Integrating Wind & Solar power in a Grid

Integrating Wind & Solar power in a Grid ELIA GROUP INTERNATIONAL A strong, reliable and sustainable partner Symposium Getting Power from Wind and Sun Tokyo, March 8 th 2018

One Group Two TSOs (transmission system operators) with International Activities The Elia Group is expanding its international activities through Elia Grid International

50Hertz at a glance Grid area Length of lines Max. Load Power consumption (based on electricity supplied to end-consumers in acc. with Renewables Energy Law EEG ) Installed capacities: - of which Renewables - of which Wind RES share in power consumption Turnover - of which grid Figures (50Hertz share in Germany) as of 2016/12/31 109,589 km² (~31 %) 10,215 km (~30 %) ~ 16 GW (~20%) ~ 96 TWh (~20 %) 52,268 MW (~26 %) 29,017 MW (~30 %) 17,236 MW (~37 %) 47.8% 9.449 bn 1.290 bn

Activities of 50Hertz as a German TSO Owner of the transmission grid In charge of operation, maintenance and the development of extra-highvoltage lines and power junctions (substations) as well as for the connection of large-scale generators and consumers (including offshore). System operator Responsible for system stability of the transmission system around the clock: frequency control and voltage regulation, congestion management. Market developer Catalyst for the development of the energy market, especially in Northern and Central-Eastern Europe. Trustee for managing surcharge systems Responsible for the financial management of renewable energies (EEG).

The power system in the 50Hertz grid area TSO (400 kv, 220 kv) 9 Windfarms 3 Steel Plants 5 neighbouring TSOs - 7 onshore 12 conv. power plants/storages - TenneT - Energinet.dk - 2 offshore - CEPS - Svenska kraftnät - PSE DSO 1st level (< 110 kv) Approx. 1.200 Windfarms PV, biomass and other RES DSO 2nd to m. level (< 110 kv) 200 Windfarms PV, biomass and other RES 10 Distribution System Operators - AVACON - E.DIS - ENSO Netz - SW Magdeburg - MITNETZ Strom - Stromnetz Berlin - Stromnetz Hamburg - TEN - WEMAG Netz - SW Staßfurt 159 Distribution System Operators - Schwarze Pumpe - Boxberg - Jänschwalde - Lippendorf - Reuter West - Goldisthal - Markersbach - Hohenwarte II - Brunsbüttel (GKW) - Moorburg - Rostock - Schkopau CHP and IPP CHP and IPP Cascading DSO low level (< 110 kv) PV, biomass and other RES Other DSOs CHP and IPP

RES development in Germany 2000 2006 2016 - ~ 30,000 plants - 1,665* MW installed Wind in Germany - ~ 221,000 plants - 2,233* MW installed Wind in Germany - ~ 1,600,000 plants - 45,910* MW installed wind in Germany Massive RES growth in Germany since the introduction of the Renewables Energy Law (EEG) in 2000 Markierungen proportional zur installierten Leistung with Wind and PV as the main growth drivers PV Wind Biomass * BWE Figures

RES development in the 50Hertz grid area DEVELOPMENT OF INSTALLED CAPACITIES IN THE 50HERTZ GRID AREA 30 27,132 29,017 GW 20 10 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Wind Solar PV Biomass Other RES DEVELOPMENT OF RES SHARE IN POWER CONSUMPTION IN THE 50HERTZ GRID AREA 50 48 TWh 46 TWh 48% 40 TWh 30 20 10 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 50Hertz is world-leading in the integration of intermittent RES with an integration rate of ~48% in 2016 with respect to ~32% in Germany. Source: Company information

TCC Visitors coming from all over the world Since 2012 visitors from 70 countries have been in Neuenhagen 8

TCC Berlin Control Room 50Hertz has been investing intensely in system operations and runs a state-of-the art system for well trained and highly reliable operators

Part of the 50Hertz IT-infrastructure builds the backbone of successful system operation IT-Security & Governance ISMS Business-IT Applications IT-Infrastructure Datacommunication Network- Management- Center Real-Time-IT Applications Applications Energy Settlement Finance/Controlling Asset Management Commodities Systems/Platforms Data-center Management Server-Management Database-Management Application Firewalls Systems/Platforms IT-Network setup IP-System Management Data-Transmission Network Mgt. Telefony Mgt. Network 24x7 Network Monitoring & Management Applications Scada Management Load Frequency Mgt. Data Exchange TSOs/DSOs Scheduling System Management

Challenges and solutions within system and markets Overview Current Situation Fast RES growth not synchronized with grid development Shift central into a highly decentral energy landscape Resulting challenges Grid congestion Decentralization with distributed generation and active costumers RES intermittency Increasing energy costs for customers 50Hertz solutions Fast and efficient grid development Innovative congestion management concepts Market development Foster cooperation on EU level

Physical imports and exports Germany and 50Hertz (2016) DK SWE Energinet.dk 1,684 BENELUX 2,636 22,981 8,754 15 POL TenneT 36,124 10,147 8,754 15 PSE ČEPS Net exports in TWh FRA CZ 39.4 51.8 40.4 53.7 SUI AUT 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Imports in GWh Exports in GWh 50Hertz Germany 50Hertz grid area is main exporter of electricity in Germany and Europe (~ 40 TWh).

