of the high-level statistical coordination committees of the State Governments, which review activities related to statistical data generation and dissemination. 3.5. The CSO continued to coordinate the activities in the field of statistics in different States/ UTs and Central Ministries/ Departments. The CSO ensures coordination of statistical activities by holding the Conference of Central and State Statistical Organisations (COCSSO) once in two years. The12 th meeting of the COCSSO was organized in June 2002 to discuss the implementation of the recommendations of the National Statistical Commission. A Standing Committee also exists to assist the follow up action on the recommendations/ suggestions made by the COCSSO. The Standing Committee was reconstituted on 7.6.2002 under the chairmanship of DG,CSO. 3.6. The Plan and State Statistics Unit is responsible for bringing out the following ad hoc publications: (i) (ii) (iii) Guide to Official Statistics Directory of Statistics, India Statistical System in India

National Accounts 3.7. Preparation of national accounts, as well as publication of annual estimates of national product, government/ private final consumption expenditure, capital formation and saving along with consolidated accounts of the nation and detailed accounts of the public sector transactions are the important activities of the National Accounts Division of the CSO. The other activities undertaken by the Division are: (i) preparation of quarterly estimates of gross domestic product (GDP) at current and constant prices; (ii) estimation of capital stock and consumption of fixed capital; (iii) estimation of state level gross capital formation of supra-regional sectors of railways, communication, banking and insurance, and central government administration; and (iv) preparation of comparable estimates of state domestic product (SDP) at current prices for use of the Finance Commission and the Planning Commission. 3.8. The annual publication 'National Accounts Statistics 2002 giving estimates of the national /domestic product, private final consumption expenditure, saving, capital formation, capital stock, public sector transactions and consolidated accounts of the nation for the period 1993-94 to 2000-01 was brought out during the year. This publication also included the estimates of factor incomes for the years 1993-94 to 1999-2000; Revised Advance Estimates of National Income for the year 2001-02; macro economic aggregates for the years 1950-51 to 2000-01 both at current and constant (1993-94) prices; domestic product from livestock sector for the years 1993-94 to 2000-01; and Quarterly Estimates of the GDP for the period 1997-98 to 2001-02. For the first time, the publication included the estimates of exports, imports and private final consumption expenditure at constant (1993-94) prices. 3.9. The CSO released the Press Note on Advance Estimates of National Income for the year 2002-03 on 7th February 2003. According to this Press Note, the GDP at constant (1993-94) prices during the year 2002-03 is expected to register a growth rate of 4.4 per cent. 3.10. Quick Estimates of National Income and related aggregates for 2001-02 at current and constant prices were released on 31st January 2003, highlighting the behaviour of the economy during the year. In real terms, the economy achieved a growth of 5.6 per cent in the GDP during 2001-02, as against the growth rate of 4.4 per cent during 2000-01. The rate of gross domestic saving and the rate of gross domestic capital formation at current prices during 2001-02 were 24.0 per cent and 23.7 per cent, respectively. The corresponding rates during 2000-01 were 23.4 per cent and 24.0 per cent. 3.11. During the financial year 2002-03, the CSO released the GDP estimates for the quarters ending March 2002, June 2002, September 2002 and December 2002, with a time lag of 3 months. 3.12. The CSO also prepared the comparable estimates of gross and net state domestic product (GSDP/ NSDP), by economic activities for the year 1999-2000, for each State/ UT, after detailed discussions with the representatives of State Directorates of Economics and Statistics (DESs). These estimates were made available to the Finance Commission and the Planning Commission. 3.13. The CSO prepared the State-wise estimates of GSDP and NSDP, both at current and constant (1993-94) prices for four supra-regional sectors, viz. railways, communication, banking and insurance, and central Governments administration for the years 1993-94 to 2000-01 and made them available to the States for incorporation in the SDP estimates.

3.14. The estimates of gross fixed capital formation for four supra regional sectors, viz. Railways, Communication, Banking and Insurance, and Central Governments Administration for the year 1999-2000 were prepared and made available to the States. 3.15. In pursuance of the NSC recommendations, the CSO is required to provide technical leadership, guidance and co-ordination in the compilation of National/ Regional Accounts to the States. Accordingly, the CSO conducted six regional training-cum-workshops on regional accounts during the year, at: Shimla, Himachal Pradesh for the northern states/ UTs of Chandigarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Punjab (26-30 August 2002). Guwahati, Assam for the north eastern states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura (9-13 September 2002). Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala for the southern states/ UTs of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshdweep, Pondicherry and Tamil Nadu (23-27 September 2002) Goa for the western states of Goa, Daman and Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Gujarat and Maharashtra (7-11 October 2002) Raipur, Chattisgarh for the newly formed states, namely, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand and Uttaranchal (21-25 October 2002). New Delhi for rest of the states and UTs, namely, Bihar, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal (11-15 November 2002) Industrial Statistics 3.16. The work relating to Industrial Statistics falls under three categories viz. (i) Annual Survey of Industries, (ii) Index of Industrial Production, and (iii) Standardisation of Industrial Classifications. Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) 3.17. The Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) is the principal source of industrial statistics in India. It provides statistical information to assess and evaluate, objectively and realistically, the change in the growth, composition and structure of the organised manufacturing sector, comprising activities relating to manufacturing processes, repair services, generation and transmission of electricity, gas and water supply and cold storage. The survey is conducted annually under the statutory provisions of the Collection of Statistics Act, 1953. The ASI covers the entire country except the States of Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Sikkim and Union Territory of Lakshadweep. It covers all factories registered under Sections 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948. The survey also covers bidi and cigar manufacturing establishments registered under the Bidi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966. All the electricity undertakings engaged in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity, registered with the Central Electricity Authority were covered under the ASI, irrespective of their employment size up to the ASI 1997-98. This has, however, been discontinued from ASI 1998-99 and onwards. Certain services and activities like cold storage, water supply, repair of motor vehicles/ consumer durables like watches, etc., are covered under the survey. Defence establishments, oil storage and distribution depots, restaurants, hotels, cafe, computer services

