AASHTO s Highway Safety Manual and Performance Measures / Targets Dr. Anthony Kane Director of Engineering and Technical Services Wednesday October 26, 2011
Bom dia damas e cavalheiros Talk Overview Highway Safety Manual Other Key Products Toward Zero Deaths
The HSM is a tool to change how we consider safety Nominal Safety Examined in reference to compliance with standards, warrants, guidelines and sanctioned design procedures Substantive Safety The expected or actual crash frequency and severity for a highway or roadway
How to Meet The Challenge? Bring safety at same level as other parameters Integrate safety into transportation decisionmaking processes Quantify effect of decisions on future crash frequency and severity Increase our accountability, measure performance, and meet legislatively mandated priorities Fill the gap between state of art and state of practice
The HSM History & Status Years of Research thru NCHRP-TRB Published in 2010 Over 3300 Copies Sold in 60 countries Companion Software Safety Analyst (Part B) http://www.safetyanalyst.org; Interactive Highway Safety Design Model(IHSDM)(Part C) http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/ihsdm/ihsdm.htm
Part Chapter Description A 1 2 3 Introduction & Overview Human Factors Fundamentals B 4 /5 6 / 7 8 / 9 Road Safety Management Process: Network Screening / Diagnosis Countermeasure Selection / Economic Appraisal Project Prioritization /Safety Effectiveness Evaluation C 10 11 12 Predictive Methods for: Rural Two-Lane, Two-Way Roads Rural Multilane Highways Urban & Suburban Arterials D 13 14 15 16 17 Crash Modification Factors for: Roadway Segments Intersections Interchanges Special Facilities and Geometric Situations Road Networks
Ranking - Based on organizational policy Prioritization Incl. assessment of potential countermeasure Countermeasure Selection, B/C Site diagnosis, countermeasure selection, economic analysis Network Screening Based on policy focus (e.g. SHSP, systematic approaches, riskbased (proactive) approaches, and reactive approaches; some as a result of STIP, TIP, route development process and corridor planning Evaluating Individual Projects Before-after studies Evaluating System Performance Performance Measures for Safety Evaluate Alternatives - Evaluate alternatives in operations, maintenance, and construction HSM Part B, C, and D HSM Part C, and D Operations, Maintenance & Construction Compare Safety Impact vs Other Impacts (e.g. environmental) Countermeasure Selection & B/C - Site diagnosis, countermeasure selection, economic analysis 3R vs 4R - (i.e. less restrictive design requirements vs Green Book new construction criteria) Design exceptions/ deviations Evaluate design alternatives Compare safety impact vs other impacts (e.g. environmental) Evaluate design-build proposals - Using value-based evaluation that includes safety State DOT Project Development Process, Activities, and Relationship with the HSM
Goal of HSM Implementation Move forward Integration of safety in the day to day activities Support State s Performance Goals Institutionalize safety culture HSM becomes a tool routinely used by transportation/road professionals Safety is another quantified parameter always
HSM Implementation Key Components (Lead State Peer to Peer Workshop) Implementation plan / road map / timelines Leadership and internal marketing Policy (e.g., incorporate HSM into processes) Personnel Resources and Funding Data Training Supporting Tools
Procedure for Updates to HSM Four year cycle for complete update Items can be added earlier Major priority items identified Develop a Strategic Plan Identify and Prioritize Research Needs Identify Potential Resources
HSM Coordinated National Initiatives AASHTO AASHTO Subcommittee on Safety Management: Task Group Technical Safety Publication Oversight & Coordination (HSM) HSM /Safety Analyst/Website User Discussion Forum FHWA National Roadmap for Implementation/Training/IHSDM Crash Modification Factor (CMF) Clearinghouse (www.cmfclearinghouse.org) Includes all available CMFs Star Quality Rating A Guide to Developing Quality CMFs
HSM Coordinated National Initiatives (continued) TRB Committee for Highway Safety Performance NCHRP Lead State Initiative CMF Protocols Research projects Individual States Collaboration and Peer Exchanges
AASHTO Green Book A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets 2011 Edition to be released in November 2011 Available for first time as a webbased publication with bonus material and interactive features
Roadside Design Guide 4 th Edition recently released Provides detailed information on treatments that can minimize the likelihood of serious injuries when a motorist leaves the roadway, including clear zones, barriers, crash cushions Also available for as a web-based publication with additional features
Lane Departure Crashes Addresses the problem systematically Nearly 4 out of every 10 fatal crashes involve a single vehicle leaving its lane and/or the roadway More than twice as many on rural roads than on urban roads
WHAT Is TZD? The National Highway Safety Strategy Uses the 1997 AASHTO strategic plan as a base. Target for release: May 2012 Broadens the outreach More inclusive in ownership Longer time horizon at least 25 years Safety culture strategies included Technology will play a key role
Highway Deaths: Where Are We?
How Will We Drastically Reduce Fatalities? Safer drivers/passengers and pedestrians and bicyclists Safer vehicles Safer roadways Better/more emergency medical services
Vehicle Countermeasures Vehicle-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to- Infrastructure communication Electronic stability control Other safety features: Lane departure warnings Adaptive headlights Forward collision warning Brake assist
Lessons Learned: Worldwide Applications Leadership and a shared vision at top levels Driving is a privilege rather than a right Partnerships among health, development, transportation, and public safety communities Shared accountability and responsibility Tough laws on vehicles and drivers must exist and be enforced We can learn from each other developing as well as developed countries as developed nations
Akane@aashto.org Khardy@aashto.org Muito Obrigado Thank You Jmcdonnell@aashto.org www.transportation.org www.highwaysafetymanual.org www.cmfclearinghouse.org www.strategicsafetyplan.com