Significant redispatch is needed also cross border to master congestion Scheduled flow versus physical flows (after redispatch) grid Planned Export of Germany: 12 GW Realized Export of Germany: 8,5 GW During high wind periods Germany s potential commercial export is much higher than physical export capacities allow. Exceeding power flows are turned back by redispatch.

50Hertz has been successfully reducing redispatch costs with extension and innovation grid 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 REDISPATCH AND RES CURTAILMENT COSTS IN m 94 69 25 2014 351 146 205 2015 200 180 175 73 130 107 120 115 100 2016 250 Plan 2017 13.2 Curtailment 13.1 Redispatch Grid development and process improvements are showing to be effective 85 FC 10/2017 75 Plan 2018 REDISPATCH AND RES CURTAILMENT AMOUNTS IN GWh 2,888 267 2,621 10,880 1,336 9,544 First effects of commissioning of SWCL 7,082 701 6,381 13.2 Curtailment 13.1 Redispatch 6,450 950 5,500 5,800 800 5,000 2014 2015 2016 FC 2017 Plan 2018 Risk: ACER/European Commission request for higher trading capacities can significantly increase costs for congestion management.

Grid extension reduces congestion and redispatch costs Example: new Southwest Coupling Line

Phase Shift Transformers (PSTs) at the Polish and Czech borders steering power flow and reduce congestion help Main functionalities of PSTs Limit/regulate (unplanned) cross-border flows at the German- Polish and German-Czech borders Prevent congestion at interconnectors and in the network close to the border Implementation Hagenwerder-Mikułowa (DE-PL): Polish PSTs in operation since 2016 Vierraden-Krajnik (DE-PL): Two step approach: commissioning of two PSTs and upgrade of the interconnector on 380 kv in 2018 final state with four PSTs is foreseen for 2020 Roehrsdorf-Hradec (DE-CZ): German and Czech PSTs in operation since 2017

European market design is based on a zonal concept with bidding zones coupled via power exchanges 2010 today Price Coupling successful on the Day Ahead spot market, step-bystep expansion towards a common European Price Coupling. exp. 2020 Ongoing project to introduce European Price Coupling in the Intraday spot market. Ongoing project to introduce Flowbased Market Coupling in Central Europe (exp. 2020) Orange: Market coupling Central-Western Europe Blue: Market coupling Northern Europe Green (dark): Single European Price Coupling Green (light): Coupling of CZ, SL, HU & RO only (interim-step) European market integration has been very successful and facilitates the integration of volatile renewables.

Development of short-term and balancing markets is in the focus of the market development strategy Forward Market Day-Ahead- Market Intraday- Market Balancing Energy Auction Cross Border Transmission Capacities Market Coupling Market Coupling? t-6 years t-1 week t-(1-3) days t-15min t+6sec t+30sec t+15min Focus Areas Electricity markets Balancing markets

Operational Challenges from PV: Solar Eclipse 2015 March 20 PV-forecast Live extrapolation Germany Megawatt (MW) 25.000 20.000 ~13,7 GW -2.674 MW/1/4-Std 20.042 MW Lessons learned: The market products developed and introduced in the last years worked properly (15min products) 15.000 10.000 5.000 ~6 GW 13.351 MW 6.314 MW TSOs properly secured the system via additional security measures Need for increased flexibility shown by this kind of situation as we will face similar needs on a more regular basis in the future 0 00:15:00 01:00:00 01:45:00 02:30:00 03:15:00 04:00:00 04:45:00 05:30:00 06:15:00 07:00:00 07:45:00 08:30:00 09:15:00 10:00:00 10:45:00 11:30:00 12:15:00 13:00:00 13:45:00 14:30:00 15:15:00 16:00:00 16:45:00 17:30:00 18:15:00 19:00:00 19:45:00 20:30:00 21:15:00 German TSOs can count on market mechanism for basic balancing. 22:00:00 22:45:00 23:30:00 +4.111 MW/1/4-Std PV-Kombi, 50HzT, Dayahead Forecast 08.00 h PV-Kombi, 50HzT, Extrapolation

Good renewables forecasts are key for successful integration Sophisticated RES forecasts in place, further improvements are needed Weather Forecast Plant Database Feed-in calculation Feed-in forecast Day-ahead forecasts for wind and solar leave room for improvement intraday. 50Hertz build up strong competences in short term forecasting and intraday trading. Estimates are applied where real time data are not available. Service providers deliver online data and forecasts. They are continuously benchmarked against each other. Remaining deviations after market closure are to be levelled out by TSOs by activating control power.