and the technical training institutes are excluded from the purview of the survey. The data collected through the ASI relate to capital invested, employment, emoluments, labour cost, consumption of fuel and lubricants, raw material, total input/ output, gross value added, net value added and other characteristics of factories/ industrial establishments. The Field Operations Division of the NSSO carries out the fieldwork. The CSO processes the data and publishes the results annually through detailed reports and also makes them available electronically. 3.18. The detailed ASI reports are being prepared in the CSO (IS Wing) every year from the ASI 1993-94. The work in the CSO (IS Wing) has been streamlined with the following objectives: (i) (ii) (iii) Develop an in-house computer software for data processing, generation of tables and their publication with effect from the ASI 1993-94; Maintain the timeliness of release of the ASI (detailed) results annually within six months of completion of data collection; and Print the ASI detailed reports with the help of in-house printing facility. 3.19. In the recent past, many changes have been made to improve the collection, processing and dissemination of the ASI data. These are summarised in the following paragraphs. 3.20. Over the last few decades, there has been a spurt in the growth of the number of registered factories and consequently the number of units from whom data are to be collected and analysed annually. Manpower resources available to the Ministry of Statistics and P.I. could not be increased due to financial constraints. Thus, collection and compilation of data from a large number of units (approximately 60,000 in number) in a very lengthy schedule not only led to undue delay in the availability of results but also involved non-sampling errors. The process of changing the scenario, started from the ASI 1997-98, which involved modification of sampling design as well as the schedule. According to the new sampling design, about 35,400 units have been surveyed through the ASI 1999-2000 and about 43,200 units have been surveyed through the ASI 2000-01. This has reduced the data collection and processing time. For the ASI 2001-02, a sample of 44,608 units has been selected with the objective of generating estimates with better precision at State and industry-level. 3.21. The entire processing of data of the ASI 1995-96 onwards is being done at the CSO (IS Wing), Kolkata. The CSO (IS Wing) has acquired necessary hardware and software to introduce modern Client-Server architecture and networking. Under the current plan scheme, the client server architecture on fully redundant RISC servers with RDBMS as oracle engine has been introduced to streamline the work of large-scale data processing. 3.22. An action plan has been drawn to reduce the time lag in releasing the ASI results. From the ASI 1998-99, release of provisional results has been discontinued and detailed results in tabular form (in two volumes) and quick results are being released. From the ASI 1999-2000, decision has been taken to have a separate short schedule for all the units selected and release Quick Estimates of important parameters at 2 digit NIC-98, by States. The ASI results are available to users on electronic media on payment basis. Final results are released through publications in two volumes. 3.23. The CSO (IS Wing) is providing the necessary technical support to the FOD and the State Governments, especially in respect of computerization of the ASI frame, sample selection process, data processing and analysis.

3.24. Some of the Directorates of Economics and Statistics in the States/ UTs process the ASI data for their respective States/ UTs on the basis of duplicate copies of the ASI returns received from the FOD (NSSO). To avoid duplication of efforts, States have been informed that the CSO (IS Wing) will provide the entire database as well as tables needed by them. The States may utilise their resources to generate district/ micro level estimates by augmenting the samples. 3.25. The CSO (IS Wing) organized an All India Workshop on State Participation Phase II on uniform validation of ASI schedule by the state governments, during October 2002 Salient Results of ASI 3.26. The ASI 1999-00 results indicate that there are 1,31,558 working factories in the country, excluding the States of Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Sikkim and Union Territory of Lakshadweep. As indicated earlier this number does not include the electricity units registered with the CEA. These factories together had a total fixed capital of Rs. 4,01,865 crore, productive capital Rs. 5,05,649 crore and invested capital Rs. 5,66,634 crore. These factories provided gainful employment to about 8.1 million persons and distributed Rs. 59,231 crore as emoluments to employees, consumed inputs worth Rs. 7,09,365 crore, produced Rs. 7,83,117 crore worth of goods and services valued at ex-factory prices and contributed by way of value added by manufacture Rs. 1,54,974 crore to the national income. The gross fixed assets created by these factories during the period was of the order of Rs. 48,679 crore. 3.27. The ASI 2000-01 Quick Estimates for the factory sector based on the short schedule indicate a total of 1,31,349 working factories in all States and Union Territories, except the States of Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Sikkim and Union Territory of Lakshadweep. These factories provided gainful employment to about 8.3 million persons and distributed Rs.63,111 crore as emoluments to employees, consumed inputs worth Rs. 7,07,735 crore, produced output of Rs. 9,05,997 crore worth of goods and services valued at ex-factory prices and contributed by way of value added by manufacture Rs. 1,63,705 crore to the national income. Table-3.1 shows the principal characteristics for last four years.

Table 3.1: Principal Characteristics as Estimated from Annual Survey of Industries Characteristics Unit 1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-2001 (Quick Estimate) Factories Number 136012 131706 131558 131349 Fixed capital Rs. Lakhs 42308227 39115145 40186473 * Productive Rs. Lakhs 57769885 49389179 50564909 * capital Invested Rs. Lakhs 57682603 53706813 56663430 * Capital Workers Number 7652254 6364464 6280659 8372829 Employees Number 9997573 8588581 8172836 * Wages to Rs. Lakhs 2978167 2482648 2630427 * Workers Emoluments Rs. Lakhs 6219375 5437115 5923146 6311115 Total input Rs. Lakhs 63809899 61004389 70936465 70773534 Output Rs. Lakhs 83633644 78377081 89793835 90599709 Depreciation Rs. Lakhs 3179621 2826587 3359929 3455707 Net value Rs. Lakhs 16644124 14546105 15497442 16370469 added NFCF Rs. Lakhs 4057098 4080495 1507954 * Net Income Rs. Lakhs 11664973 10167739 10656621 * Rent paid Rs. Lakhs 418451 409083 453117 * Interest paid Rs. Lakhs 4560700 3969283 4387703 * Profit Rs. Lakhs 5320527 4730623 4733475 * * Not included in Quick Estimates Note: From 1998-99 Survey is conducted exclusive of Electricity Units registered with the CEA.

Achievements up to December 2002 3.28. The following publications were released up to December 2002: (i) Detailed results of ASI 1999-2000 in two volumes (released on electronic media and on hard print) (ii) Detailed results of ASI 1999-2000 at State x 5 digit level of industry (released on electronic media only) (iii) Quick results of ASI 2000-01 (generated on electronic media only) (iv) Time-Series data on ASI for the period 1959 1998 in five volumes (v) Fourth issue of the technical journal - Staff Papers (Vol. II, No. 2) Analytical Studies undertaken up to December 2002 3.29. The following analytical studies have been undertaken and completed during 2002-03: (i) (ii) (iii) A study on Captive Capacity Generation Units under ASI A report on Pollution Load in the Factory Sector based on ASI data A report on Industrial Statistics of ESCAP countries Index of Industrial Production (IIP) 3.30. The current series of Index of Industrial Production (IIP) with base 1993-94 prepared by the Ministry is an up-to-date indicator of industrial growth in the Indian economy. This series covers 538 items (clubbed in 283 item groups: Mining-1, Manufacturing 281, Electricity 1) comprising 64 from Mining and Quarrying, 473 from Manufacturing and 1 from Electricity Sector having the weightage of 10.47%, 79.36% and 10.17% respectively in the all-india IIP. The IIP is released every month in the form of Quick Estimates with a time lag of less than 6 weeks as per the SDDS norms of the IMF. The estimates are also simultaneously being released as per use-based classification viz., Basic Goods, Capital Goods, Intermediate Goods, Consumer Durables and Non-durables. These estimates get revised subsequently on receipt of updated production data from the 15 different source agencies in various Ministries/ Departments/ Attached/ Subordinate Offices. However, the major source of data is the DIPP, Ministry of Industry and Commerce, which provides data for 209 item groups contributing 52.0% weight in the overall IIP. 3.31. In order to capture the structural changes in the Industrial Sector, the Ministry has undertaken an exercise of revisions of base year of all-india IIP from 1993-94 to 1999-2000. 3.32. The industrial production registered a growth rate of 9.1% during 1994-95, followed by a steep rise in the rate of growth to 13.0% during 1995-96. Thereafter, the industrial growth rate declined to 6.1% in 1996-97. However, the growth rate increased to 6.7% in 1997-98 but again declined to 4.1% in 1998-99. The growth rate in 1999-2000 improved significantly to 6.7% due to improvement in the industrial performance of manufacturing sector but again declined to 5.0% in 2000-01. In 2001-02 the growth rate showed a further decline to 2.7%. 3.33. As regards sector-wise growth, the trend in the Manufacturing sector has been almost similar to that of the General index. The Mining sector has witnessed an irregular growth pattern, which fluctuated between 9.8% in 1994-95 and ( )1.9% in 1996-97. In the electricity sector, the