New players with low opportunity costs will offer flexibility on a competitive market of limited size New players Power to Heat Stadtwerke Schwerin DSM aluminium production Trimet Hamburg DSM Steel production Hamburg DSM provided via aggregators Control power by RES (depending on legal framework and subsidy scheme) Small CHPassets Lichtblick pilot ( At Home power stations) Distributed flexibility requires the system s further digitilization. Increasing competition on the flexibility market complicates business cases for storage.

The cooperation between DSOs and TSOs is being refined Guiding principles for integration of distributed flexibilities Striving for the socio-economic optimum using flexibilities on different voltage levels. Going for market oriented competitive solutions - while observing market power issues. Implementing new transparent processes for flexibility providers and network operators. Developing coordination concepts that take DSO constraints into account. Using digitalization for innovative solutions.

Within the ministry s SINTEG program 50Hertz leads the WindNODE project Overview of the five SINTEG projects Project goal: develop and demonstrate solutions for energy transition, enabling intelligent communication and interaction among different players for an efficient renewables integration Designetz WindNode support: about 40 m over 4 years, since 12/2016 Project partners: about 70 partners from industry, utilities, academics, Quelle: BMWi, WindNODE, Websites der anderen Konsortien

Challenges and solutions within system and markets Overview Current Situation Fast RES growth not synchronized with grid development Shift central into a highly decentral energy landscape Resulting challenges Grid congestion Decentralization with distributed generation and active costumers 50Hertz solutions RES intermittency Fast and efficient grid development EU Increasing energy costs for customers Innovative congestion management concepts Market development Foster cooperation on EU level

50Hertz is well engaged and committed in the European context RSCs across the European grid system as serviceproviders to TSOs Joint entities for commercial operation of interconnectors Regular bilateral meetings/contracts ENTSO-E as main platform Design and successful implementation of market coupling Successful development of grid codes There are already well-functioning regional and European TSO cooperations on technical and commercial level.

Grid fees account for 25% of household electricity prices being only part that differs from region to region the SPLIT OF HOUSEHOLD PRICES IN 2017 GRID FEES ( ) ELECTRICITY IN JANUARY 2016 Procurement, sales Taxes, fees, levies 29.23 ct/kwh Grid fees DSO Grid fees TSO Rising grid fees and regional differences need to be managed actively Average composition of the electricity prices 2017, German household with yearly consumption of 3,500 kwh

Development of average TSO grid fees for 2018 Basis: temporary grid fees 2018, situation as of October 2017 [ct/kwh 1 ] TSO GRID FEES DEVELOPMENT FOR 2018 CHANGE IN GRID FEES FROM 2017 TO 2018 50 46% 40 30 20 10 10% 14% 0 (10)% (11)% * (20)% 50Hertz Tennet TransnetBW Amprion 50Hertz initiative for unified TSO grid fees will lead to strongly decreasing grid tariffs within next five years. 1 Calculated with average grid fees of EHV and EHV / HV with annual utilisation time of 1,000 hours, 3,000 hours and 5000 hours * Rough estimate

Strong increase of surcharges due to renewables development EEG-surcharge is the main component Surcharges for households in ct/kwh +28% 7.684 7.600 7.217 5.982 6.769 6.240 6.615 6.170 6.354 6.880 6.792 Ø 7 5.277 0.126 0.329 0.250 2013 0.445 0.438 0.390 0.178 0.092 0.254 0.378 0.000 0.250 0.009 0.237 0.005 0.000 0.388 0.370 0.006 0.040-0.028 0.037-0.051 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 0.011 EEG-Surcharge KWK-Surcharge (CHP) 19 StromNEV-Surcharge Offshore liabilty surcharge Surcharge for interruptable loads

Thank you for your atttention Q&A Bert Maes Co-CEO Nemo Link Ltd Address: Brussels Office: Rue Joseph Stevens 7, BRUSSELS, Belgium Mobile: 32(0)472 40 69 97 Email: bert.maes@nemolink.co.uk Web: www.nemolink.co.uk