growth rate has declined from 8.5% to 4.0% during 1994-97. During 1997-2000 the growth rate remained constant at around 6.5%, and again declined to 4.0% in 2000-01 and 3.1% in 2001-02. 3.34. During the period April-November 2002, the industrial performance has improved with an overall growth of 5.3% as compared to a growth of 2.5% during the same period of last year. At the sectoral level, the Mining sector witnessed an impressive growth rate of 5.7%, as compared to 0.7% during April-November 2001. Manufacturing and Electricity sectors have also shown moderately higher growth rates of 5.4% and 4.0% respectively during April-November 2002, as compared to growth rates of 2.6%, and 2.5%, respectively during the same period of 2001. 3.35. The sector-wise annual trends in indices of industrial production during 1994-95 to 2001-2002 and monthly trends during April 2001 to November 2002 exhibited by the Manufacturing sector, along with the General Index of Industrial Production, are depicted in Table 3.2 and Charts II & III, respectively. The sector-wise annual growth rates during 1994-2002 are depicted in Chart IV. Compilation of State level Indices of Industrial Production 3.36. In pursuance of the assurance given by the Prime Minister in the Parliament in April 1993, the Technical Advisory Committee (TAC), which was constituted in June 1995 to examine all the technical aspects relating to Compilation of Comparable State level IIPs, submitted its report in June 1998. As a part of the implementation of the recommendations of the TAC, a set of guidelines on the subject was sent to the State Directorates of Economics and Statistics (DESs) along with the requisite data for identification of item basket and preparation of weighting diagram. A workshop of State DESs was also organized in the CSO in November 1998 to orient them on the concepts, methodology and various issues involved with the compilation of comparable State level IIPs. All the States/ UTs have been asked to compile the index (Base: 1993-94) after the selection of the item basket and preparation of the weighting diagram as per the guidelines provided by the TAC. 3.37. Effective follow-up action is being taken with the State/ UT DESs for compilation of Comparable State level Indices of Industrial Production (base 1993-94). As a result, eight States, namely, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Goa, Haryana, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal have already started compiling monthly State level IIPs. Punjab has released annual IIPs for the years 1994-95 to 1997-98 and quarterly indices for the years 1998-99 and 1999-2000. Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka and Pondicherry have also been releasing annual indices and have been advised to start compiling quarterly/ monthly indices. Rest of the States/ UTs have either identified the item basket and prepared weighting diagram or are in the process of finalization of the item basket and weighting diagram for the compilation of IIPs. Standardisation of Industrial Classification Updation of National Industrial Classification, 1998 3.38. The NIC-1998 released by the CSO, is a classification of economic activities undertaken by the economic units. It does not draw the distinction according to the kind of ownership, type of legal organisation, type of technology and scale/ mode of operation. The NIC 1998 has followed the principles of the latest UN System of Industrial Classification for all Economic Activities, 1990 (ISIC Revision 3). It has adopted ISIC Rev. 3 up to 4-digit level in toto and extended them to the 5 th digit to describe more detailed activities at the national level.

3.39. During the last three years the economy has witnessed lot of changes, especially in the fields of Information Technology. At the international level also, the ISIC Rev. 3 is being updated and ISIC Rev. 3.1 is likely to be released shortly. Representatives from India also actively participated in the deliberation of Technical Sub-group and the Expert Group on Classification held in New York and contributed inputs in the process of updation of ISIC Rev.3. In order to maintain conformity with the changes incorporated in ISIC Rev.3.1 to maintain international comparability and to meet national requirements of changes in the industrial structure, the updation of NIC-98 has become imperative. For updating the NIC-1998, the Industrial Statistics Division of the CSO obtained comments/ suggestions from the main users of NIC and based on these comments, a draft NIC-2002 has been prepared. The Standing Committee on Industrial Statistics (SCIS) considered the matter and constituted a Sub-group under the chairmanship of Prof. K L Krishna to discuss the technical issues. The matter is under consideration of the Sub-group. National Product Classification (Services Sector) 3.40. With a view to developing the National Industrial Classification, the CSO has undertaken an exercise for the development of National Product Classification. As the Product Classification for transportable goods has already been developed by Central Board of Excise and Customs, Ministry of Finance, the exercise in Central Statistical Organisation has been limited to development of Product Classification for non-transportable goods (Services Sector) consisting of Transport, Storage and Communication; Financial Intermediation; Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities; Public Administration and Defence; Education; Health and Social Work; Other community, Social and Personal Service activities; Private Households with employed persons; and Extra-territorial Organisations and Bodies. The exercise is being done under the overall guidance of SCIS, which has constituted a Sub-group for detailed examination of the technical issues.

Table 3.2: Sector-wise Index of Industrial Production & Growth Rates (Base: 1993-94) Period Mining Manufacturing Electricity General April -March 1994-95 109.8(9.8) 109.1(9.1) 108.5(8.5) 109.1(9.1) 1995-96 120.5(9.7) 124.5(14.1) 117.3(8.1) 123.3(13.0) 1996-97 118.2(-1.9) 133.6(7.3) 122(4.0) 130.8(6.1) 1997-98 126.4(6.9) 142.5(6.7) 130(6.6) 139.5(6.7) 1998-99 125.4(-0.8) 148.8(4.4) 138.4(6.5) 145.2(4.1) 1999-00 126.7(1.0) 159.4(7.1) 148.5(7.3) 154.9(6.7) 2000-01 130.3(2.8) 167.9(5.3) 154.4(4.0) 162.6(5.0) 2001-02 131.9(1.2) 172.7(2.9) 159.2(3.1) 167(2.7) Apr'2001 123.1 166.2 153.3 160.4 May'2001 125.8 167.6 160.3 162.5 Jun'2001 120.2 165.2 150.8 159.0 Jul'2001 122.7 165.9 156.6 160.4 Aug'2001 127.1 167.4 158.3 162.2 Sep'2001 129.4 166.2 160.0 161.7 Oct'2001 134.7 166.3 158.2 162.2 Nov'2001 136.0 172.2 158.0 167.0 Dec'2001 140.9 183.3 165.6 177.1 Jan'2002 144.8 183.0 165.0 176.9 Feb'2002 130.6 178.9 151.4 170.3 Mar'2002 147.8 190.5 173.0 184.2 Apr'2002 127.5 172.9 161.2 167.0 May'2002 135.7 174.3 163.9 169.2 Jun'2002 131.0 172.1 156.6 166.2 Jul'2002 137.6 177.0 166.2 171.8 Aug'2002 134.3 178.2 164.8 172.2 Sep'2002 130.7 178.6 159.4 171.6 Oct'2002 139.8 177.8 169.4 173.0 Nov'2002 139.9 178.8 163.5 173.2 Apr-Nov 1994-95 103.2 103.4 104.9 103.5 1995-96 115.2(11.6) 117.6(13.7) 115(9.6) 117.1(13.1) 1996-97 114(-1.0) 129.1(9.8) 119.3(3.7) 126.5(8.0) 1997-98 120.9(6.1) 138(6.9) 126.9(6.4) 135.1(6.8) 1998-99 121.5(0.5) 143.6(4.1) 134.8(6.2) 140.4(3.9) 1999-00 122.1(0.5) 153.1(6.6) 145.8(8.2) 149.1(6.2) 2000-01 126.5(3.6) 162.8(6.3) 153(4.9) 158(6.0) 2001-02 127.4(0.7) 167.1(2.6) 156.9(2.5) 161.9(2.5) 2002-03 134.6(5.7) 176.2(5.4) 163.1(4.0) 170.5(5.3) Note: figures in bracket indicate the growth rates

CHART II

CHART-III

CHART IV

Social Statistics 3.41. The Social Statistics Division in the CSO makes continuous efforts for the coordinated development of social statistics, which inter-alia cover population, human development, employment, health, education, social justice and women empowerment. Close liaison is maintained with different agencies like the Planning Commission, Office of the Registrar General of India, Ministries of Human Resource Development, Labour, Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation, Social Justice and Empowerment, Health and Family Welfare besides autonomous research institutions like International Institute of Population Sciences (IIPS), Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development (NIPCCD), National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), Institute of Applied Manpower Research (IAMR), National Council of Applied Economics Research (NCAER), etc., for effectively discharging responsibilities. The CSO also shares its expertise with various organizations in the field of social statistics by participating in the meetings of the Expert Groups/ Working Groups, Technical Advisory Committees and other Committees constituted by different ministries/ departments/ organizations and providing with expert advisory support on the proposals, questionnaire, tabulation programme, draft reports etc., received from them. 3.42. The latest publication of the Division, Selected Socio-Economic Statistics, India, which pertains to the year 2001, gives time series data on different social indicators. 3.43. The Social Statistics Division has also taken the initiative to conduct Pilot Studies in six States for building up database at block-level for statistics on Local Level Development as per the recommendations of the NSC. To start with, the pilot study would be conducted in Gujarat, Karnataka and West Bengal during the current year. Gender Statistics 3.44. After 1975, the International Year of Women, there has been a growing interest in gender statistics. In India, this is one of the most important emerging areas that have received attention of the planners, policy makers and all other concerned professionals in recent years. The need for reliable statistical information on gender issues, which are required for understanding the role of women in the society, has been felt with increasing urgency. For some areas of interest, like population, mortality, literacy and workforce, gender specific statistics have been in the public domain for quite some time. For the others, the Ministry has taken major steps in creating a database by compiling gender disaggregated statistics from various sources. 3.45. With the objective of sensitising the policy makers to gender issues, the CSO took steps to implement an ESCAP project on Improvement of Statistics on Gender Issues during 1994 to 1996. To fulfil this aim, two national workshops were organized during 1994-1995. The outcome of these efforts was a publication entitled Women and Men in India, brought out for the first time by the CSO in 1995. The latest issue of this publication pertains to the year 2001. Besides, a National Plan of Action (NPA) was prepared to bridge the identified data gaps relating to gender issues. The CSO undertook the work relating to review of implementation of the NPA for Improvement of Gender Statistics. 3.46. In the NPA, a number of indicators of interest have since been identified to measure the achievement of national goals relating the gender issues. Some of the important indicators for which stress has already been laid to bridge data-gaps are (i) gender-specific wages by industry, (ii) number

of doctors according to sex, (iii) nursing personnel, (iv) educational status of mothers, (v) availability of facilities in work place for taking care of children, (vi) reliable maternal mortality rate, (vii) percentage of women in higher decision-making levels of the government, (viii) demographic particulars of victims and offenders of women-related crimes, (ix) proportion of crime victims leading normal life, (x) time use statistics by sex, (xi) female infanticide, (xii) sex-wise break up of bank accounts and driving licenses, etc. 3.47. The social statistics pertaining to gender issues that are included in the publication Women and Men in India are summarised below: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Health: Sex ratio, life expectancy at birth, age-specific mortality rate, malnutrition, intake of food and calories at different ages, maternal mortality, proportion of deliveries by type of medical attention received. Education: Female literacy, gross enrolment ratio by sex, drop-out rates by sex, sex-wise enrolment in higher education by field of study. Participation of Women in the Economic Activity: Workforce participation rate by sex, total and women employment in organised sector, total and female employment and hired workers in non-agricultural establishments by major activity group, industries which employed more females than males, occupations in which female workers were more than male workers, average wage/ salary received by regular wage/ salaried employees by type of activity and sex. Participation of Women in the Decision Making: Proportion of women voters actually casting their votes, number of women contestants and elected, percentage of women in the higher decision making levels in the government, number of women entrepreneurs in manufacturing and service sectors, proportion of women in the decision-making at the local government level. Time Use Survey 3.48. With a view to assessing the contribution made by women in the national economy through their household work and to study the gender discrimination in household activities, a Methodological Time Use Survey was conducted in about 18600 households spread over six States (Haryana, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Orissa and Tamil Nadu) of the country in 1998-99. The fieldwork of the survey was conducted by the DES of the State Governments. Data on the activities performed during 24 hours were collected for each member aged 6 years and above of the selected household. For each such member, activity particulars were collected separately for three days categorized by work-intensity as normal, weekly variant and abnormal, whenever such variation in work-intensity was found to exist. The entire survey was spread over four sub-rounds of three months each to eliminate the effect of seasonal variation in the final estimates. The collected data were processed by the States following the guidelines provided by the CSO. The tables generated provide the weekly average time spent in different types of activities according to age, sex, place of residence, level of education, economic activity status, etc. To share the experience of conducting Time Use

Surveys, an International Workshop was organized at Ahmedabad during 7-10 December 1999 with financial assistance from UNDP. The Report of the survey was brought out by the CSO in April 2000. 3.49. To assess the contribution of the women in the national economy, the CSO undertook the exercises of 'Valuation of Unpaid Household Work and Community Services" and 'Estimation of Work Force', using the results of Time Use Survey. For this purpose, a technical committee was constituted under the Chairmanship of DG &CEO, NSSO. Two meetings of this Committee were held during the year. The concept papers based on the above two exercises were prepared and the same were discussed and deliberated upon in a National Seminar on Applications of Time Use Statistics held during 8-9 th October 2002 in New Delhi which was attended by international experts from Canada, Switzerland, Thailand, etc. The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation organized this Seminar in collaboration with United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), Delhi and Centre for Development Alternatives (CFDA), Ahmedabad. 3.50. The CSO has now undertaken the exercises of Valuation of Unpaid Work and `Estimation of Workforce using the results of the Time Use Survey. The preliminary results of these exercises were discussed extensively in National Seminar on Applications of Time Use Statistics held in October 2002 in collaboration with United Nations Development Funds for Women (UNIFEM) and Centre for Development Alternatives (CFDA). Gender related Development Index 3.51. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) initiated the development of Human Development Index (HDI) in 1990. The idea of Gender Development Index (GDI) was included for the first time in the Human Development Report (HDR) 1995. During the same time, the concept of Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) was also included. The debate on women/ gender and development was at centre-stage in the international arena in 1995 because of UN s Fourth International Conference of Women at Beijing in 1994, as well as UN s Social Summit Conference at Copenhagen in March 1995. These events have generated a keen debate among researchers, policymakers, planners and grass roots activists on development, human development and gender development. 3.52. The GDI measures the achievements of women with respect to the same capabilities while taking note of inequality in the achievements between men and women. The GEM indicates the extent to which the women actively participate in the economic and political life and in the decision-making as men. Four indicators the percentage of seats held by women in the Parliament, the percentage of women as administrators and managers, the percentage of women as professionals and technical workers, and the percentage of income shared by women are used for constructing the GEM [UNDP, 1995]. While the GDI is expected to focus on expansion of capabilities, the GEM is concerned with the use of these capabilities to take advantage of the opportunities in life. 3.53. While the need for developing such indices is not contested, it is felt that the indicators suggested by the UNDP might not be able to capture the immense diversity of socio-economic conditions prevailing in India. Moreover, these indices may be required at lower geographical levels such as States and Districts, for which data availability on the indicators would have to be examined. With this aim in view, the then Department of Statistics constituted a technical Advisory Committee to

develop Human Development Index (HDI) and Gender Development Index (GDI) at various geographical levels in India. Environment Statistics 3.54. Environment Statistics is a newly emerging area of importance and there is an increasing emphasis of relevant data required in the context of promoting environmentally acceptable production technology, conservation of resources, waste minimizing, control of pollution of air, water and atmosphere, protection of forests, flora and fauna etc. The Environment Statistics Unit, as a coordinating agency for environment statistics in the Country, aims at bridging this data gap and continues to have a close liaison with different organizations including Ministry of Environment and Forests, dealing with respective subjects. 3.55. The CSO brings out a publication entitled Compendium of Environment Statistics. Fifth edition for the Year 2001 has been made ready for print. Various data source agencies have been requested to supply the data for the next issue of the Compendium. 3.56. The Environment Statistics Unit of the CSO organized a number of training programmes and workshops, in which officials from Central Ministries and State Governments and experts have partici pated. Natural Resource Accounting 3.57. The valuation of natural resources has assumed significance under the Agenda 21 of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held during June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro. This requires integration of national accounts with natural resource accounting for taking suitable decisions for sustainable development and computation of Green GDP. 3.58. The Ministry took up a pilot project on Natural Resource Accounting in Goa for which a Technical Working Group was constituted under the chairmanship of Secretary, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. On the recommendation of the second meeting of the Technical Working Group held on 23rd September 1998, methodology of the project had been finalized and an amount of Rs. 11.90 lakhs was released to Government of Goa for the project implemented by Tata Energy Research Institute (TERI) for the first phase. The report of the phase-i of this project has been received during the current year. The Phase-II of the project will be under taken after examining the proposals from TERI and other expert organizations, which will be taken up simultaneously in about 4-5 other States of the Country also. Research Studies/ Sample Surveys Funded by the Ministry 3.59. The Ministry is operating a scheme on Payment of professional services in respect of research studies/ sample surveys and related activities to generate official statistics, development of methodologies for collection, analysis and processing of data and other research studies on the subjects related to the Ministry. About 276 proposals have been received so far in this respect, which have been screened by the Standing Research Advisory Committee (SRAC) set up under the chairmanship of Secretary of the Ministry and those found suitable have been examined by the experts of relevant fields before these are recommended for funded by the Ministry. The Ministry has so far funded 34 studies, including some workshop/ seminars till date under this scheme.

Price Statistics 3.60. The CSO has been compiling and publishing, on monthly basis, Consumer Price Index for Urban Non-Manual Employees [CPI(UNME)] since 1961. The data on retail prices of goods and services in the consumption basket, used for compilation of CPI(UNME), are collected by the Field Operations Division (FOD) of the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO). The number of goods and services for which data are collected varies from centre to centre. The smallest number is 146 in the case of Imphal; and the largest 345 for Delhi. Data on house rent and off-take in respect of selected commodities are also collected. Based on these data, the CSO compiles and releases the CPI(UNME) on base 1984-85=100. This index is widely used by various agencies for varied purposes including as an input to the wage and salary adjustment process; indexation of pension and superannuation payments, Government taxes, charges and contracts; and as a general measure of inflation. During 2002-03, monthly indices relating to March 2002 to December 2002 have been released until 15 th January 2003. Indices for the months of January 2003 and February 2003 will be released as per time schedule during the year. One brochure providing CPI(UNME) at group and subgroup levels for 59 urban centres and all-india, for the period January-June 2002 has been released and another brochure for the period July-December 2002 is likely to be released by March 2003. 3.61. The all-india general and group level CPI(UNME) for the period January 2000 to December 2002 is given in Table 3.3. The trends delineated by the movements of all-india CPI(UNME) series at group level, are shown in Chart V. 3.62. A Sub-group of Technical Advisory Committee on Statistics on Prices of Cost of Living (TAC on SPCL) was constituted to advise on the improvement of the Wholesale Price Index (WPI) including strengthening of the data collection system, development of Business Services Price Index etc. Fourth meeting of this Sub-group was held under the Chairmanship of DG & CEO, NSSO on 4 th July 2002 at New Delhi. The Sub-group discussed, inter-alia, (i) Strengthening of wholesale price collection mechanism and (ii) Approach papers on services price index received from the members of the Sub-group. 3.63. The coverage and applicability of four CPI numbers compiled at national level at present, namely, CPI(IW), CPI(AL), CPI(RL) and CPI(UNME) are restricted to different segments of population as reflected by their nomenclature. The current series of CPI(UNME) with base 1984-85 is being compiled by the CSO in the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The weighting diagram for the current series of CPI(UNME) was prepared on the basis of the data collected through family living survey (FLS) for UNME conducted during 1982-83. 3.64. With the passage of 19 years since the last family living survey for urban non-manual employees (FLS for UNME) conducted during 1982-83, the consumption pattern of the population in general and non-manual urban population in particular has been affected due to considerable changes in the economy and rapid urbanisation and globalisation of various economic activities. As such, the consumption basket of the current series of CPI(UNME) has lost much of its relevance because several new commodities/ specifications have come into vogue while a number of old ones have disappeared.

Thus, the conduct of a fresh FLS for UNME to represent the current consumption pattern on a realistic basis has become absolutely necessary. While the principle of revision of the base year of the CPI(UNME) has been accepted, the feasibility of getting the requisite data collected through a private agency has been explored. Since the CPI(UNME) is used for a variety of purposes having financial implications, it was felt that the involvement of a private agency in such a sensitive work may bring in an element of subjectivity and create problems in its wider acceptance. Under the circumstance, the proposal for supplementing the work force of the FOD (NSSO) and the CSO is being pursued. 3.65. A meeting of the Working Group constituted to look into the various aspects relating to compilation of consumer price indexes, separately for the urban - CPI(U) and rural-cpi(r) segments of population was held in February 2001 under the Chairmanship of DG & CEO, NSSO. In the meeting, it was decided to conduct a pilot study in 20 villages spread throughout the country from the sample of 600 villages covered under the current series of CPI(AL) and CPI(RL), to ascertain whether markets corresponding to these villages are representative of the entire rural population or there is a need to augment the coverage of markets and shops/ outlets even in the case of existing sample villages and the type of market survey need to be conducted in the additional villages to be selected for CPI(R). Regarding selection of centers for CPI(U), it was felt that a list of urban frame survey (UFS) blocks pertaining to the urban sample of the 55 th Round of consumption expenditure survey would have to be prepared to select the additional cities/ towns for CPI(U) in addition to the centers of current series of CPI(UNME) and CPI(IW). 3.66. A pilot survey in 20 villages has already been conducted by the NSSO to ascertain the adequacy of existing markets and outlets to cater to the needs of the proposed CPI(R). The survey has clearly brought out that the presently selected markets are inadequate and there is need to have a fresh market survey in all the sample villages to establish a proper price data collection frame of markets and outlets. 3.67. The Computer Centre has taken up the work relating to tabulation of NSS consumer expenditure data (55 th round). Trial tables for some states have been examined by the CSO. 3.68. A meeting of the Working Group of the TAC to look into various aspects of compilation of CPI(U) and CPI(R), was held in December 2002 at New Delhi under the Chairmanship of DG & CEO, NSSO. In the meeting, it was decided that the CSO would undertake an exercise to study the items in the consumption basket and markets/ outlets covered (i) in all the centres of CPI(UNME) and CPI(IW) and (ii) the price data being collected through Schedule 3.01(R) in the state of Punjab vis-à-vis items in the weighting diagram to be derived for CPI(U) and CPI(R), respectively from the NSS 55 th Round.

Table 3.3: All-India General and Group level CPI(UNME): January 2000 to December 2002 Month Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 General 2000 Jan 368 296 331 359 357 355 Feb 367 296 331 360 359 355 Mar 370 305 332 362 360 357 Apr 375 347 332 362 361 362 May 377 357 332 363 362 364 Jun 381 358 332 364 364 366 Jul 380 363 348 364 366 370 Aug 379 367 348 365 368 370 Sep 378 368 348 366 370 370 Oct 381 412 348 367 376 375 Nov 381 417 349 369 378 376 Dec 377 410 349 370 380 375 2001 Jan 373 407 366 371 382 376 Feb 373 407 366 372 383 376 Mar 375 406 366 372 384 377 Apr 378 408 366 374 385 379 May 383 408 366 374 386 382 Jun 391 412 366 375 387 386 Jul 395 412 382 376 389 391 Aug 397 418 382 377 391 393 Sep 393 420 382 378 392 392 Oct 395 422 382 379 393 393 Nov 399 423 382 380 395 395 Dec 393 427 382 381 398 394 2002 Jan 387 426 395 381 398 393 Feb 386 427 395 381 399 392 Mar 387 449 395 382 399 395 Apr 389 448 395 383 400 396 May 393 449 395 384 401 398 Jun 399 451 396 384 405 402 Jul 402 452 406 385 408 406 Aug 403 453 406 386 410 407 Sep 403 454 406 386 414 408 Oct 402 456 406 387 416 408 Nov 402 456 406 388 417 408 Dec 395 458 406 390 417 405 Note:- Group 1: Food, Beverages & Tobacco; Group 2: Fuel & light; Group 3: Housing; Group 4: Clothing, Bedding & Footwear; Group 5: Miscellaneous; General: All groups combined. Economic Census 3.69. A scheme of Economic Census and Surveys was initiated in the Ministry in 1976 to fill the data gaps in the unorganised segments of the economy. So far four Economic Censuses have been conducted in 1977, 1980, 1990 and 1998. 3.70. The fieldwork of fourth Economic Census (1998) was taken up during 1998-99 in collaboration with all States/UTs. All-India Report and State Level Reports for all the States/UTs (except 3 States/UTs viz. Kerala, Sikkim and Daman & Diu) have been released. During the year the reports for five States/UTs namely, Assam, Bihar, Manipur, A&N Islands and Lakshadweep were released.

CHART-V

Energy Statistics 3.71. The Industrial Statistics Division of CSO brings out a publication on energy statistics containing time series data of different energy sources, viz. coal, crude petroleum, natural gas and electricity (hydro & nuclear), based on the latest data supplied by organizations like Office of Coal Controller; Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas; Office of the Economic Adviser, Ministry of Commerce & Industry; Central Electricity Authority and Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources. For the first time in 2000-01, data on installations made under major non-conventional energy programmes at State and All India level were also presented in this publication. Modernisation of Statistical System in India 3.72. The project proposal on Modernisation of Statistical System in India was reformulated taking into account the recommendations of the National Statistical Commission (NSC) and discussions were held with the officials of the World Bank. An Advisory Group of the World Bank visited during 19-28 August 2002 and 13-31 January 2003 and had a detailed discussion on the project with the officers of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, other concerned Ministries and States. In the discussions, it was agreed to take up further preparatory work for the finalisation of the project. Expert Group on Informal Sector Statistics (Delhi Group) 3.73. The sixth meeting of the Expert Group on Informal Sector Statistics (Delhi Group) was held at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during the period 16-18 September 2002, under the Chairmanship of Secretary, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India. 3.74. Representatives from six countries viz. Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, Fiji, India and Venezuela, two international organisation viz. International Labour Organisation (ILO) and Women in Informal Employment: Globalising and Organising (WIEGO) besides Rio Group on Poverty participated in the meeting. 3.75. The Expert Group agreed for making efforts for (i) consolidating the country experiences and further research for evolving a statistical definition of informal employment and linking poverty estimates and informal sector employment ; (ii) developing comparable data sets on informal sector; and (iii) developing a methodological manual on informal sector surveys (to be completed by ILO). Training 3.76. The Training Division plays a key role in imparting need based and effective training in the areas of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, Information Technology, Official Statistics and other related subjects to the statistical manpower of the country. The Division discharges this responsibility under the overall guidance and supervision of a high-powered policy making committee, viz. Cadre Management Committee (CMC) headed by the Secretary of the Ministry. The training programmes of the Training Division have the approval of the Training Programmes Approval Committee (TPAC) of this Ministry. This Committee comprises senior Indian Statistical Service Officers of this Ministry. This Committee decides on the types of training programmes to be conducted along with their course contents, duration and criteria for selection of resource persons and participants. The Division conducts various training programmes for ISS officers (including probationers) and Non-ISS